The document describes different methods for incorporating outside information into writing, including quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing. It defines quoting as using the exact words of the author, while paraphrasing is rewriting the information in one's own words. Summarizing involves condensing longer passages into a shorter overview while maintaining the key points. The document provides guidance on formatting, citing sources, and avoiding plagiarism for each method.
http://www.paraphraseexample.com A lot of people can be confused about the difference of paraphrase and summary. This presentation will show you the difference from paraphrasing and summarizing.
Paraphrasing is a restatement of the meaning of a text using other words (instead of original words) Summarizing means taking the main ideas from a text and rewriting them in your own words in a brief manner.
Quotation, paraphrasing and summarizing HawaYusuf1
you will learn this presentation how to use professional academic writing skills and how to quote, rephrase and summarize literatures or journals as well as to avoid plagiarism
Any student in a high level institution will be usually required to write a variety of dissertations, papers and essays throughout the whole period of their studies.
These writing tasks and assignments will cover a myriad of goals, objectives and purposes.
This free teaching resource is from Innovative Teaching Resources. You can access hundreds of their excellent resources here. https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Innovative-Teaching-Ideas
http://www.paraphraseexample.com A lot of people can be confused about the difference of paraphrase and summary. This presentation will show you the difference from paraphrasing and summarizing.
Paraphrasing is a restatement of the meaning of a text using other words (instead of original words) Summarizing means taking the main ideas from a text and rewriting them in your own words in a brief manner.
Quotation, paraphrasing and summarizing HawaYusuf1
you will learn this presentation how to use professional academic writing skills and how to quote, rephrase and summarize literatures or journals as well as to avoid plagiarism
Any student in a high level institution will be usually required to write a variety of dissertations, papers and essays throughout the whole period of their studies.
These writing tasks and assignments will cover a myriad of goals, objectives and purposes.
This free teaching resource is from Innovative Teaching Resources. You can access hundreds of their excellent resources here. https://www.teacherspayteachers.com/Store/Innovative-Teaching-Ideas
SPC 2608 Rhetorical Analysis Paper GuidelinesPurpose The goal.docxwilliame8
SPC 2608 Rhetorical Analysis Paper Guidelines
Purpose: The goal of this paper is to apply the concepts you have learned throughout this course to a historical speech.
Task: Select one speech from the following list and write a 3-4—page report analyzing the speech. Your report should be double spaced, adhere to APA style, and address each category listed below.
Speech options: Choose one of the top 100 speeches to evaluate from Americanrhetoric.com: https://www.americanrhetoric.com/top100speechesall.html
Your analysis should address the following categories:
· Organization: Analyze the organization of the speech. Does the speaker’s introduction and conclusion include the necessary elements, such as an attention getter, thesis, preview/review of main points, and concluding statement/call to action? What organizational pattern is used? Could the speaker have selected a more appropriate organizational pattern? Does the speaker use transitions? Are the main points clear and do they have enough supporting material? How could the speaker improve the organization of the speech? Explain your answers.
· Content: Analyze the speaker’s use of persuasion. What type of argument/reasoning does the speaker use? Does the speaker use logos, ethos, and/or pathos? How? Does the speech contain any logical fallacies? What is the goal of this speech? Does the speaker achieve the goal? How could the speaker improve the use of persuasive elements? Explain your answers.
· Vocal Delivery: Analyze the speaker’s vocal aspects of delivery. Does the speaker use proper paralinguistics? Does the speaker pause appropriately? Also, is the speech free from vocal fillers? Are words articulated and pronounced correctly? How could the speaker improve vocal aspects of delivery? Explain your answers
· Physical Delivery:Analyze the speaker’s physical aspects of delivery. Does the speaker use proper kinesics? How does the speaker use posture, gestures, illustrators, and emblems? Does the speaker have good posture and eye contact? What facial expressions are used? How could the speaker improve physical aspects of delivery? Explain your answers.
· Writing: Your paper should be at least 3 pages, double spaced, not including your heading. Your writing should be clear, concise, and easy to understand, and should be free from grammatical and syntactical errors. You should include an introduction, conclusion, and transitions in your paper. Cite sources using APA style if you use any outside resources.
A successful student will:
· Clearly and thoroughly address all parts of the paper guidelines.
· Show understanding of course concepts and apply them to the historical speech.
· Cite sources using APA style where applicable.
· Meet the minimum page length requirement.
· Use clear and concise writing that is easy to understand and is free from errors.
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CHAPTER 6
Using Sources Effectively
The abilities to find and document sources and to develop an argument about or
interpretation of them have many applications in school and on the job. The genres of
researched writing used in academic disciplines include the argumentative research
paper (often called a term paper), the proposal, the annotated bibliography, the book
review, the literature review, the personal research report (often called an "I-Search"
paper, the name given to it by Ken Macrorie, an early advocate of this genre). You may be
asked to a build a Web site based on library research. You may be asked to simply report
on your research, or to use it as a starting point for experimentation or observation in the
laboratory or on field observations. Usually oral presentations and the visuals that sup-
port them are rooted in extensive research. Research reports in the sciences (lab reports)
and social sciences, although their formats differ from papers in the humanities, usually
begin with a review of the previous research that led to the hypothesis currently under
investigation. All these genres of researched writing involve similar strategies for find-
ing and evaluating sources, taking notes, and using quotations, summaries, and para-
phrases skillfully. However, when and how sources are used and how they are cited vary
for different kinds of writing and from field to field. Thus, these general information
literacy and research writing skills must be adapted to meet discipline-specific expecta-
tions for format, style, and means of presentation in specific academic fields.
SKILLS FOR ACADEMIC INQUIRY: QUOTATION,
PARAPHRASE, SUMMARY, AND SYNTHESIS
There are four basic means for using sources when writing researched papers and reports:
quotation, paraphrase, summary, and synthesis. These techniques help writers progress
from taking notes to drafting. It is always necessary to cite sources as you use them and to
consistently distinguish between your own words and ideas and those of your sources.
1. Quotations are exact repetitions of a writer's work. Quotations are less often used
in disciplines that use APA (American Psychological Association) style than those
who use MLA (Modern Language Association) style because arguments in most
101
102 Chapter 6 • Using Sources Effectively
disciplines that use APA depend more on summary and synthesis of previous
research than on close analysis of texts.
2. Paraphrases are restatements of the writer's ideas in your own words, following
the source closely in the order in which an argument is developed or evidence is
laid out. Paraphrases must be clearly identified as such, by direct attribution to the
author, because they can be mistaken for your own thinking.
3. Summaries give an overall representation of a writer's argument or part of one,
and also must ...
Joining the ConversationIn college writing, it is important that.docxjesssueann
Joining the Conversation
In college writing, it is important that you can express yourself clearly and concisely. However, it is often not enough to simply explain what you're thinking. It is often necessary to explain how your ideas and arguments relate to the ideas and arguments offered by other writers. In other words, writing is a type of conversation, and in this lesson, you will begin learning how to join that conversation.
Student Learning Outcomes addressed in this unit:
Write in a style appropriate to audience and purpose
Demonstrate knowledge of indivdual and collaborative writing processes
Develop ideas with appropriate support and attribution
Use Edited American English in academic essays
Read, reflect and respond critically to a variety of texts
Vocabulary for Unit 3
These are the vocabulary words for this unit. Remember to incorporate them into your Discussion Board in this unit.
Conviction Impression Misconception Perspective
Profound Inherent Inveterate Amenable
Impinge Subversion Aesthetic
Lesson: Active Reading
When you participate in a conversation with a group of people, you must first listen to what the group is saying and understand their ideas and opinions before you can put in your own two cents. A written conversation works much the same way. Before writing about or responding to any text, you must begin by reading carefully and actively. This lesson introduces you to those skills.
Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing
For many writing assignments, you will be required to use source material in your essays. Using source material can strengthen your writing because it shows that you have found evidence to support your main points from other writers. There are several different ways to incorporate source material into your writing: quoting, paraphrasing, summarizing, and a combination of any or all of the above.
When Should You Quote, Paraphrase, or Summarize?
Whether you decide to use quotations, paraphrases, or summaries depends on a number of different factors. Here are some suggestions for how to decide which to use:
You should include
quotations
when
The author’s credentials will give your paper credibility
It is worded in a powerful, poignant way
The wording is very technical and difficult to translate
You should include
paraphrases
when
The source material is important but the wording is not (like facts and statistics)
The writer is not an expert in the field that would give your paper more credibility
You should include
summaries
when
The overall argument or main ideas are important but the details are not
The source materials needs to be shorter than the original
How do I quote, paraphrase, and summarize?
Steps for Quoting
Make a Quotation Sandwich
Start with an introduction to the quote saying who says it and giving the author’s credentials.
Give the quote. Don’t ...
A minimum of 200 words each question and References (questions #1-.docxsleeperharwell
A minimum of 200 words each question and References (questions #1-4) KEEP QUESTION WITH ANSWER EACH QUESTIONS NEED TO HAVE A SCHOLARY SOURCE
1) Discuss the implications of the acceptance of the biopsychosocial model over the biomedical model. What is the role played by age, ethnicity, and SES?
2) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of placebos. What potential moral dilemma arises from their usage?
3) What is meant by improving patient adherence? Can health-related theories in psychology be used to predict who will and who will not adhere to medical advice? Why or why not?
4) Compare and contrast illness behavior with sick role behavior. Why are they different?
Communicating professionally and ethically is one of the
essential skill sets we can teach you at Strayer. The following
guidelines will ensure:
· Your writing is professional
· You avoid plagiarizing others, which is essential to writing ethically
· You give credit to others in your work
Visit Strayer’s Academic Integrity Center for more information.
Winter 2019
https://pslogin.strayer.edu/?dest=academic-support/academic-integrity-center
Strayer University Writing Standards 2
� Include page numbers.
� Use 1-inch margins.
� Use Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, or Calibri font style.
� Use 10-, 11-, or 12-point font size for the body of your text.
� Use numerals (1, 2, 3, and so on) or spell out numbers (one, two, three, and so on).
Be consistent with your choice throughout the assignment.
� Use either single or double spacing, according to assignment guidelines.
� If assignment requires a title page:
· Include the assignment title, your name, course title, your professor’s name, and the
date of submission on a separate page.
� If assignment does not require a title page (stated in the assignment details):
a. Include all required content in a header at the top of your document.
or b. Include all required content where appropriate for assignment format.
Examples of appropriate places per assignment: letterhead of a business letter
assignment or a title slide for a PowerPoint presentation.
� Use appropriate language and be concise.
� Write in active voice when possible. Find tips here.
� Use the point of view (first, second, or third person) required by the assignment
guidelines.
� Use spelling and grammar check and proofread to help ensure your work is error free.
� Use credible sources to support your ideas/work. Find tips here.
� Cite your sources throughout your work when you borrow someone else’s words or ideas.
Give credit to the authors.
� Look for a permalink tool for a webpage when possible (especially when an electronic
source requires logging in like the Strayer Library). Find tips here.
� Add each cited source to the Source List at the end of your assignment. (See the Giving
Credit to Authors and Sources section for more details.)
� Don’t forget to cite and add your textbook to the Source L.
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2. Lesson Outline
Describe the difference between quoting, paraphrasing and
summarizing
Understand how to present a quotation
Describe the steps involved in paraphrasing and summarizing
Know how to avoid plagiarism
Resource: UNE Academic Skills Online @
LMS
3. Direct Quotations
When you use a direct quote, you copy and reference the exact word/s of the
author into your writing. A direct quote may be:
• One word
• A phrase or part of a sentence
• A sentence
• A group of sentences
Rules for direct quotations
• Use to support your argument
• Use sparingly
• Write word for word
• Distinguish from your own words
• Reference the source
• Give an explanation for its relevance
For ALL quotes:
• Use the exact words of the author
• Make sure your quotation blends with the sentence
• Use strong or weak author to acknowledge the source
• Use reporting words or phrases to integrate the quote into your writing
• Reference your source of information
4. Direct Quotations
It takes practice and experience for students to learn how to use direct quotes effectively in
their writing. According to Princeton Writing Centre (2009), direct quotes should only be used
to provide support for academic argument for a “compelling” reason and that the choice to
quote may be because “you want your readers to be able to see, in full, what someone else
has said” (PWC, 2009, p.7). Students often misunderstand the role of quotes in writing and
overdo the strategy.
Students include four quotations where one would do. This can give the impression that
you don't have enough to say and are using quotations to take up space [a common
strategy for some students]. Also, the excessive use of quotes ... may be taken to
indicate that you don't understand the position well enough to explain it in your own
words (Dartmouth, 2008, p.27).
Moreover, there are a number of technical rules that students need to learn to use quotations
correctly in their writing, such as formatting, punctuation, verb tense and adding emphasis.
Students, then, require information and training to assist them to use quotations
appropriately and correctly in the academic writing. (188 words)
5. Short Quotations
Short quotes are from one word to about 40 words.
•Follow these conventions:
•use double quotation marks "..."
•include the quote in the text by using reporting
words
Example
According to Princeton Writing Centre (2009), direct quotes should only
be used to provide support for academic argument for “compelling”
(one word) reason and the choice to quote may be because “you want
your readers to be able to see, in full, what someone else has said”
(PWC, 2009, p.7) (16 words) before you go on to analyze the statement.
6. Long Quotations
Long quotes are more than 40 words OR three typed lines.
• Follow these conventions:
• leave no space above and below the long quote
• make the text size the same as the essay text size
• indent approximately one centimetre to the right
• do NOT use quotation marks
Example
Students often misunderstand the role of quotations in writing and overdo the strategy:
Students include four quotations where one would do. This can give the impression
that you don't have enough to say and are using quotations to take up space [a
common strategy for some students]. Also, the excessive use of quotes ... may be
taken to indicate that you don't understand the position well enough to explain it in
your own words (Dartmouth, 2008, p.27). (61 words)
Moreover, there are a number of technical rules that students need to learn to use
quotations correctly in their writing.
7. Modifying Quotations
Making a change Correct convention
Leaving out some words (because
you may not need all of the words
in the middle of the quote)
Use an ellipsis signal (three dots ... ).
Leave a space either side of the 3
dots
Changing the capitalisation of a
letter
Use square brackets [ ] around the
letter
Adding words to the quote (without
changing the meaning)
Use square brackets [ ] around the
added words
The following table gives you a few of the most common rules for
modifying the words of authors in a direct quote:
8. Modifying Quotations
[S]tudents include four quotations where one would do. This
can give the impression that you don’t have enough to say
and are using quotations to take up space [a common
strategy for some students]. Also, the excessive use of
quotes... may be taken to indicate that you don’t
understand the position well enough to explain it in your own
words (Dartmouth, 2008, p.11).
[S]tudents include four quotations where one would do. This can give the impression
that you don’t have enough to say and are using quotations to take up space [a
common strategy for some students]. Also, the excessive use of quotes... may be
taken to indicate that you don’t understand the position well enough to explain it in
your own words (Dartmouth, 2008, p.11).
Shows a capital letter has been
added to the original text.
Shows a comment has been
added to the original text.
Shows some words have been
left out of the original text.
9. Direct Quotations
Don't do this!
•Don't DUMP information into your paragraph. Blend the words
of the author with your own words.
•Don't use TOO MANY direct quotes in your writing (e.g. 2-3
long quotes and 4-5 short quotes is enough in a 2000 word
essay). The lecturers prefer to see paraphrasing - writing
quotes in your own words).
•Don't change a couple of words from a direct quote and think
that it is a paraphrase - either use the exact words or change
the words of the author significantly so that it is a correct
paraphrase.
10. Paraphrasing
To paraphrase is to rewrite something 'in your own words'.
•Lecturers like to see you using paraphrasing in your writing
because it demonstrates what you know and understand
about their subject (because it is in your own words).
•Most of your academic reading texts are made up of
paraphrases. Any information in a paragraph that does not
have quotation marks and is referenced is either a
paraphrase or a summary.
11. Paraphrasing
Students often experience difficulties writing acceptable paraphrases. In
their studies of student essay writing problems, Brown and Smith (2006)
observe that the most common paraphrasing error made by students was
that they only changed a few of the writer’s words. They also noted that
this practice was a particular problem with internet users who copied and
pasted information from web sites. Even if this paraphrased text is
referenced, it is not an acceptable practice as the words and sentences are
also almost the same as the original text (Johnson & Jackson, 2006).
Therefore students who lack mastery in paraphrasing may experience
problems with avoiding plagiarism. (106 words)
12. Paraphrasing
Successful paraphrasing depends on the writer’s ability to rephrase the original
author’s words into their own, but also maintain the same meaning.
Two simple ways of rephrasing are to use synonyms and the passive voice.
• A) A group of US researchers has carried out trials on a new
vaccine.
• B) An unhealthy lifestyle can be the cause of many diseases.
Examples of
original text:
• A) A team of American scientists has conducted tests on a new
vaccine.
• B) An unhealthy way of living can result in a multitude of
illnesses.
Using
synonyms:
• A) Trials on a new vaccine were carried out by a group of US
researchers.
• B) Many diseases can be caused by an unhealthy lifestyle.
Using passive
voice:
• A) Tests on a new vaccine were conducted by a team of
American scientists.
• B) A multitude of illnesses can be caused by an unhealthy way
of living.
Using both
synonyms
and passive
voice:
13. Paraphrasing
Practice paraphrasing these sentences in your own words by using
synonyms and/or passive voice.
1. We need more proof that active learning really works.
Additional evidence is required to show the benefits of active
learning.
2. They will build a huge medical center on the old site in the near future.
A large hospital will soon be constructed in the former location.
3. The organizers cancelled the talk because the main speaker was ill.
The key presenter had taken ill, which resulted in the speech being
cancelled by the event planners.
14. Paraphrasing
For ALL paraphrases:
• Keep the meaning the same as the original
writing
• Change most of the words except for
technical terms
• Restructure the sentence patterns
• Blend with the sentence (use reporting
words)
• Use strong/weak author to acknowledge the
source
• Reference the source/s of information
15. Paraphrasing
Don't do this!
• Don't just change a couple of words from your information source and
think that it is an acceptable paraphrase—adding a reference makes no
difference! Either use a direct quote (the author's EXACT words) or change
the words of the author significantly so that it is a correct paraphrase.
• Don't just switch around sentence parts from your information source and
add a reference, then think that it is an acceptable paraphrase—adding
a reference makes no difference! Either use a direct quote (the author's
EXACT words) or change the sentences significantly so that it a correct
paraphrase.
• Avoid patchworking (cutting and pasting and copying bits of information
from a variety of sources and connecting it all together in a paragraph,
usually without references). It is a GOOD strategy to use information from
different sources in a paragraph but you must paraphrase and reference
each and every piece of evidence correctly.
16. Summarizing
Summaries of material may be used to give an overview of an
author’s work.
• Because they are very brief outlines of arguments made, they
are very useful when you want to indicate the support given for
and/or against some position you are taking in your argument.
• In your writing you may make a summary from:
• one or more paragraphs
• an entire article, chapter or complete work
• a combination of readings with similar ideas
• You can get an idea from your reading as to whether an author
has used a direct quote, paraphrase or summary to support
their argument.
18. Summarizing
For ALL summaries:
• Keep the meaning and degree of certainty
the same as the original writing
• Put the main idea and key points into your
own words
• Expect that length of your summary will be
very short compared to the original writing
• Blend with the sentence (use reporting words)
• Use strong/weak author to acknowledge the
source
• Reference the source/s of information
19. Summarizing
Don't do this!
• Don't sacrifice CLARITY (clear writing) by clogging your writing
up with too many details. You need to get to the essence of
what the writer has to say in as few words as possible.
• Don't do a one-off summary. You need to have several tries at a
good summary. Keep checking against the original to ensure
that you have maintained the message and captured the
surety of the writer (how committed the writer is to their
opinion).
20. Lesson Review
Describe the difference between quoting, paraphrasing and
summarizing
Understand how to present a quotation
Describe the steps involved in paraphrasing and summarizing
Know how to avoid plagiarism
Resource: UNE Academic Skills Online @
LMS