The document describes snowball sampling, a non-probability sampling technique used to find participants for research in difficult-to-reach populations. It outlines three types of snowball sampling: linear, exponential non-discriminative, and exponential discriminative, along with their applications and advantages, such as accessing hidden populations. However, it also highlights disadvantages, including potential sampling errors and biases in representation.

1. Name: AFTAB AHMAD
Reg no: Huss211101147
Quize no 1
Topic name : What is snowball sampling describe in detail?
Section BS English 3rd B
Teacher name: ma'am Bushra Sohail

2. What is snowball sampling
describe in detail?

3. Snowball sampling
● Snowball is a type of non-probability sampling technique
● Snowball sampling is choosing the participants to find more participants
for making a sample group
● Mostly researchers used this sampling technique where participants are
difficult to locate in a general population.

4. • Snowball sampling technique works as a chaining system.
• Participants refer other participants.
• There are two important things to remember in Snowball
sampling:
1. To find one or more research participant for research.
2. To take reference of participant to get more sample size in research.
For example, a researcher who is seeking to study leadership patterns could ask individuals to name
others in their community who are influential.

5. Types of snowball sampling
1. Linear Snowball Sampling
Linear snowball sampling is dependent on a straight-line referral
sequence, beginning with only one subject. This individual subject will
provide one new referral who is then recruited into the sample group.
This referral will provide another new referral, and this pattern continues
until the ideal sample size is reached.

6. 2.Exponential Non-Discriminative Snowball Sampling
In exponential non-discriminative snowball sampling, the first subject
recruited to the sample provides multiple referrals. Each new referral will
then provide the researchers with more potential research subjects.
This geometric chain sampling sequence continues until there are enough
participants for the study.

7. 3.Exponential Discriminative Snowball Sampling
This type of snowball sampling is very similar to exponential
non-discriminative snowball sampling in that each subject provides
multiple referrals.
However, in this case, only one subject is recruited from each referral.
Researchers determine which referral to recruit based on the objectives
and goals of the study.

8. Applications: When is it used
Snowball sampling is used when researchers have difficulty finding participants for their
studies. This typically occurs in studies on hidden populations, such as criminals, drug
dealers or sex workers, as these individuals tend to be difficult for researchers to
access.
The snowball sampling method is beneficial because current participants are likely to
know others who share similar characteristics that are relevant to the study.
Members of these hidden populations tend to be closely connected as they share
interests or are involved in the same groups, and they can inform others about the
benefits of the study and reassure them of confidentiality.

9. Advantages:
● It is a good method to find out hidden population.
● Useful to create sample group where it is difficult to find participants.
● This method easily gives them identity and motivation.

10. Disadvantages:
● It is impossible to find out sampling errors.
● Snowball samples cannot be considered as representative of entire
population.
● Sometimes samples can be bias.