Android Applications Development Using Kotlin. Creating Your First App and Running this App in Android Phone and Virtual Device

1. International Islamic University H-10, Islamabad, Pakistan
Mobile Applications Development
Week 01
Introduction to
Android Studio
Engr. Rashid Farid Chishti
http://youtube.com/rfchishti
http://sites.google.com/site/chisht
i

2.  Android OS is based on Linux kernel and provides a framework for building
mobile applications.
 Key Components:
 Linux Kernel: Handles hardware interactions, memory, power, and security.
 Libraries & Android Runtime (ART): Provide core functionalities such as
graphics, SQLite, and runtime for apps.
 Application Framework: Contains APIs like Activity Manager, Notification
Manager, and Content Providers.
 Applications: The top layer where user-installed and system apps run.
Overview of Android OS and Its Architecture

3.  Linux Kernel:
 Hardware drivers, power management, process and memory management.
 Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL):
 Standard interfaces for hardware (camera, GPS, sensors).
 Android Runtime (ART):
 Executes apps, replaces Dalvik VM, uses ahead-of-time compilation.
 Native C/C++ Libraries:
 SQLite (database), OpenGL ES (graphics), WebKit (browser engine).
 Application Framework:
 Activity Manager, Content Providers, Resource Manager.
 Applications:
 Pre-installed apps + User apps.
Android OS Architecture (Layered Model)

4.  Android: Open-source mobile operating system by Google.
 Based on Linux kernel for process, memory, and security management.
 Powers smartphones, tablets, TVs, and wearables.
 Main languages: Java, Kotlin (official), and C++.
 IDE: Android Studio (official development environment).
 Offers SDK tools, emulator, debugging, and profiling.
Introduction to Android Development

5.  Largest mobile OS market share worldwide.
 Vast ecosystem of devices and manufacturers.
 Google Play Store with millions of apps.
 Active developer community and open-source contributions.
 Job opportunities in app development, IoT, and embedded systems.
Why Android Development ?

6.  Download installer from: https://developer.android.com/studio
 The size of installation file is around 1.4 GB
 Run the installer → Choose standard setup.
 Install required components: Android SDK, Emulator, AVD.
 First run will set up SDK path and updates.
Installing Android Studio (Step by Step)

7.  The following are the system requirements for Android Studio on Windows.
 64-bit Microsoft® Windows® 8/10/11
 x86_64 CPU architecture; 2nd generation Intel Core or newer, or AMD CPU
with support for a Windows Hypervisor
 8 GB RAM or more
 8 GB of available disk space minimum (IDE + Android SDK + Android
Emulator)
 1280 x 800 minimum screen resolution
Android Studio system requirements

8.  SDK Manager:
 Install API levels, build tools, system images.
 AVD Manager:
 Create and configure virtual devices (Pixel, Nexus, etc.).
 Select Android version and hardware profile.
 Plugins and Extensions:
 Enable Kotlin support, Jetpack libraries.
 Add third-party libraries if needed.
Setting up SDK Tools and AVD

9.  Open Android Studio → Click 'New Project'.
Creating a New Android Project

10.  Phone and Tablets
 Empty Views Activity
 Press Next Button
Creating a New Android Project

11.  Name
 My First App
 Package Name
 com.example.myfirstapp
 Press Next Button
Creating a New Android Project

12. Run App Build Sync

20.  Open Settings on your phone.
 Scroll down and tap "About phone" (sometimes under System on some
devices).
 Find "Build number".
 Tap "Build number" 7 times quickly.
 A message will appear: "You are now a developer!“
 Go back to Settings > System (or Settings > Additional settings depending on
your device).
 You’ll now see a new menu called Developer options.
 From there, you can enable options like USB debugging, Wireless Debugging,
Stay Awake,
Enable Developer Options on an Android phone

21.  cd C:UsersChishtiAppDataLocalAndroidSdkplatform-tools
 adb pair 192.168.100.37:40695
 adb connect 192.168.100.37:39625
 adb devices
Enable Wireless Debugging

22.  manifests/:
 AndroidManifest.xml → Defines permissions, activities.
 java/ or kotlin/:
 App source code, activities, services.
 res/ (resources):
 layout/: XML UI designs.
 drawable/: Images and icons.
 values/: Strings, colors, styles.
 Gradle Scripts:
 build.gradle (Project): Dependencies, repositories.
 build.gradle (Module): SDK versions, libraries.
 settings.gradle: Includes project modules.
Android Project Structure

23.  Gradle is Android’s build automation tool.
 Project-level build.gradle:
 Defines global configurations, repositories.
 App-level build.gradle:
 SDK versions (minSdkVersion, targetSdkVersion).
 Dependencies: libraries like androidx, material.
 Build types: debug, release.
 settings.gradle:
 Declares included modules.
Understanding Gradle Scripts

24.  Default activity layout (activity_main.xml):
 Contains TextView with 'Hello World!'.
 MainActivity.kt or MainActivity.java:
 Kotlin/Java code to handle activity lifecycle.
 Build and Run:
 Use emulator (AVD) or connect physical device.
 App Launch:
 Displays 'Hello World!' on screen.
Creating and Running 'Hello World' App

25. MainActivity.kt

26. activity_main.xml (UI Layout)

27. plugins {
alias(libs.plugins.android.application)
alias(libs.plugins.kotlin.android)
}
android {
namespace = "com.example.myfirstapp"
compileSdk = 36
defaultConfig {
applicationId = "com.example.myfirstapp"
minSdk = 24
targetSdk = 36
versionCode = 1
versionName = "1.0"
testInstrumentationRunner = "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner"
}
Gradle Script build.gradle.kts(:app)

28. buildTypes {
release {
isMinifyEnabled = false
proguardFiles(
getDefaultProguardFile("proguard-android-optimize.txt"),
"proguard-rules.pro"
)
}
}
compileOptions {
sourceCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
targetCompatibility = JavaVersion.VERSION_11
}
kotlinOptions {
jvmTarget = "11"
}
}
Gradle Script build.gradle.kts(:app)

29. dependencies {
implementation(libs.androidx.core.ktx)
implementation(libs.androidx.appcompat)
implementation(libs.material)
implementation(libs.androidx.activity)
implementation(libs.androidx.constraintlayout)
testImplementation(libs.junit)
androidTestImplementation(libs.androidx.junit)
androidTestImplementation(libs.androidx.espresso.core)
}
Gradle Script build.gradle.kts(:app)