This document provides an agenda and instructions for an English 202 class on March 31st, 2010. It addresses topics like conducting research, writing literature reviews, integrating quotes, and avoiding plagiarism. Students are assigned to continue collecting data for their social action research projects. They are also to bring literature reviews for feedback and tutoring on MLA/APA style at the writing center. A book discussion on "Covering" is scheduled for the next class.
Quotation, paraphrasing and summarizing HawaYusuf1
you will learn this presentation how to use professional academic writing skills and how to quote, rephrase and summarize literatures or journals as well as to avoid plagiarism
Trata de dos amigos que se quieren mucho .pero por causa del destino se tienen que separar ya que uno muere encantado en un bosque tenebroso y el otro aun se mantiene con vida.
Quotation, paraphrasing and summarizing HawaYusuf1
you will learn this presentation how to use professional academic writing skills and how to quote, rephrase and summarize literatures or journals as well as to avoid plagiarism
Trata de dos amigos que se quieren mucho .pero por causa del destino se tienen que separar ya que uno muere encantado en un bosque tenebroso y el otro aun se mantiene con vida.
Perda Kab. Padang Pariaman Nomor 16 tahun 2004 tentang Perubahan Atas Perda Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Nomor 10 Tahun 2000 Tentang Retribusi Pelayanan Kesehatan
Perda Kab. Padang Pariaman No 13 tahun 2004 tentang Laporan Keterangan Pertanggung Jawaban Dan Perhitungan Anggaran Pendapatan Dan Belanja Daerah Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Tahun Anggaran 2003
it will help to the students who are unknown how to avoid plagiarism..by study this.it will be very helpful
.if u have any queries u can message me..hope i wil reply your answer .
thanks
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CHAPTER 6
Using Sources Effectively
The abilities to find and document sources and to develop an argument about or
interpretation of them have many applications in school and on the job. The genres of
researched writing used in academic disciplines include the argumentative research
paper (often called a term paper), the proposal, the annotated bibliography, the book
review, the literature review, the personal research report (often called an "I-Search"
paper, the name given to it by Ken Macrorie, an early advocate of this genre). You may be
asked to a build a Web site based on library research. You may be asked to simply report
on your research, or to use it as a starting point for experimentation or observation in the
laboratory or on field observations. Usually oral presentations and the visuals that sup-
port them are rooted in extensive research. Research reports in the sciences (lab reports)
and social sciences, although their formats differ from papers in the humanities, usually
begin with a review of the previous research that led to the hypothesis currently under
investigation. All these genres of researched writing involve similar strategies for find-
ing and evaluating sources, taking notes, and using quotations, summaries, and para-
phrases skillfully. However, when and how sources are used and how they are cited vary
for different kinds of writing and from field to field. Thus, these general information
literacy and research writing skills must be adapted to meet discipline-specific expecta-
tions for format, style, and means of presentation in specific academic fields.
SKILLS FOR ACADEMIC INQUIRY: QUOTATION,
PARAPHRASE, SUMMARY, AND SYNTHESIS
There are four basic means for using sources when writing researched papers and reports:
quotation, paraphrase, summary, and synthesis. These techniques help writers progress
from taking notes to drafting. It is always necessary to cite sources as you use them and to
consistently distinguish between your own words and ideas and those of your sources.
1. Quotations are exact repetitions of a writer's work. Quotations are less often used
in disciplines that use APA (American Psychological Association) style than those
who use MLA (Modern Language Association) style because arguments in most
101
102 Chapter 6 • Using Sources Effectively
disciplines that use APA depend more on summary and synthesis of previous
research than on close analysis of texts.
2. Paraphrases are restatements of the writer's ideas in your own words, following
the source closely in the order in which an argument is developed or evidence is
laid out. Paraphrases must be clearly identified as such, by direct attribution to the
author, because they can be mistaken for your own thinking.
3. Summaries give an overall representation of a writer's argument or part of one,
and also must ...
This presentation provides the basic understanding and guidelines in Quoting and Paraphrasing the literatures for its integration into our research papers. This will help us to avoid committing plagiarism in our work. It also provides how to quote and paraphrase information and ideas from various type of sources.
For more on this topic, see my Youtube Channel: https://youtu.be/Bq7BAtHs7gE
1
AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION
APA
GUIDE TO WRITING RESEARCH
PAPERS
How to Write a Research Paper
MONROE COLLEGE LIBRARY
Revised Sixth Edition
2
Glossary
Citation is the proper format of your sources information that belong on your Reference
page.
et al: In Latin means “and others” it’s used especially in referring to academic books or
articles that have more than one author.
Hanging Indent: All lines after the first line of each citation on your reference page should
be indented one-half inch from the left margin.
An in-text citation provides the information (quote/paraphrase) from a source in the body
of your paper.
Paraphrase: Where you rewrite part or all of someone else’s idea/information in your own
words.
Quote: If you copy word for word (verbatim) information from a source you must put the
information in “ ” (quotation marks).
A Reference(s) page is the last page of your paper where all the sources you have cited in
your paper are listed.
A source is the book/article/etc. you have used to help create your paper.
URL: Uniform (or Universal) Resource Locator is the address of the web page.
A Webpage is a single page that contains information on a topic.
A Website has a number of webpages that are connected by links.
A research paper requires time spent investigating and evaluating sources with the intent to offer
interpretations of the texts and a unique perspective on the topic at hand. It is the final product of the
following:
Research
Source evaluation
Critical thinking
Organization
Composition
Avoiding plagiarism
RESEARCH
Primary Sources are:
Diaries and autobiographies
Letters, historical documents, speeches and oral histories
Eye-witness accounts from newspapers
Raw data from questionnaires or interviews
Observations or experiments
Secondary Sources are:
Criticism
Biographies
Historical Analysis
Articles and case studies
3
SOURCE EVALUATION
Is the source useful?
Is it current?
Is it from a well-respected source?
Is the research up to date?
Take notes:
Summarize briefly restate in your own words the main ideas of the passage or article.
Paraphrase restate in your own word, in detail, the key ideas of the source.
Quoting use the source’s unique words surrounded by quote marks, “ ”, and record the source
and page.
Note down the information you will need for the MLA/APA citation.
Assemble a working bibliography: start a list of your sources that includes the title, author,
publication information and date for each source.
CRITICAL THINKING
Evaluate and interpret the ideas explored in sources and convey ideas of your own.
Synthesize sources: make sense of your sources by integrating information from two or more
sources to show how the ideas are similar or different.
Fine-tune your thesis or topic.
ORGANIZATIO.
.Reading Source IntegrationWhen you begin drafting your pap.docxboadverna
.
Reading: Source Integration
When you begin drafting your paper, you will be using information from your sources as evidence to support your points. However, there are multiple ways to integrate that information into your writing, and some of those methods are more appropriate than others in particular circumstances. In what follows, we'll discuss methods of source integration including quotation and summary.
Guidelines for Quotations
When you quote a source, you use the exact words and phrases your source used to convey information. Plagiarism* occurs when quotes are not attributed to the appropriate sources, so it is important that you keep careful notes so that you don't unintentionally represent someone else's work or ideas as your own. Overquotating can also be problematic. This happens when writers rely too heavily on quotations. Over quoting can result in stilted writing where the author contributes too little. Ultimately, you will want to balance quotations with summaries.
The following graphic reviews tips for successfully integrating quotation into your writing
The following graphic reviews tips for successfully integrating quotation into your writing.
1: Use quotations only when the specific words or phrases employed by the source are necessary to support the point you are making.
2: Never quote anything you don't fully understand.
3: Make quotes as short as possible by eliminating anything that isn't absolutely necessary. Place ellipses (. . .) in the text where you removed words or sentences from the original source. Example: "The mechanization of Charlie's body . . . is vividly dramatized in the film by his continuing to use his wrenches on objects other than those he is supposed to."
4: Provide context for your quotes. Don't assume the reader will know when and why your source said what they did. In the text surrounding the quote, provide information about the context in which the original quote took place as well as information about how you take the quote to support your point or project.
5: Always quote directly from what the source said. To make changes within a quote so that the quote fits grammatically with the rest of the sentence, place brackets ([ ]) around the altered material. Example: The witness testified "[the defendant] was engaged in the hit-and-run accident."
6: Mix quoted material with your own writing. Never present an entire quoted sentence without any introductory qualifying, or contextualizing information. Example: According to the anthropologist Brian Hoey, the purpose of ethnographies is "to provide a detailed, in-depth description of everyday life and practice."
Introduction to Summarizing: Why Summarize?
Students are often tempted to draw quotations* from their research sources to support points they want to make. Well-chosen quotations from respected authorities can indeed be valuable evidence; however, too many quotations break up the flow of your writing, so you should use t ...
2. An event: Wrong Place, Wrong Time: Trauma and Violence in the Lives of Young Black Men”presented by Dr. John A. Rich, M.D., M.P.H, MacArthur Grant recipient, author, and professor in the Drexel University School of Public Health Tuesday, April 6, 2010 at 7:00 p.m. in the Eberly Auditorium Going over literature reviews. Quoting, summarizing, paraphrasing (OWL’s Writing lab) Blogging and I-SEARCH. Writing at the University Chapter 6 and 8 Assignments Agenda
3. Do not leave your quotes alone (orphan quotes). Always, integrate them into your writing. Check the quotations against the original texts for accuracy. Make sure that your voice is distinct from those in your sources. If you have copied phrases of more than two words from the original, put them in quotation marks or change them into your own words Paste your “References” or “Works Cited” list to the end of your social action research projects. Make sure you use every item in your reference list. Remember that you need at least 9-10 sources. Global Feedback about your Quotations
4. In conclusion, these students are not receiving the educational opportunities that they need to succeed or learn. Be specific with your pronouns
5. According to Peter Singer, a professor at Princeton University, “people buying organic food want to avoid unnecessary risks, and they believe that more natural methods of producing food are likely to be healthier.” For direct quotations, Include page numbers .
6. Make sure that you have scholarly articles It is not acceptable to base all of your review on online sources Make sure that you include page numbers if you do direct quotations. Do not leave quotations alone. Sources
7. Quotations must be identical to the original, using a narrow segment of the source. They must match the source document word for word and must be attributed to the original author. Include exact page numbers. Paraphrasing involves putting a passage from source material into your own words. Here you can use first personal pronoun “I” A paraphrase must also be attributed to the original source. Paraphrased material is usually shorter than the original passage, taking a somewhat broader segment of the source and condensing it slightly. No need to include the page number, but include the name of the author, and the date of the publication. Summarizing involves putting the main idea(s) into your own words, including only the main point(s). Once again, it is necessary to attribute summarized ideas to the original source. Summaries are significantly shorter than the original and take a broad overview of the source material. You need to include summaries of each resource. DO NOT COPY WORD BY WORD. IF YOU DO COPY WORD BY WORD AND DO NOT GIVE CREDIT TO THE AUTHORS, IT IS CONSIDERED AS “PLAGIARISM” Adapted from : http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/563/01/ Differences among quotations, paraphrasing and sumamrizing
8. Provide support for claims or add credibility to your writing Refer to work that leads up to the work you are now doing Call attention to a position that you wish to agree or disagree with Highlight a particularly striking phrase, sentence, or passage by quoting the original. There needs to be a good reason that you’re citing a particular sentence. Distance yourself from the original by quoting it in order to cue readers that the words are not your own Expand the breadth or depth of your writing Why do we use quotations and summaries?
9. Reread the original passage until you understand its full meaning. Set the original aside, and write your paraphrase on a note card. Jot down a few words below your paraphrase to remind you later how you envision using this material. At the top of the note card, write a key word or phrase to indicate the subject of your paraphrase. Check your rendition with the original to make sure that your version accurately expresses all the essential information in a new form. Use quotation marks to identify any unique term or phraseology you have borrowed exactly from the source. Record the source (including the page) on your note card so that you can credit it easily if you decide to incorporate the material into your paper. 6 Steps to Effective Paraphrasing
10. Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. Paraphrase this original passage:
11. In research papers students often quote excessively, failing to keep quoted material down to a desirable level. Since the problem usually originates during note taking, it is essential to minimize the material recorded verbatim (Lester 46-47). A legitimate paraphrase:
12. Students should take just a few notes in direct quotation from sources to help minimize the amount of quoted material in a research paper (Lester 46-47). An acceptable summary:
13. Students often use too many direct quotations when they take notes, resulting in too many of them in the final research paper. In fact, probably only about 10% of the final copy should consist of directly quoted material. So it is important to limit the amount of source material copied while taking notes. (This is the original version) Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes. Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47. A plagiarized version:
15. In this BLOG entry, you are going to reflect on your research experiences from the day you began searching your research questions until now (data collection). This is a personal narrative that describes the process of your research with a focus on the way your understanding of the problem and you social action research developed. Tell the story of your research: What did you do to find this topic? Why is it important to you? What type of sources did you find? How did your views change after reading sources? What type of research methodology are you using to investigate your social action project? What rewards and challenges have you encountered so far? I-SERACH: Blogging on your research process
16. Activity 33: Writing from a personal perspective Activity34: The writer’s place in personal academic writing. Writing at the university
17. Continue your data collection Bring your literature reviews with you (both the electronic versions and the feedback you received from me). We will meet at the writing center on Wednesday for MLA/APA tutoring. You will also have a chance to work with a tutor to go over your literature reviews. Book Discussion for next week: Covering(INTRO AND CH.1). Go to e-reserve to access the readings. Password: selengl202 Assignments