This document provides information about parallel structures in grammar. It defines parallelism as similarities in grammatical form within or between sentences. The document then discusses the different types of parallel structures, including single words, phrases, and clauses. Examples are provided for each type. Later, the document covers other uses of parallel structures, such as in comparisons, lists, tables of contents, and resumes. Practice exercises are included for students to identify and construct parallel structures.

1. PARALLEL
STRUCTURES

2. hello!
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3. oBJECTIVES
At the end of the lesson, you are expected to learn the
following;
• Define parallelism or parallel structure in grammar
• Identify the types of parallel structure
• Use parallel structure in constructing a sentences
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4. 1.
parallel structure
Let’s start with the first set of slides
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5. “
Parallelism or parallel structure is defined as the
state of being alike, aligned, or corresponding in some
way. In grammar, parallelism is a similarity of
grammatical form for similar meaning elements
within a sentence or among sentences.
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6. PARALLEL LINES
1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,
A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J,
1,B,2,3,A,4,5,6,7,C,
A,B,C,1,D,3,E,2,F,4
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7. Spot the odd one out
Parallelism also works that way let’s find out how….
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8. What I know!
Directions: Read and understand the given sentences below and identify which sentence in
each item is correct in structure. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer
on a separate sheet of paper.
1. a. Romeo likes cooking, jogging, and to read.
b. Romeo likes cooking, jogging, and reading.
2. a. She likes baseball and running. b. She likes to play baseball and
to run.
3. a. The horse ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and rushed down the alley.
b. The horse ran across the yard, jumped over the fence, and rushed away.
4. a. I study on Tuesdays, Wednesdays, and Thursdays.
b. I study on Tuesdays, Wednesdays and on a Thursday.
5. a. Diane can paint cars, motorbikes, and buses very well.
b. Diane can paint cars, a motorbike, and trains very well.
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9. What I know!
6. a. Susan, and Ellaine are coming to dinner.
b. Susan and Ellaine are coming to dinner.
7. a. My granny is extremely kind and generous.
b. My granny is extremely kind, and generous.
8. a. Daisy spoke angrily and bitterly about her wrong assignment.
b. Daisy spoke angrily, bitterly about her wrong assignment.
9. a. My mother will leave at ten and arrive at twelve.
b. My mother will leave at ten, and will arrive at twelve.
10. a. Edgar opened the door. Edgar greeted his father.
b. Edgar opened the door and greeted his father.
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10. USING PARALLEL STRUCTURES
Parallel structures appears in all forms of wring– on
table of contents, on topic sentences of related
paragraphs, on a series within a sentence, on list, etc.
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11. TYPE OF PARALLEL STRUCTURES
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12. SINGLE WORDS
▸ NOUNS
▸ VERBS
▸ ADJECTIVES
▸ ADVERBS
▸ GERUNDS
PHRASES
▸ NOUN PHRASES
▸ VERB PHRASES
▸ ADVERBIALPHRASES
▸ GERUND PHRASES
▸ INFINITIVE PHRASES
CLAUSES
▸ NOUN CLAUSES
▸ ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
▸ ADVERB CLAUSES
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Parallelism can also be used in comparison, list or
series, table of contents and, preparing resume.

13. 1. Single words
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14. 1. SINGLE WORDS
 NOUN
Drixe eats fish and chicken.
Chenile writes poetry and stories.
 VERBS
Our neighbors moved and sold their house.
Dinese walks or rides her bike to work.
 ADJECTIVES
The class are not only kind but also helpful.
Rona is not only pretty but also intelligent.
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15. 1. SINGLE WORDS
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 ADVERBS
Aron drives his car quickly and aggressively.
Avrin hired carpenters who work carefully and effectively.
 GERUNDS
Aries likes swimming, dancing, and boxing.

16. ii. phrases
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17. II. PHRASES
 NOUN PHRASES
A restful sleep is as important as regular exercise.
Fresh fruits are as nutritious as green, leafy vegetables.
 VERB PHRASES
As soon as I arrived home, I took my bicycle and went for a
ride.
Before Jake takes a bath, he usually cleans his ears and
massage his face.
 ADVERBIAL PHRASES
 They are done undoubtedly in a less than a minute and surely
in time for the deadline.
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18. II. Phrases
 GERUND PHRASES
Don enjoys playing mobile legends and playing call of duty.
Janine loved reading wattpad stories and watching K-dramas.
 INFINITIVE PHRASES
Ike likes to swim at night and (to) jog in the morning.
Gabriel worked hard to fulfill his dreams and (to) help his
parents.
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19. PRACTICE TASK I
 Get your book in English and answer practice
exercises A and B on pages 19-20. Write your
answer on your notebook and attach it in
your google classroom.
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22. III. CLAUSES
You can also use clauses to make parallel structures. The full
clause structure is as follows Subject-Verb-Objects.
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23. III. CLAUSES
 NOUN CLAUSES
Angel said that she was creating happy moments but she
did not say that she was meeting easy-going people.
 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES
This is skillet that is easy to use and (that is) simple to
clean.
 ADVERB CLAUSES
Since it was easy to operate and (because) it was
durable, it clicked very well.
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24. PRACTICE TASK II
▸ Get your book and answer Practice
Exercises A and B on pages 40-41.
Write your answers on your notebook
and attach it in your google
classroom.
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27. “
IV. OTHER USED OF
PARELLEL STRUCTURES
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28. A. COMPARISON
▸ Sometimes, connectors is a need for a parallel structures. Make sure you place the
connectors immediately before the words they join.
 Either…or
Not parallel: They can either drive to Baguio or they’re flying to
Palawan.
Parallel: They can either drive to Baguio or fly to Palawan.
 Not only… but also
Sofia does not only play golf but also swim like a pro.
 Both… and
The fruit is both tasty and fresh.
 Rather… than
I would rather sing in the chorus than perform a solo.
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29. B. LISTS
▸ Not Parallel: I like good lunch, resting, and to read.
▸ Parallel: I like superb lunch, a good rest, and an amusing book. Or;
I like eating a superb lunch, getting a good rest, and
reading a nice book.
▸ Not Parallel: The thesaurus can also be used for these purposes: to
find word meanings, antonyms, and ensure correct spelling.
▸ Parallel: The thesaurus can also be used for these purposes: to find
word meanings, to look for antonyms, and (to) ensure correct
spelling.
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30. C. TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introductions to Speech Improvement
II. Improving Rhythm
A. Stress
B. Pitch
C. Intonation
III. Improving Sounds
A. The Vowel Sounds
1. Long vowels
2. Short vowels
B. The Consonant Sounds
1. Critical sounds
2. Glides and blends
IV.Selections for Recording
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31. LET’S TRY!
Directions: Edit the following Table of Contents by applying parallel structure.
First Quarter: African Literature
Unit I: African Poetry
Lesson 1- Learning from African Chants
Lesson 2- How to Appreciate African Folklores
Unit II: The Prose of Africa
Lesson 1: A survey of Africa’s Short Stories
Lesson 2- Enjoying Africa’s Traditional Drama
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32. D. Preparing resumes
Positions, skills, and job description should take parallel structures. They should be listed
in bullet for to facilitate quick survey.
Skills:
Research and Organization
• Conducted and charted surveys
• Developed and carried out a contest for games on TV
• Directed school plays
Public Relations
• Handled costumer queries
• Talked before groups of 300 students
• Worked directly with costumers on the sales department
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33. D. Preparing resumes
Work Experiences:
• Di’s Department Store, Sales Clerk
Real St., Lipa City, 2008-2009
• Elsa’s Fashions, Receptionist
Perez St., Dagupan City, 2010-2011
Note:
▸ Use noun phrase for titles
▸ Use a series of verb phrase in the past form for job descriptions.
▸ Follow the same order of information (company, title, location, dates)
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34. ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read and understand the faulty sentences given. Make it
parallel and rewrite it in a separate sheet.
A.
1. Ellen likes hiking, watching the motor racing, and to take afternoon
naps.
2. My best friend took me dancing and to a show.
3. My dog not only likes to play ball, but also dance.
4. I would rather pay for my education than financial aid.
5. I would rather eat white rice than to eat brown rice.
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35. ASSESSMENT
B.
Directions: Combine the given sentences into one concise sentence that
contains parallel structure.
Example: Mary opened the door. Mary greeted her visitors.
Mary opened the door and greeted her visitors.
1. Mary will open the will open the door. Mary will greet her visitors.
2. Alicia is kind. Alice is generous. Alice is trustworthy.
3. Please try to speak more loudly. Please try to speak more clearly.
4. I like coffee. I do not like tea.
5. He decided to quit school. He decided to go to California. He decided to find
a job
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36. I HOPE YOU LEARN FROM
ME!
any
questions
?
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