Westward expansion brought Americans to Texas and the West, often in conflict with Mexico and Native Americans. The annexation of Texas led the US into war with Mexico, allowing vast American territorial gains. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 sparked the Gold Rush, flooding the West with settlers and miners seeking wealth but also bringing violence and discrimination.
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
How to Build a Dynamic Social Media PlanPost Planner
Stop guessing and wasting your time on networks and strategies that don’t work!
Join Rebekah Radice and Katie Lance to learn how to optimize your social networks, the best kept secrets for hot content, top time management tools, and much more!
Watch the replay here: bit.ly/socialmedia-plan
Content personalisation is becoming more prevalent. A site, it's content and/or it's products, change dynamically according to the specific needs of the user. SEO needs to ensure we do not fall behind of this trend.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
By David F. Larcker, Stephen A. Miles, and Brian Tayan
Stanford Closer Look Series
Overview:
Shareholders pay considerable attention to the choice of executive selected as the new CEO whenever a change in leadership takes place. However, without an inside look at the leading candidates to assume the CEO role, it is difficult for shareholders to tell whether the board has made the correct choice. In this Closer Look, we examine CEO succession events among the largest 100 companies over a ten-year period to determine what happens to the executives who were not selected (i.e., the “succession losers”) and how they perform relative to those who were selected (the “succession winners”).
We ask:
• Are the executives selected for the CEO role really better than those passed over?
• What are the implications for understanding the labor market for executive talent?
• Are differences in performance due to operating conditions or quality of available talent?
• Are boards better at identifying CEO talent than other research generally suggests?
II. Politics in Mexico• Mexico plagued by chronic politica.docxwilcockiris
II. Politics in Mexico
• Mexico plagued by chronic political instability
• 1821-1871- 50 Mexican presidents in office
• 1821-1848-almost all presidents overthrown
• Political factions: Centralists, Federalists,
• Mexican politics prevents consistent approach to problems with Texas Revolt
and Polk administration
Mexico’s 1824 Colonization Act
• Permitted foreign immigration into Southwest
• Plan intended to populate the region
• Develop the region economically
• Link the region with interior Mexico
• “Mexicanize the region”
• Buffer against American expansionism
Provisions of the 1824 act
• Immigrants Must:
• Adopt Mexican citizenship
• Be or become Catholics
• Obey Mexican laws
• Respect Mexican culture, customs and authority
Provisions, continued
• Economic incentives included:
• No taxes for up to seven years
• Purchase land in the following amounts:
• 640 acres per male
• 320 per female
• 160 per child
• 80 per slave
The Texas Revolt
A. Permission to settle:
Starting in 1821, Spain and then an Independent Mexico had granted permission to
Catholic (North) Americans to settle the sparsely populated territory of Texas.
B. Incentives for settlement:
Soon there was a great influx of Americans settlers into Texas. The land was practically
free--only 10¢ an acre as opposed to $1.25 an acre for inferior land in the U.S. Each male
colonists over twenty-one years of age was allowed to purchase 640 acres for himself, 320
acres for his wife, 160 acres for each child and, significantly, an additional 80 acres for
each slaves that he brought with him.
The numerical dominance of the American settlers:
1827: By 1827 there were some 12,000 United States citizens living in Texas, while there
were only 7,000 Mexicans.
1835: By 1835 the immigrant population had reached 30,000, while the Mexican population
had barely passed 7,800
The Mexican response to the influx of
Americans
1. Slavery was abolished:
The first important piece of legislation designed to prevent a further weakening of Mexican
control was President Guerrero's emancipation proclamation of 1829. Because slavery as
not important anywhere else in the republic, the measure was clearly directed at Texas.
Although manumission was not immediately enforced, it was hoped that the decree itself
would make Mexico less attractive to colonists from the U.S. South and would thus arrest
immigration.
2. Forbiddance of further immigration:
The colonization law of 1830 explicitly forbade all future immigration into Texas from the
United States and called for the strengthening of Mexican garrisons, the improvement of
economic ties between Texas and the remainder of Mexico by the establishment of a new
coastal trade, and the encouragement of increased Mexican colonization.
Texas Declaration of Independence
• 1835 document declaring independence from Mexico
• Outlines grievances against the Mexican government: lack
.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Manifest Destiny
• The popular belief among Americans that it
was God’s will that the United States do
everything in its power to expand its borders
to the Pacific Ocean.
• Brought hope that westward expansion would
bring economic prosperity in a troubled nation
• Some were worried the US would become to
large to govern effectively.
3. Oh Texas
• U.S. settlers were quickly settling into Texas –
esp. after Mexico won its independence from
Spain
• Mexico wanted a larger non-Indian
population, so they offered cheap land to lure
people in.
• They really just wanted to create a buffer
zone!
4. More on Texas
• Mexico also feared the U.S. would try to
invade Texas – (they already tried twice to
purchase it)
• The Plan
– Get enough US citizens to populate Texas, turn
them loyal to Mexico so that they would aid the
native Tejanos in a war with the US
– Recruit people from several countries to come live
5. Still more on Texas
• New immigrants were required to become
Catholic, but made no other effort to become
Mexican
• Mexico forbid slavery
• Non-Mex soon outnumbered the Tejanos and
Mexico closed the border to new immigrants
• This accomplished little – immigrants still
poured over the border
6. Trouble Brews
• Texans redefined slavery as indentured
servitude to get around laws
• A new elected president established
dictatorial control over the gov’t
• Texan Stephen Austin was arrested in Mexico
City while trying to settle issues.
7. Texas Revolution
• The Alamo-
– A mission in San Antonio, TX turned into a fort. It
was captured by white Texan rebels where they
were joined by volunteers
– Mex gov’t sends in troops by Feb. (Santa Anna’s
Army)
– Texans are led by Travis and Bowie.
– By March Mex troops overrun the fort and kill all
Texan fighters – 600 Mex casualties
8. TX Rev
• Santa Anna’s troops take civ. Prisoners – they do
release a few (survivors told their own version of
the story – TX did no wrong)
• Spurred anti-Mex feelings – led to Goliad.
Another battle the Mex wins, TX rebels surrender
– Santa Anna had most of them executed.
• By Mar. 2 rebels declared independence
• Sam Houston and his army ambush the Mex
soldiers while they were napping at San Jacinto –
cut off Mex supplies and weakened them
• TX Rebels win independence.
9. Republic of TX
• Texas wanted to be annexed by US – but the
US was not so sure about a new slave state
and the whole involvement with Mex.
• TX briefly existed as its own country.
• TX began recruiting French and German
settlers to increase population
• Tejanos, who had served with the white rebels
for independence from Mex, became victims
of violence and discrimination
10. Lone Star Republic –Economy and
Defense
• Because it was farm based, few cities and
towns developed
• Travel and Communication difficult
• Since they had little money, tax revenue was
small – they were deeply in debt.
• Created the Texas Rangers to defend their
country from Mex and Native Am tribes
11. Texas Annexation
• Some Americans wanted to annex TX just to
prevent them from becoming allies with Gr.Br.
• Others did not want annexation because it
would give more power in Congress to slave
states.
• This dispute dominated the 1844 election
– Henry Clay (Whig) vs James K Polk (Democrat)
– Polk advocated annexation in his campaign, Clay
avoided it all together.
• Polk won (barely) & took it as a cry for
annexation
12. Conflict with Mexico
• Mexico stated the annexation of TX would be
like declaring war – Congress ignored them &
voted for annexation
• Polk stoked the fire by demanding Mex
recognize the Rio Grande as its N border
• Mex wanted the Nueces R to be the border
(100 mi north)
• Polk sent in Gen. Zachary Taylor to this
disputed territory
13. Conflict turns to War
• Polk sends someone to Mex City to negotiate,
things fall apart, Mex troops crossed the Rio
Grande and killed some Am troops
• Polk asks Congress to declare war- they do!
• Whigs and northerners did not agree with war
– Some saw it as Polk’s way of increasing slavery
– Young Abe Lincoln of IL wanted more proof of this
American bloodshed.
14. America Expands?
• American troops seized New Mexico (then part of
Mex) and moved into California
• Gen Taylor proceeded into central Mex
• Gen. Fremont who led the Am forces into CA
rallied the locals and they declared themselves
independent
• Taylor and his troops defeated Santa Anna and his
troops in a devastating battle at Buena Vista
• Soon after Am troops took Mex City.
15. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
• Ended the Mexican War
• Mex surrendered TX and other territory
collectively called the Mexican Cession
– Includes present day: Utah, Nevada, California,
parts of Arizona, Colorado, Wyoming and New
Mexico.
• US agreed to pay $15 million and damages Am
were going after Mex for.
16. Gadsden Purchase
• 1853, Gadsden went to Mex to negotiate the
purchase of a strip of land that was added to
NM and AZ.
• As a result of all of this expansion, Am gained
>80,000 Spanish speaking Mex who struggled
to keep their lands
– Victims of discrimination , led to rebellions
throughout the SW
18. Trade
• New England mariners had been trading with
the far west since 1790, they sailed from New
England around S. America and back up to CA,
WA, & OR.
• Mex had once forbidden foreign trade, but
since its Spanish independence, encouraged
it!
• This led to trade routes.
19. Trade
• 1st trade route was from MO to NM called the
Santa Fe Trail
• Fur trappers moved further west, into the
mountains
• Led to exploration & new ways of doing
business.
• Oregon Trail originally used as fur trade route
became a route for new settlers.
20. Oregon
• Farmers and Missionaries began settling
– Farmers saw the fertile ground near the rivers
– Missionaries saw the Native AM and “needed” to
convert them
• Gr.Br and US both occupied Oregon, but as more
US settlers moved, it was a hot issue!
• US originally suggested they split it, Gr.Br.
Refused. Polk wanted all of it – angered the Brits.
Settled on the 49th parallel as the US border.
21. Oregon Trail
• Very difficult journey, many children were
orphaned and left at missionary posts along
the way
• Traveled in large groups to pool their
resources
• Weather was bad, terrain rugged, many rivers,
slow travel
• Many Nat. Am were helpful – led to Treaty of
Ft. Laramie.
22. Oregon Conflict
• White settlers spread new diseases to the Nat.
Am in the region.
• Farming techniques used by white settlers
destroyed Nat. Am habitats
• Some Nat. Am tribes fought back –some Nat.
Am were executed.
23. Mormons in Utah
• Brigham Young moved west to est. a religious
community
• Known as the Mormons
• Constructed systems of canals for irrigation and
established farms, schools, meetinghouses – very
successful
• US gov’t didn’t like it. Mormon men were
allowed to have more than one wife, Mormons
were apptd to high territorial offices, too
independent.
25. Early Settlers
• Early settlers to CA were of Spanish descent,
mostly male, who married local Native Am
women.
• Most of these men worked as Sp soldiers or
worked for the Catholic missions
• Spain began granting land grants forcing Nat.
Ams further inland
26. GOLD!
• Few merchants lived in CA, mostly it was
farmers seeking cheap farmland by the 1840s.
• Jan, 1848, gold was discovered near the
California Trail (fork of the Oregon Trail)
• Word spread over the next year and by 1849,
farms and shops were abandoned by people
in search of gold
• Brought people from Asia, Australia & Europe
• These settlers were known as the 49ers (1849)
27. MINING TOWNS
• Most gold-seekers were unmarried men
• Mining towns drew few women, they were very
rough
– High crime: gambling, fighting, drinking, prostitution,
murder, theft etc!
• While a few got rich, most remained poor.
• Created diversity in this land.
• Others came w/ other ideas – get rich off the
miners by selling supplies.
• Levi Strauss (the inventor of Levi’s Jeans) did just
that!
28. Conflict in the Mines
• White Am miners got greedy and forbid
“foreigners” from being in the mines
– Problem: this included the Californios (people of
native am and sp descent) who were actually Am
citizens.
– Some were beaten and killed
29. Conflicts, cont’d
• Chinese miners who were forced out of mines
became field or RR workers, formed towns,
opened groceries or went back to China
• African American miners faced similar
difficulties, although a few became rich
• Miners often accused Nat. Am of ransacking
their camps and Nat. Am often attacked
miners for taking their land.