A mole is a unit of measurement used in chemistry that represents 6.02 x 1023 particles of an element or compound. It allows chemists to convert between the number of particles and mass of a substance. The mass of one mole of an element in grams is equal to its atomic mass listed on the periodic table. For example, one mole of carbon weighs 12 grams while one mole of magnesium weighs 24.3 grams. Additionally, one mole of any gas occupies a volume of 22.4 liters at standard temperature and pressure.