This document summarizes key events of US expansion and the Mexican-American War between 1830-1853:
1) It describes the forced removal of Native American tribes like the Cherokee to lands west of the Mississippi River, known as the "Trail of Tears", as well as the annexation of Texas and war with Mexico that added new western territories to the US.
2) The discovery of gold in California in 1848 and migration of settlers over the Oregon Trail led to the rapid growth and statehood of western regions like California.
3) The Mexican Cession of 1848 following the Mexican-American War and the Gadsden Purchase of 1853 extended US control from the Rio
II. Politics in Mexico• Mexico plagued by chronic politica.docxwilcockiris
II. Politics in Mexico
• Mexico plagued by chronic political instability
• 1821-1871- 50 Mexican presidents in office
• 1821-1848-almost all presidents overthrown
• Political factions: Centralists, Federalists,
• Mexican politics prevents consistent approach to problems with Texas Revolt
and Polk administration
Mexico’s 1824 Colonization Act
• Permitted foreign immigration into Southwest
• Plan intended to populate the region
• Develop the region economically
• Link the region with interior Mexico
• “Mexicanize the region”
• Buffer against American expansionism
Provisions of the 1824 act
• Immigrants Must:
• Adopt Mexican citizenship
• Be or become Catholics
• Obey Mexican laws
• Respect Mexican culture, customs and authority
Provisions, continued
• Economic incentives included:
• No taxes for up to seven years
• Purchase land in the following amounts:
• 640 acres per male
• 320 per female
• 160 per child
• 80 per slave
The Texas Revolt
A. Permission to settle:
Starting in 1821, Spain and then an Independent Mexico had granted permission to
Catholic (North) Americans to settle the sparsely populated territory of Texas.
B. Incentives for settlement:
Soon there was a great influx of Americans settlers into Texas. The land was practically
free--only 10¢ an acre as opposed to $1.25 an acre for inferior land in the U.S. Each male
colonists over twenty-one years of age was allowed to purchase 640 acres for himself, 320
acres for his wife, 160 acres for each child and, significantly, an additional 80 acres for
each slaves that he brought with him.
The numerical dominance of the American settlers:
1827: By 1827 there were some 12,000 United States citizens living in Texas, while there
were only 7,000 Mexicans.
1835: By 1835 the immigrant population had reached 30,000, while the Mexican population
had barely passed 7,800
The Mexican response to the influx of
Americans
1. Slavery was abolished:
The first important piece of legislation designed to prevent a further weakening of Mexican
control was President Guerrero's emancipation proclamation of 1829. Because slavery as
not important anywhere else in the republic, the measure was clearly directed at Texas.
Although manumission was not immediately enforced, it was hoped that the decree itself
would make Mexico less attractive to colonists from the U.S. South and would thus arrest
immigration.
2. Forbiddance of further immigration:
The colonization law of 1830 explicitly forbade all future immigration into Texas from the
United States and called for the strengthening of Mexican garrisons, the improvement of
economic ties between Texas and the remainder of Mexico by the establishment of a new
coastal trade, and the encouragement of increased Mexican colonization.
Texas Declaration of Independence
• 1835 document declaring independence from Mexico
• Outlines grievances against the Mexican government: lack
.
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
2. announcements
• Paper # 1 is due.
• Late papers will be penalized by lowered
grades.
• European Association for American Studies
conference at Ege U this weekend.
3. Constant desire for land
• Forced removal of Indians to take over their
land.
• Extension of slavery farther west.
• War with Mexico.
• Negotiation with Britain.
• “Manifest Destiny.”
• By 1853, continental US had reached its
present boundaries.
4.
5. Indian removal, 1830s
• Indian Removal Act, 1830 – funds to relocate
Indians from SE. Contradicted earlier law.
• Cherokees won 2 Supreme Court cases –
“domestic dependent nation.”
• “Five Civilized Tribes” forced off lands in SE to
Indian Territory (Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska).
• Cherokees, who had adopted white ways, forced
west in winter, 1838 – 1839. 7,000-man army
escort. ¼ of 16,000 died.
9. Mexican independence, 1821
• Mexico ended policies of New Spain: slavery &
racially discriminatory laws.
• Wanted to develop northern provinces.
• Invited Anglos to settle in Tejas, via empresarios,
Moses & Stephen Austin, 1821.
• Rapid settlement by southern whites with slaves,
extension of cotton economy. It was legal
settlement, unlike most westward expansion.
• Settlers required to become citizens of Mexico &
Catholics.
10. Americans in Texas
• Lived mostly in E, cotton plantations, slaves.
• Little contact with Tejanos or Indians.
• Defined selves as Americans & Protestants.
• Mexican government abolished slavery, restricted
American immigration, levied taxes, 1828.
• War, 1835. Battles of Alamo (San Antonio) & San
Jacinto.
• Mexico recognized independent Republic of
Texas, 1836.
12. Republic of Texas, 1836 - 1845
• Texas applied for
admission to US as
state, 1837.
• Rejected by Congress –
another slave state.
• Joined 1845, making 15
slave states, 13 free.
• Replica of first capitol of • Conflict with Mexicanos
Republic of Texas. & Indians.
13. • Americans claim Texas
was part of Louisiana
Purchase.
• Texans claim S & W
borders farther than
Mexico agrees.
16. President Polk, expansionist
• Unnecessary war?
• Polk sends army to
Texas, & naval squadron
to California, secretly.
• Attempts to buy S.
Texas, New Mexico, &
California from Mexico.
• US wins war with
capture of Mexico City.
• Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo, 1848.
21. Results of Mexican American War
• Residents able to choose Mexican or US
citizenship.
• Residents guaranteed rights as citizens – not
honored by states or US, re slavery, land-
owning, language, property.
• Mexico loses half its land.
• US grows enormously.
24. rapid growth of California
• Men converge on
California from around
world; 80% from US.
• Separate Californio/
Mexican culture along
coast, & miners inland.
• San Francisco major
city.
• California becomes a
state in 1850.
27. Oregon Territory/Pacific NW
• Claimed by Spain, Russia, Britain, US.
• Treaty of Ghent, 1814 (War of 1812)
• Adams-Onis Treaty, 1819 – Spanish claim to
42nd parallel.
• Hudson’s Bay Company (British) – fur trading
on Snake & Columbia Rivers.
• Negotiated with British for 49th
parallel as boundary, 1846.
28. Overland Trail to Oregon
• “Oregon fever.”
• Beginning 1840, settlers
arrive from mid-west.
• 7-months journey
overland.
• Ruts from wagon
wheels can still be seen
today.
• 300,000 to Oregon &
California by 1860.
29. Oregon Territory
• Oregon, Washington,
Idaho, parts of Montana
& Wyoming.
• Settlers in what
becomes state of
Oregon settle in
Willamette Valley.
30.
31. In 3 years US territory grows by 70%
• Politics changes.
• Whigs opposed Polk’s expansionism on anti-
slavery grounds.
• Wilmot Proviso, 1846 – ban slavery in all
territories acquired from Mexico – not passed.
• N & S wings of parties cannot agree.
• New parties: Liberty Party, Free Soil Party – no
extension of slavery.
• Sectional conflict increasing over slavery
extension.
32. announcements
• Paper # 1 is due.
• Late papers will be penalized by lowered
grades.
• European Association for American Studies
conference at Ege U this weekend.
33. reading for next week
• Sojourner Truth, 33 – 44.
• Grimke sisters, 64 – 75
• In American Women Activists’ Writings, ed.
Kathryn Cullen DuPont.
Editor's Notes
http://kindreda.edublogs.org/files/2011/03/blog-1pghgqk.jpg. In American Progress, a color print from about 1873, an allegorical female figure of America leads pioneers and railroads westward, in accordance with the concept of Manifest Destiny. The print was made after an 1872 painting by John Gast.
http://www.texasescapes.com/TexasGulfCoastTowns/WestColumbiaTexas/WestColumbiaTexasFirstCapitolReplica707KRdine.jpg. replica of the First Capitol of The Republic of Texas in West Columbia.
http://media.web.britannica.com/eb-media/24/110024-004-B8B1B0D3.jpghttp://openroadtoursusa.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/02/SANXAVIERMISSION_AOT.jpg – built 1776 - 1797, San Xavier del Bac, Tucson.