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The Mormons faced persecution in the eastern United States and moved west seeking religious freedom. Their leader Brigham Young led them to Salt Lake Valley in Utah in 1847 to establish a safe haven. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 triggered the Gold Rush, drawing thousands of prospectors from around the world. San Francisco boomed as a result but also struggled with lawlessness. California drafted a state constitution and joined the Union in 1849. Its diverse population was comprised originally of Native Americans, Mexicans, and later large numbers of Chinese and other immigrants during the Gold Rush.
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Soc studies #31 california and utah
In the mid-19th century, the Gold Rush brought a flood of people to California, transforming it from a sparsely populated territory to a boomtown. Around the same time, members of the Mormon church fled religious persecution and settled in Utah under Brigham Young's leadership. Both areas saw a period of lawlessness and formation of vigilante groups due to the lack of formal law enforcement. California became a state in 1850 after meeting population requirements, while Utah struggled for statehood for decades due to its practice of polygamy.
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Joseph Smith established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1830 in upstate New York. He taught that property should be held in common and that men could have multiple wives. After Smith was killed by a mob in 1844, Brigham Young led the Mormons westward and established Salt Lake City in Utah as the headquarters for the Mormon church.
the southern colonies
The document summarizes the early English settlement and development of the southern colonies from 1606-1713. It discusses the founding of Jamestown in 1607 by the London Company, the establishment of tobacco as a cash crop there, and the growth of the system of indentured servitude. It also covers the founding of other southern colonies like Maryland, the Carolinas, and Georgia, the shift to slavery as the main labor source, and events like Bacon's Rebellion that shaped the colonial south.
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The document discusses three groups that contributed to westward expansion in the United States: Irish immigrants, Chinese Americans and other Asian immigrants, and participants in the 1849 California Gold Rush. Irish immigrants fled famine and religious persecution in Ireland, taking on dangerous low-paying jobs in America. Chinese immigrants escaped poverty and overpopulation, working in mines, railroads, and towns while facing prejudice. The Gold Rush starting in 1848 drew over 80,000 people to California in 1849 from around the world, including Americans, Chinese, South Americans, and escaped slaves, rapidly increasing California's diverse population and leading the state to draft a constitution and gain statehood.
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The document discusses three waves of immigration to the United States: Old immigrants from northern Europe between 1600-1850 who settled on farms in the Midwest; New immigrants from southern and eastern Europe between 1860-1920 who moved to cities in the Northeast and worked in factories and mines; and modern immigrants since 1965 from Latin America and Asia. It notes the reasons for immigration included economic opportunities, religious/political persecution, and the promise of freedoms in the US. New immigrants initially arrived at Ellis Island or Angel Island and faced inspections before entering the country. Their expectations of America contrasted with the difficult living conditions they encountered in urban tenements and sweatshops. The massive immigration during this period resulted in a population shift from rural to urban
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The document summarizes key events in early American history across 4 chapters. It describes how the earliest English settlers came to Virginia seeking wealth through gold and how the Dutch prince William led the Glorious Revolution against King James. It also notes that 18th century travel became more popular, tripling over 100 years, and how colonists became more informed but immigration was restricted, resulting in divisions in colonial society.
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The document summarizes the early colonial history of the southern colonies of North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. It discusses the founding and development of Charleston, the division of North and South Carolina, the establishment of Georgia as a buffer colony, and the rise of the plantation system and slavery in the southern colonies. The use of indentured servants and Native Americans as labor failed, while African slaves succeeded due to the slave trade bringing Africans who were isolated by language and skin color and had little chance of escaping.
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Joseph Smith established the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in 1830 in upstate New York. He taught that property should be held in common and that men could have multiple wives. After Smith was killed by a mob in 1844, Brigham Young led the Mormons westward and established Salt Lake City in Utah as the headquarters for the Mormon church.
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American colonies
The Carolinas were created as a new colony north of Florida and south of the Chesapeake Bay to honor King Charles II. It included North and South Carolina and later Georgia. To increase colonists and economic development, the Lords Proprietor offered settlers large land grants and freedom of religion. The colonist population grew from 200 to over 6,600. Native Americans were turned into slave catchers and traded animal hides, slaves, and guns with the colonists in exchange for goods like cloth and rum. Georgia was established as a new colony south of the Savannah River by the Georgia Trustees to alleviate English poverty, initially prohibiting slavery, though it was later permitted which increased the population.
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The document summarizes key events in early American history across 4 chapters. It describes how the earliest English settlers came to Virginia seeking wealth through gold and how the Dutch prince William led the Glorious Revolution against King James. It also notes that 18th century travel became more popular, tripling over 100 years, and how colonists became more informed but immigration was restricted, resulting in divisions in colonial society.
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The document discusses the development of African-American culture from the period of slavery in colonial America. It notes that slavery began slowly but increased dramatically after 1675 as the slave population grew to meet labor demands on plantations. During this period, African cultural practices mixed with European and Native American influences to form a distinct African-American culture, seen in musical traditions, folk tales, Christianity and language. While slaves were found across British North America, the South developed a "slave society" dependent on the institution of slavery more so than other regions.
Southern colonies
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The document summarizes how the California Gold Rush was discovered in 1848 and led to a mass migration to California from around the world, especially from the United States, in pursuit of quick wealth. This migration transformed California from a sparsely populated territory into a boomtown region and state, and also had negative consequences for the indigenous Native American population, such as warfare, disease, and a dramatic decline in their numbers. The Gold Rush was influenced by the concept of Manifest Destiny, the idea that American settlers were destined to expand across the entire North American continent.
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The rapid growth of cities in the late 19th century was caused by several factors: improved farm equipment increased agricultural productivity and reduced the need for farm labor, pushing people to migrate to cities for work; large numbers of immigrants provided a steady supply of urban industrial labor; and after the Civil War, many former slaves migrated north seeking work in cities to escape discrimination in the South. These factors led to overcrowding and other urban problems as cities struggled to accommodate the large influx of new residents.
Fortyniners
1) Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints faced persecution and violence in the 1830s-1840s in Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois, culminating in the death of their leader Joseph Smith in 1844.
2) In 1847, seeking religious refuge, thousands of Mormons embarked on a journey led by Brigham Young to establish a settlement in Salt Lake Valley, Utah.
3) The California Gold Rush beginning in 1848 attracted thousands of prospectors, known as "forty-niners", fueling rapid population growth in California through the discovery of gold and other precious metals in the region.
Staar 03 a changing society1
Rapid industrialization in the late 19th century led to mass urbanization in the United States. Several key factors drove this trend: improved farm equipment like the steel plow reduced the number of farm jobs; large numbers of European immigrants provided a steady supply of factory labor; and newly freed African Americans migrated north seeking work. This influx of people into cities caused overcrowding, poor sanitation, and increased disease. Political machines also exploited new urban immigrants.
Manifest destiny power_point_1
The document provides a detailed overview of American westward expansion between the early 1800s and 1850s. It describes how the Oregon Territory was claimed by several nations, how American fur trappers and missionaries began settling the region in the 1820s-1840s, and how the concept of Manifest Destiny and Oregon Fever led to a mass migration of settlers along the Oregon Trail. It also discusses the American acquisition of Texas and war with Mexico, which resulted in the Mexican Cession of California and New Mexico to the US. The conclusion summarizes the impacts of the California Gold Rush and statehood for California and Utah.
Westward expansion
Westward expansion brought Americans to Texas and the West, often in conflict with Mexico and Native Americans. The annexation of Texas led the US into war with Mexico, allowing vast American territorial gains. The discovery of gold in California in 1848 sparked the Gold Rush, flooding the West with settlers and miners seeking wealth but also bringing violence and discrimination.
49ers
The document discusses the California Gold Rush of 1848-1855. It describes how gold was discovered by James Marshall at Sutter's sawmill, sparking a massive migration. Over 300,000 prospectors immigrated to California using various mining techniques like pans, picks and shovels to excavate gold. Some individuals like Wells and Levi Strauss profited by supplying goods and services to the miners. The Gold Rush had positive impacts like growing California's population and economy but also had negative effects like environmental impacts and violence towards native peoples.
A new nation
The document summarizes key events in the westward expansion of the United States in the early to mid-19th century. It discusses the rapid population growth in the new nation between 1780-1830, the rise of Manifest Destiny and belief in American exceptionalism. It also describes the Oregon Treaty of 1818, settlement of the Oregon Territory by Mountain Men, and the thousands of pioneers who made the overland journey along the Oregon Trail between 1840-1860. The document outlines the Mexican Cession following the Mexican-American War and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, as well as the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 which completed US control of the western territories.
Westward expansion
1) Westward expansion opened up new lands for American settlers through the Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark Expedition.
2) The discovery of gold in California in 1848 triggered the California Gold Rush, attracting thousands of prospectors seeking wealth.
3) Native Americans were displaced and suffered losses as settlers moved west and hunted buffalo herds, leading to conflicts and wars over land.
Time of slavery (social studies)
This document provides an overview of slavery in the United States leading up to the Civil War. It discusses how slavery divided the country economically and ideologically between the North and South. It also describes slave revolts, the growth of the free black population in the North, abolitionist newspapers, and key events and compromises that further strained relations between free and slave states on the issue of slavery. Rising sectional tensions over the expansion of slavery into new territories and states ultimately led the nation to the brink of war.
Eoct review questions gps 1 – 4
The document provides a summary of key events and developments in early American history from the founding of Jamestown in 1607 through the American Revolution. It discusses the establishment of the tobacco industry in Virginia, conflicts with Native Americans, the growth of slavery and the plantation system in the South, religious dissent that led to new colonies being founded, and the political and economic tensions that emerged between the colonies and Britain in the 1700s. Major events covered include the French and Indian War, responses to new British taxation like the Boston Tea Party, and the publication of Common Sense and the Declaration of Independence.
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Miners and ranchers helped build the American West in the late 19th century. Miners flocked west during the Gold Rush, founding boomtowns when gold and silver deposits were discovered. The Comstock Lode silver deposit in Nevada transformed San Francisco and sparked a rush of over 30,000 people to Virginia City. Ranchers drove cattle on long trails from Texas to markets in Kansas, establishing the iconic cowboy culture and cattle towns along trails like the Chisholm Trail. However, the open range era ended when barbed wire was invented, allowing farmers to fence off their land.
Chapter 2
The document summarizes Western expansion in the mid-19th century United States. It discusses key events like the annexation of Texas, Oregon Territory, and Mexican Cession that expanded U.S. territory westward. It also describes cultural clashes as European, Mexican, African American, Chinese, and Native American groups interacted in the expanding West. Ranching, farming, mining, and the transcontinental railroad transformed the economy and society of the Western territories during this period of rapid growth and conflict. Farmers organized cooperatives and the Populist movement in response to economic difficulties in the late 1800s.
Foner Ch 13A The 1840sChapter Focus Quest.docx
Foner Ch 13A The 1840s
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Chapter Focus Questions What was manifest destiny?
What were the major differences between the Oregon, Texas, and California frontiers?
What were the most important consequences of the Mexican-American War?
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Q: You’ve introduced a comparative dimension to the discussion of the California Gold Rush of the late 1840s and early 1850s. What important parallels do you see between that event and the simultaneous discovery of gold in Australia?
A: Of course it was a coincidence that gold was discovered in both places at the same time; it was not some global phenomenon. But in fact, these two gold rushes in the 1840s and the 1950s did play out in interestingly similar ways. The discovery of gold in California and part of southern Australia, first of all, led to an immense influx of population into both places of people seeking to get rich through gold. From all over the world, from Europe, from Latin America, from Asia, people streamed into these countries and in both places you developed this extraordinarily diverse population. San Francisco was probably the most racially and ethnically diverse city in the world in 1850, because everyone in the world had poured in there, and similarly Melbourne, Australia, had an incredibly diverse population for the same reason. On the other hand, in both places you got immediate racial tensions, and in the 1850s, efforts to push Asians, particularly the Chinese, out of the gold fields. California became very well-known for its anti-Chinese, anti-Asian policies, banning what they called foreign miners and things like that. Similarly in Australia you had efforts to push Chinese miners out of the gold fields. So I think the experience of Australia can reflect something back on our understanding of what happened in the United States to show how similar tensions and developments take place in this very hothouse atmosphere of everybody seeking to enrich themselves through gold.
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Q: What were the views of both southerners and northerners on the expansion of slavery into the new territories?
A: Southerners felt that slavery had the same right to expand in the new territory as any other form of property. Nobody was telling people they couldn't bring their livestock, their bank notes, their equipment, whatever it was. Any kind of property could be brought if somebody wanted. They said, Slaves are property, they aren't any different. The government doesn't have any rights to distinguish between forms of property. Moreover, southerners had fought in the American army in Mexico. They had died to gain this new territory; what right did the government have to tell them or their relatives that they could not bring slaves there? Northerners of course said, No, slavery is different; it's not just another form of property. Many of them thought slavery was immoral. Many who didn't care about morality said, Slavery retards economic growth..
Mormons Revision
The document discusses the history of the Mormon religion and its followers, the Mormons. It describes how Joseph Smith founded the religion after claiming to see visions of angels and golden plates. The Mormons faced persecution for their beliefs in polygamy and political ambitions, leading them to be driven from Ohio, Missouri, and Illinois. Brigham Young then led the Mormons westward to Salt Lake Valley in 1847 to escape violence and find a safe place to practice their faith. Through cooperation, leadership, and self-sufficiency, the Mormons were able to survive and establish Salt Lake City despite hardships and conflicts with the U.S. government over their sovereignty.
Thirteen colonies
The document summarizes the 13 original colonies in British North America, dividing them into three regional groups: New England Colonies (Rhode Island, Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire), Middle Colonies (Delaware, Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey), and Southern Colonies (Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia). It describes the religious, economic, and agricultural attributes of each colony. It also discusses the triangular slave trade between North America, Africa, and the West Indies, as well as the religious Great Awakening movement led by preachers Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield in the 1730s-1770s.
California
1. In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain and established a federal republic that welcomed all citizens as it sought to create a civil society through secularization and land grants.
2. In the 1840s, as American settlers moved into California driven by Manifest Destiny, tensions rose which ultimately led the U.S. to declare war on Mexico in 1846 and seize California through the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
3. In 1848, the discovery of gold in California sparked the Gold Rush, attracting hundreds of thousands of prospectors and completely transforming California socially and economically.
America expands westward
America expanded its territory westward in the 19th century through key land purchases and battles over territory. The concept of Manifest Destiny, a belief that America was destined to expand from coast to coast, motivated expansion. Westward expansion brought both challenges and opportunities. Thousands made the difficult journey along trails like the Oregon Trail to settle in the western lands, despite the hardships of crossing deserts and mountains. The Mormon Trail also saw religious refugees migrating west to establish settlements. Texas was annexed after American settlers fought for independence from Mexico, and the Mexican-American War resulted in additional territory acquisitions by the United States.
English colonies in america
The English established colonies in North America for various reasons, including religious freedom, opportunities for land ownership, and to expand their empire. The first permanent English colony was Jamestown, founded in 1607 by the Virginia Company. Self-governance developed through entities like the House of Burgesses in Virginia and the Mayflower Compact of the Plymouth Colony. The colonies developed diverse economies including farming, fishing, lumbering and cash crops, and employed indentured servants and slaves to work the land.
Ca History
The document provides an overview of the history of California, describing its four geographic regions and some of the key explorers and events that shaped the early development of the state. It discusses the Valley, Mountain, Coast, and Desert regions. It also profiles explorers like Columbus, Cabrillo, Cook, Drake, Portola, Serra, Sutter, and Bidwell, as well as events like the Gold Rush and Mexican-American War.
Nation divides in two review pp
The document discusses laws governing slaves and free black people in the antebellum South. It states that a slave needed a pass to leave their owner's land, and if caught without one could be whipped. It also notes that if a free black person gave a slave a pass without their owner's consent, both could be punished, with the free black person facing up to 39 lashes.
Similar to Chapter 13 notessec5 (20)
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Chapter 13 notessec5
- 1. Chapter 13 Notes Sec5 Why did the Mormons move west to settle in Utah? • Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in 1830 in upstate New York. Members of the church were called Mormons. • Neighbors were angered by Mormon beliefs that property should be owned in common and that a man could have more than one wife. • The Mormons moved west to Ohio, where they faced opposition. Moved to Missouri, and then to Illinois. • In the 1840s, they built a community called Nauvoo on the banks of the Mississippi River. They again clashed with neighbors. An angry mob killed Joseph Smith. • A new leader, Brigham Young, realized Mormons needed a refuge, a place where they would be safe from persecution. In 1847, he led an advance party to the valley of the Great Salt Lake, in present-day Utah. Thousands of Mormons followed. How did the gold rush affect life in California? • In 1848, James Marshall was supervising the building of a sawmill for John Sutter, when he discovered a lump of gold. (tried to keep it a secret) • people from San Francisco and other California towns were rushing to Sutter’s Mill to look for gold. • Soon, thousands of Americans, as well as people from around the world, were rushing to California to search for gold. They became known as forty-niners. Early miners found gold easily. Some miners found a way to get the gold out of riverbeds. Yet, very few miners struck it rich. Many went broke trying to find gold. Still, although many miners left the gold fields, they stayed in California to farm or work at other jobs • San Francisco grew from a sleepy town to a bustling city. • When crime grew in the mining camps, miners and city-dwellers formed vigilance committees. Vigilantes, or self-appointed law enforcers, dealt out punishments. Sometimes, a person accused of a crime was lynched—hanged without a trial. • Californians realized they needed a strong government. In 1849, they wrote a state constitution and asked to be admitted to the Union. Why did California develop such a diverse population? • Originally, many Native American tribes made California their home. • Before the gold rush, California’s population included large numbers of Mexicans. • The gold rush brought in people from all over the world, including large numbers of Chinese. Many stayed on when the gold rush ended. • Escaped slaves and free blacks joined the gold rush. Many African Americans also remained in California. Causes Effects Effects today • Oregon has fertile land • Texas is ideal for raising cattle and growing cotton • Many Americans believe in Manifest Destiny • Mormons seek a safe home • Gold is discovered in California • Texas wins war for independence • United States annexes Texas • Britain and United States divide Oregon • United States defeats Mexico in war • Cotton Kingdom spreads • United States stretches from sea to sea • California and Texas are the most populous states • Mexican American culture enriches the United States