The document discusses massive open online courses (MOOCs), highlighting their structure, advantages, and challenges. MOOCs provide free, accessible education to a large, diverse audience via the internet, often without the need for formal registration. However, they face issues such as high dropout rates, lack of personalized feedback, and the need for self-directed learning.

1. Open Education Resource
by
Dr. Piyush Charan
Assistant Professor
Department of Electronics and Communication Engg.
Integral University, Lucknow

2. What is
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3. Introduction to MOOC
• A Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) is – an online course aimed at
unlimited participation and open access via the web. – videos, readings, and
problem sets, MOOCs provide interactive user forum that help build a
community for students, professors, and teaching assistants (TAs).
• A massive open online course (MOOC) is a free Web-based distance learning
program that is designed for the participation of large numbers of geographically
dispersed students.
• The word MOOC was coined in 2008 by Dave Cormier, from the University of
Prince Edward Island for a course offered by the University of Manitoba,
"Connectivism and Connective Knowledge."
• MOOCs are a recent development in distance education.
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4. Introduction to MOOC
• Typically free and credit-less
• Being offered by elite universities through
Massive partnerships with MOOC providers (such
as Coursera, EdX, Swayam, etc. )
Massive
• Open to anyone with an Internet connection
Open
• Very large and often have a student enrollment
so big (as many as 50,000 or more) that faculty
cannot Online respond to everyone individuallyOnline
• Designed to give students automatic or peer-
Course generated feedbackCourse
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5. • A MOOC is an online course with the option of free
and open registration, a publicly-shared curriculum, and
open-ended outcomes. MOOCs integrate social
networking, accessible online resources, and are
facilitated by leading practitioners in the field of study.
Most significantly, MOOCs build on the engagement of
learners who self-organize their participation according
to learning goals, prior knowledge and skills, and
common interests.
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6. Some MOOC Platforms
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7. Why MOOC??
People expect to be able to work, learn, and study whenever and wherever
they want to.
The technologies we use are increasingly cloud-based and expectations of
IT decentralized support.
The world of work is increasingly collaborative, driving changes in the
structure of student projects .
Abundance of resources and relationships are easily accessible via the
Internet.
Education paradigms are shifting to include online learning, hybrid
learning, and collaborative models.
There is a new emphasis in the classroom on more challenge-based and
active learning.
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8. MOOC Tools
• Learning Management System
• Content Delivery
– Video
– Presentation
– Document
• Simulation
• All of these usually running on a cloud to be able to
scale!
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9. Social Media Integration
•Blogs provide opportunities for people to express their own ideas and comment on the ideas of others. Learner
blogs can be hosted on an LMS within an intranet or displayed on a public blogging site such as Blogger or
WordPress. Microblogging sites, like Twitter, let users communicate in both spontaneous and scheduled
discussions
Discussion boards, Blogs
and microblogs
•places for the members of the community to share what they are learning in the course and independently.
These online spaces can be created publicly or on a private intranet.
•Collaborating via wikis both helps learners develop personal learning networks and documents the collective
knowledge in the organization
Course wikis
•Collaborative documents allow teams to share ideas and work together on projects either synchronously or
asynchronously.
•Google Docs, TitanPad can track user interaction in real time
Collaborative documents
and shared workspaces
•virtual meetings allow for synchronous collaboration. hold virtual meetings on Skype or Google+ Hangouts to
discuss the material.Virtual Meetings
•Content sharing is a way for learners to curate and share content, including text files, videos, audio files, and
other multimedia. Content can be shared via YouTube (video), Flickr(images), Slideshare (PowerPoint
presentations), and many other services. Content sharing encourages active learning, as curating and creating
their own content helps students engage meaningfully with the material.
Content Sharing
•Social bookmarking, through programs like Delicious, is a way for users to tag, save, and share web pages and
other information.Social Bookmarking
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10. Advantages of MOOCs
• No tuition fees
• Open access, exposing top level professors at
schools that would otherwise be unavailable to
much of the World's population
• Open courses for all interested, regardless of
location, resulting in a more diverse student base
• Students can collaborate with their peers from
different parts of the world.
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11. Advantages of MOOCs contd..
• Students can share work, critique and receive
others feedback. Provide online interaction
amongst students.
• Some enthusiastic professors have found global
sharing of knowledge more appealing. Many
acknowledge that MOOCs help them reevaluate
their pedagogical methods, while improving
knowledge sharing.
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12. Disadvantage of MOOCs
• They make it easy for students to drop out.
• MOOCs do not provide active feedback due to
large number of students.
• Students need to be responsible for their own
work because MOOCs provide self-directed
learning.
• Technical problems
• Limited real world engagement.
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13. Connectivity is the KEY!
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14. Business Model of MOOCs
• Certification (students pay for a badge or certificate)
• Secured Assessments (students pay to have their examinations
invigilated)
• Employee Recruitment (companies pay for access )
• Applicant Screening (employers/universities pay for access to
records to screen applicants)
Reference: The Future of online Education: Where do MOOCs fit in? P. Hawranik, WC DGS meeting, 01/2013
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17. How edX Works?
• The platform uses online learning software that uses interactive experiences.
• Each week, a new learning sequence is released in an edX course. The learning
sequence is composed of short (an average of 10 minutes each) videos interspersed
with active learning exercises where students can immediately practice the concepts
from the videos.
• They can include illustrations, often on a tablet or slide. There is a sidebar showing
the text; the student can follow the text, and scroll up or down it.
• The courses also often include tutorial videos that are similar to small group on-
campus discussion groups, an online textbook, and an online discussion forum
where students can post and review questions and comments to each other and
teaching assistants.
• Where applicable, online laboratories are incorporated into the course. For example,
in edX's first MOOC—a circuits and electronics course— students built virtual
circuits in an online lab.
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18. • an educational technology company offering massive
open online courses (MOOCs)
– founded by computer science professors Andrew
Ng and Daphne Koller from Stanford University.
• Coursera works with universities to make some of their
courses available online. offers courses in
– physics, engineering, humanities, medicine,
biology, social sciences, mathematics, business,
computer science, and other areas.
– User 6,280,772 Courserians. Learn from 595
courses, from their108 partners.
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19. How Coursera Works?
• The website provides free online courses
including Humanities, Medicine, Biology, Social
Sciences, Mathematics, Business, Computer
Science, and others.
• Each course includes short video lectures on
different topics and assignments to be submitted,
usually on a weekly basis.
– In most humanities and social science
courses, and other assignments where an
objective standard may not be possible, a
peer review system is used.
• Web forums are provided for courses, and some
students also arrange face to face study meetups
using meetup.com, or online meetups.
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20. • SWAYAM is a programme initiated by Government of India
and designed to achieve the three cardinal principles of
Education Policy viz., access, equity and quality.
• The objective of this effort is to take the best teaching learning
resources to all, including the most disadvantaged.
• SWAYAM seeks to bridge the digital divide for students who
have hitherto remained untouched by the digital revolution and
have not been able to join the mainstream of the knowledge
economy.
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21. How works?
• SWAYAM showcases a platform that facilitates hosting of all the courses, taught in
classrooms from Class 9 till post-graduation to be accessed by anyone, anywhere at
any time. All the courses are interactive, prepared by the best teachers in the
country and are available, free of cost to any learner. More than 1,000 specially
chosen faculty and teachers from across the country have participated in preparing
these courses.
• The courses hosted on SWAYAM are in 4 quadrants – (1) video lecture, (2)
specially prepared reading material that can be downloaded/printed (3) self-
assessment tests through tests and quizzes and (4) an online discussion forum for
clearing the doubts. Steps have been taken to enrich the learning experience by
using audio-video and multi-media and state of the art pedagogy / technology.
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22. How Works? Contd..
• In order to ensure that best quality content is produced and delivered, nine National
Coordinators have been appointed. They are:
– AICTE (All India Council for Technical Education) for self-paced and international courses
– NPTEL (National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning) for Engineering
– UGC (University Grants Commission) for non technical post-graduation education
– CEC (Consortium for Educational Communication) for under-graduate education
– NCERT (National Council of Educational Research and Training) for school education
– NIOS (National Institute of Open Schooling) for school education
– IGNOU (Indira Gandhi National Open University) for out-of-school students
– IIMB (Indian Institute of Management, Bangalore) for management studies
– NITTTR (National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research) for Teacher
Training programme
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23. How Works? Contd..
• Courses delivered through SWAYAM are available free of cost to the
learners, however learners wanting a SWAYAM certificate should register
for the final proctored exams that come at a fee and attend in-person at
designated centres on specified dates.
• Eligibility for the certificate will be announced on the course page and
learners will get certificates only if this criteria is matched.
• Universities/colleges approving credit transfer for these courses can use the
marks/certificate obtained in these courses for the same.
• The SPOCs(Single Point of Contacts) of the participating universities help
in coordinating the courses among students and faculty members. They also
help in organizing the proctored examinations at designated centers.
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24. Challenges with MOOCs
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• Few typically stick through the duration of the
class
• Engaging students without overwhelming them
• Student experiences and socializing are done
virtually and without real-world tangibility
• Students must be responsible for their own
learning
• Students can be ill-prepared for university-level
work
• Credential models are still emerging
• Grading is imperfect
• Cheating is a reality

25. Dr. Piyush Charan
Assistant Professor,
Department of ECE,
Integral University, Lucknow
Email: er.piyush.charan@gmailcom, piyush@iul.ac.in