Mobile application development is the process of creating software designed to run on small, wireless devices such as smartphones and tablets. It is similar to web application development but adapted to the unique features of mobile platforms. Mobile apps allow users to access services, perform tasks, or enjoy entertainment directly from their devices, making them an essential part of modern life. Developers use different tools known as Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), such as Android Studio, Eclipse, or Xamarin, to build these applications. Among mobile operating systems, Android—developed by the Open Handset Alliance led by Google—has become the most widely used worldwide. With billions of mobile users, businesses and organizations increasingly rely on apps to connect with customers and improve services.

1. 1
Mobile Application development
Training

2. Outline
2
 Introduction to Mobile Application Development
 Mobile ApplicationTools
 Android System Overview
 Getting StartedWith Android Studio IDE

3. What is Mobile Application Development?
3
Mobile application development is the set of
processes and procedures involved in writing
software for small, wireless computing devices
sucsh as smartphones or tablet
Mobile application development is similar to web
application development and has its roots in
software development.

4. Mobile Application Tools
4
Mobile Application Tools are also known as Mobile IDEs
which mean Mobile Integrated Development Environments
The tools include:
• ANDROID STUDIO
• ECLIPSE
• NETBEANS
• INTELLIJIDEA
• XAMARIN
• CORDOVA E.T.C

5. Android System Overview
5
There are more than a two billion smartphones
and tablet PC users worldwide. There is a growing
expectation that everything and anything will be
available as a mobile application.
More and more organization are benefiting from
improving business processes by providing their
users with access to application via their mobile
devices and tablet.

6. Introduction to Android
6
Android is an operating system for mobile devices such
as smartphones and tablet computers. It is developed by the Open
HandsetAlliance led by Google.
Android has beaten Apple iOS, being the leading mobile operating
system from first quarter of 2011
Version:Android 1.0, 1.1 to 1.5 (Cupcake), 1.6 (Donut), 2.0/2.1
(Eclair), 2.2 (Froyo), 2.3 (Gingerbread), to 3.0
(Honeycomb), 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich), 5.0 (Lollipop)
What is Android

7. TOP U.S SMARTPHONE OS SHARE
7
 Popular mobile device OS:
52% of U.S. smartphone
market
 Developed by Open
HandsetAlliance, led by
Google
 Google claims 900,000
Android device activations

8. Android Architecture

9. Shared Preferences: Store data as key-value pairs.
Internal Storage: Store data on the device memory. Data will
not be accessed by other application.
External Storage: Store public data on the shared external
storage. Data will be accessed by other application.
SQLite Databases: Store structured data in a private
database.
Network Connection: Store data on the Web with your own
network server.
Android System Overview

10. CheckBoxPreference: CheckBoxPreference is used to
store data in preferences using CheckBox widget. In
other words, it provides the checkbox widget functionality
10

11. ListPreference: ListPreference is used to display the list of entries as a dialog
from which a user can choose a single selection. This displays a group of radio
buttons as shown in figure among which only one button can be selected.

12. EditTextPreference: This opens up the dialog box where user can
enter a value as shown in the figure. When text is typed into the field,
it returns a string value
12

13. GETTING STARTED WITH ANDROID STUDIO
13
Android Studio is the official Integrated Development
Environment (IDE).
It was announced on May 16th
, 2013 at the Google I/O
conference.
The interface comprises of the following:
• Menu bars
• Project Side
• Structure
• Captures
• Build Variants
• Favourite
• Preview etc

14. Android Studio IDE Interface
14

15. Android Studio Requirement
15
Windows OS X/macOS Linux
OS version
MicrosoftWindows
10/8/7 (32- or 64-
bit)
Mac OS X 10.9.5 or
higher, up to 10.11.6
(El Capitan) or
10.12.1 (Sierra)
GNOME or KDE
desktop
RAM 2 GB RAM minimum, 8 GB RAM recommended
Disk space
500 MB disk space for Android Studio, at least 1.5 GB forAndroid SDK,
emulator system images, and caches
Java version Java Development Kit (JDK) 8
Screen resolution 1280x800 minimum screen resolution
n 2.x

16. Getting Started (1)
16
 Need to install Java Development Kit (JDK) to write
Java (andAndroid) programs
 Do not install Java Runtime Environment (JRE);
JDK and JRE are different!
 Can download the JDK for your OS at http://java.oracle.com
 Alternatively, for OS X, Linux:
 OS X:
 Open /Applications/Utilities/Terminal.app
 Type javac at command line
 Install Java when prompt appears
 Linux:
 Type sudo apt–get install default–jdk at command line
(Debian, Ubuntu)
 Other distributions: consult distribution’s documentation

17. Install!
17

18. Getting Started (2)
18
After installing JDK, download Android SDK from
http://developer.android.com
Simplest: download and install Android Studio bundle
(includingAndroid SDK) for your OS
Alternatives:
Download/installAndroid DeveloperTools from this site
(based on Eclipse)
Install Android SDK tools by themselves, then installADT
for Eclipse separately (from this site)
We’ll useAndroid Studio with SDK included (easy)

19. Install!
19

20. Getting Started (3)
20
 Install Android Studio directly (Windows, Mac); unzip to directory android-studio,
then run ./android-studio/bin/studio.sh (Linux)

21. Getting Started (4)
21
 Strongly recommend testing
with real Android device
 Android emulator: very slow
 Faster emulator: Genymotion
 Install USB drivers for your
Android device!
 Bring up the Android SDK
Manager
 Recommended: InstallAndroid 2.2,
2.3.3APIs and 4.xAPI
 Do not worry about Intel x86
Atom, MIPS system images
Settings
Now you’re ready for Android development!

22. Outline
22
 Introduction to Android
 Getting Started
 Android Programming

23. Android Highlights (1)
24
 Android apps execute on Dalvik
VM, a “clean-room”
implementation of JVM
 Dalvik optimized for efficient
execution
 Dalvik: register-basedVM, unlike
Oracle’s stack-based JVM
 Java .class bytecode translated to
Dalvik EXecutable (DEX)
bytecode, which Dalvik interprets

24. Android Highlights (2)
25
Android apps written in Java 5
 Actually, a Java dialect (Apache Harmony)
 Everything we’ve learned still holds
Apps use four main components:
 Activity:A “single screen” that’s visible to user
 Service: Long-running background “part” of app (not separate
process or thread)
 ContentProvider: Manages app data (usually stored in
database) and data access for queries
 BroadcastReceiver: Component that listens for particular
Android system “events”, e.g.,“found wireless device”, and
responds accordingly

25. App Manifest
26
EveryAndroid app must include an
AndroidManifest.xml file describing functionality
The manifest specifies:
App’s Activities, Services, etc.
Permissions requested by app
Minimum API required
Hardware features required, e.g., camera with autofocus
External libraries to which app is linked, e.g., Google Maps
library

26. Activity Lifecycle
27
 Activity: key building
block of Android apps
 Extend Activity class,
override onCreate(),
onPause(),
onResume() methods
 DalvikVM can stop any
Activity without warning,
so saving state is important!
 Activities need to be
“responsive”, otherwise Android
shows user “App Not
Responsive” warning:
 Place lengthy operations in
Runnable Threads,
AsyncTasks

27. 28

28. App Creation Checklist
29
If you own anAndroid device:
 Ensure drivers are installed
 Enable developer options on device under Settings, specifically USB
Debugging
 Android 4.2+: Go to Settings About phone
→ , press Build number 7 times to enable
developer options
For Android Studio:
 Under File→Settings→Appearance,enable “Show tool window bars”; the
Android view shows LogCat, devices
 Programs should log states via android.util.Log’s
Log.d(APP_TAG_STR, “debug”), where APP_TAG_STR is a
final String tag denoting your app
 Other commands: Log.e() (error); Log.i() (info); Log.w()
(warning); Log.v() (verbose) – same parameters

29. Creating Android App (1)
30
 CreatingAndroid app
project inAndroid Studio:
 Go to File New Project
→
 Enter app, project name
 Choose package name using
“reverse URL” notation, e.g.,
edu.osu.myapp
 Select APIs for app, then click
Next

30. 31
Creating Android App (2)

31. Creating Android App (3)
32
 Determine what kind of
Activity to create; then
click Next
 We’ll choose a Blank
Activity for simplicity
 Enter information about
your Activity, then click
Finish
 This creates a “Hello
World” app

32. Deploying the App
33
 Two choices for deployment:
 Real Android device
 Android virtual device
 Plug in your real device; otherwise,
create anAndroid virtual device
 Emulator is slow.Try Intel
accelerated version, or perhaps
http://www.genymotio
n.com/
 Run the app: press “Run” button in
toolbar

33. Underlying Source Code
34
package edu.osu.helloandroid;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); }
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu)
{
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if
it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
}

34. Underlying GUI Code
35
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<TextView
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello_world" />
</RelativeLayout>
res/layout/activity_main.xml

35. The App Manifest
36
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="edu.osu.helloandroid"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity

36. 37
android:name="edu.osu.helloandroid.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action
android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category
android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>

37. A More Interesting App(Example)
38
 We’ll now examine an app
with more features:WiFi
Tester (code on class
website)
 Press a button, scan for
WiFi access points (APs),
display them

38. Underlying Source Code (1)
39
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_wi_fi);
// Set up WifiManager.
mWifiManager = (WifiManager)
getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
// Create listener object for Button. When Button
is pressed, scan for
// APs nearby.
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button);
button.setOnClickListener(new
View.OnClickListener()
{

39. 40
public void onClick(View v)
{
boolean scanStarted =
mWifiManager.startScan();
// If the scan failed, log it.
if (!scanStarted) Log.e(TAG, "WiFi scan
failed...");
}
});
// Set up IntentFilter for "WiFi scan results available"
Intent.
mIntentFilter = new IntentFilter();
mIntentFilter.addAction(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION);
}

40. Underlying Source Code (2)
41
Code much more complex
First get system WifiManager
Create listener Object for button that
performs scans
We register Broadcast Receiver,
mReceiver, to listen for
WifiManager’s “finished scan” system
event (expressed as Intent
WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_
AVAILABLE_ACTION)
Unregister Broadcast Receiver when
leaving Activity
@Override
protected void onResume()
{
super.onResume();
registerReceiver(mReceiver,
mIntentFilter);
}
@Override
protected void onPause()
{
super.onPause();
unregisterReceiver(mReceiver
);
}

41. The Broadcast Receiver
42
private final BroadcastReceiver mReceiver = new BroadcastReceiver()
{
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent)
{
String action = intent.getAction();
if
(WifiManager.SCAN_RESULTS_AVAILABLE_ACTION.equals(action))
{
Log.e(TAG, "Scan results available");
List<ScanResult> scanResults =
mWifiManager.getScanResults();
mApStr = "";

42. 43
for (ScanResult result : scanResults)
{
mApStr = mApStr + result.SSID + ";
";
mApStr = mApStr + result.BSSID +
"; ";
mApStr = mApStr +
result.capabilities + "; ";
mApStr = mApStr + result.frequency
+ " MHz;";
mApStr = mApStr + result.level + "
dBmnn";
}
// Update UI to show all this
information.
setTextView(mApStr);
}
}
};

43. User Interface
44
private void setTextView(String
str)
{
TextView tv = (TextView)
findViewById(R.id.textview);
tv.setMovementMethod(new
ScrollingMovementMethod());
tv.setText(str);
}
This code simply has the UI
display all collectedWiFi APs,
makes the text information
scrollable

44. Android Programming Notes
45
Android apps have multiple points of entry: no main() method
 Cannot “sleep” inAndroid
 During each entrance, certain Objects may be null
 Defensive programming is very useful to avoid crashes, e.g.,
if (!(myObj == null)) { // do something }
Java concurrency techniques are required
 Don’t block the “main” thread inActivities
 Implement long-running tasks such as network connections asynchronously, e.g., as
AsyncTasks
 Recommendation: read Logging state via android.util.Log
throughout app is essential when debugging (finding root causes)
Better to have “too many” permissions than too few
 Otherwise, app crashes due to security exceptions!
 Remove “unnecessary” permissions before releasing app to public
Event handling inAndroid GUIs entails many listener Objects

45. Android User Interface -1
46
The graphical user interface for an Android app
is built using a hierarchy of View and
ViewGroupobjects. View objects are usually UI
widgets such as buttons or text fields.
ViewGroup objects are invisible view containers
that define how the child views are laid out,
such as in a grid or a vertical list.
Android provides an XML vocabulary that
corresponds to the subclasses of View and
ViewGroup so you can define your UI in XML
using a hierarchy of UI elements.

46. Android User Interface -2
47

47. Create a Linear Layout -1
48
 InAndroid Studio's Project window, open app > res >
layout > activity_main.xml.This XML file defines the
layout of your activity. It contains the default "HelloWorld"
text view.
 When you open a layout file, you’re first shown the design
editor in the Layout Editor. For this lesson, you work directly
with the XML, so click the Texttab at the bottom of the
window to switch to the text editor.
 Delete everything and insert the following XML:

48. Create a Linear Layout-2
49
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/r
es/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal">
</LinearLayout>

49. Add a Text Field
50
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schmas.android.com/apk/res/a
ndroid"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:orientation="horizontal">
<EditText android:id="@+id/edit_message"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/edit_message" />
</LinearLayout>

50. Add Button
51
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<EditText android:id="@+id/edit_message"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/edit_message" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/button_send" />
</LinearLayout>

51. Make the Input Box Fill in the Screen Width
52
In activity_main.xml, modify the <EditText>
so that the attributes look like this:
<EditText
android:id="@+id/edit_message"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/edit_message"
/>

52. COMPLETE UI EXAMPLE
53
Here’s how your complete activity_main.xmllayout file should now
look:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android
"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent">
<EditText android:id="@+id/edit_message"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:hint="@string/edit_message" />
<Button
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/button_send" />
</LinearLayout>

53. Android Studio practice
54
Developing A Simple Calculator
Mobile Application

54. Android Studio practice
55
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/linearLayout1"
android:layout_marginLeft="10pt"
android:layout_marginRight="10pt"
android:layout_marginTop="3pt">
<EditText
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_marginRight="5pt"
android:id="@+id/etNum1"
android:layout_width="match_parent“
android:inputType="numberDecimal">
</EditText>

55. 56
<EditText
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:layout_marginLeft="5pt"
android:id="@+id/etNum2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:inputType="numberDecimal">
</EditText>
</LinearLayout>
<LinearLayout
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:id="@+id/linearLayout2"
android:layout_marginTop="3pt"
android:layout_marginLeft="5pt"
android:layout_marginRight="5pt">
<Button android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="+“ android:textSize="8pt"
android:id="@+id/btnAdd">
</Button>

56. 57
<Button
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="-"
android:textSize="8pt"
android:id="@+id/btnSub">
</Button>
<Button
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="*"
android:textSize="8pt"
android:id="@+id/btnMult">
</Button>

57. 58
<Button
android:layout_height="wrap_conten
t"
android:layout_width="match_parent
"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:text="/"
android:textSize="8pt"
android:id="@+id/btnDiv">
</Button>
</LinearLayout>
<TextView
android:layout_height="wrap_content
"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_marginLeft="5pt"
android:layout_marginRight="5pt"
android:textSize="12pt"
android:layout_marginTop="3pt"
android:id="@+id/tvResult"
android:gravity="center_horizontal"
>
</TextView>

58. 59
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements
OnClickListener {
EditText etNum1;
EditText etNum2;
Button btnAdd;
Button btnSub;
Button btnMult;
Button btnDiv;
TextView tvResult;
String oper = "";
/** Called when the activity is first created. */
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
// find the elements
etNum1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etNum1);
etNum2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.etNum2);

59. 60
btnAdd = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnAdd);
btnSub = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnSub);
btnMult = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnMult);
btnDiv = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnDiv);
tvResult = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.tvResult);
// set a listener
btnAdd.setOnClickListener(this);
btnSub.setOnClickListener(this);
btnMult.setOnClickListener(this);
btnDiv.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
float num1 = 0;
float num2 = 0;
float result = 0;
// check if the fields are empty
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(etNum1.getText().toString())
|| TextUtils.isEmpty(etNum2.getText().toString())) {
return;
}

60. 61
// read EditText and fill variables with numbers
num1 = Float.parseFloat(etNum1.getText().toString());
num2 = Float.parseFloat(etNum2.getText().toString());
// defines the button that has been clicked and performs the operation
// write operation into oper, we will use it later for output
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.btnAdd:
oper = "+";
result = num1 + num2;
break;
case R.id.btnSub:
oper = "-";
result = num1 - num2;
break;
case R.id.btnMult:
oper = "*";
result = num1 * num2;
break;
case R.id.btnDiv:
oper = "/";
result = num1 / num2;
break;
default:
break;
}
// form the output line
tvResult.setText(num1 + " " + oper + " " + num2 + " = " + result);
}
}

61. OUTPUT
62

62. How to Start Mobile Application Business
63
DEPLOYMENT AND PUBLISING OF
APPLICATION ON GOOGLE
ANDROID MARKET

63. 64
The Android Market or the
Android central is known to be the
very own repository of Google for
Android applications.

64. 65
Android Market recently renamed as
Google play is developed and
maintained by Google. It is an online
electronic store or digital application
distribution platform for android
powered devices.

65. 66
The application developed by any
developer has to be tested before
it is uploaded to the Android
market to ensure that your app is
error and bug free.

66. 67
The developer needs to register
before publishing the app with a
publisher account by visiting the
Google Play Developer console at
https://play.google.com/apps/
publish/.

67. TOOLS & MATERIALS NEEDED FOR THE
DEVELOPMENT
68
 THIS MATERIAL
 VIDEOTUTORIALS (ONLINE & OFFLINE)
 INTERNET
 GOOD BOOK (BEGINNER LEVEL IN MOBILE APP
DEVELOPMENT)
 HIGH CONFIGURATION LAPTOPWITH AT LEAST 4GB RAM
 ETC.

68. Thank YOU
69