The document discusses the Semantic Web as Web 3.0. It explains that while current web pages use HTML to describe structure, not meaning, the Semantic Web aims to allow computers to understand the meaning behind information by recognizing things like people, places, events. This is done through techniques like embedding semantic annotations directly into data using standards like RDFa, microformats, and querying data with SPARQL. The Semantic Web will enable new applications by making the web more machine-readable.

1. Web 3.0
The Semantic Web
Hatem Mahmoud
Lead Developer, eSpace
ExpressionLab.com

2. Agenda
Introduction
The Problem
Solutions
Applications
Summary

3. Introduction

4. Every language has its
own Syntax and
Semantics

5. Syntax is the study of
grammar

6. Semantics is the study of
meaning

7. Syntax is how to say
something

8. Semantic is the meaning
behind what you say

9. Different syntaxes may
have the same semantic:
x += y
x=x+y

10. Syntax and semantics
are all about
communication

11. Computers use
network protocols
to communicate in
networks

12. The Internet is a huge
network of computers
that use TCP/IP to
communicate

14. The Web is a system of
interlinked documents
accessed via the Internet

16. Web browsers use HTTP
to communicate with
Web servers

17. You can view Web pages
and use hyperlinks to
navigate between them

18. People can easily access
any of these documents

20. This is the largest source
of information ever

21. This is
Web 1.0

22. Authors started to use
Ajax

23. People started to share
photos and videos

26. People started to
interact in
social networks

29. People started to publish
content in blogs

32. People started to
contribute in wikis

34. People started to use
tags and RSS

36. This is the
Read-Write Web

37. This is
Web 2.0

40. The Problem

41. Web pages are written in
HTML

42. HTML describes the
structure of information

43. HTML describes the
syntax not the semantics

44. If computers can
understand the meaning
behind information...

45. they can learn what we
are interested in

46. they can help us better
find what we want

47. This is really what the
Semantic Web is all
about

48. This is
Web 3.0

49. Today's Web is about
documents

51. The Semantic Web is
about things

53. It can recognize people,
places, events,
companies, products,
movies, etc.

54. It can understand the
relationships
between things

55. Example?

57. Solutions

58. Solution: Top Down

59. Information analysis,
web scraping, natural
language processing

60. Expensive!
human intervention,
hard to maintain,
legal issues

61. Solution: Bottom Up

62. Embedding semantical
annotations into the data

63. How?

64. Available options:
RDFa and microformats

65. RDFa

66. RDF is
Resource Description
Framework

67. RDF is a W3C standard
for describing resources
in the Web

68. RDF identifies things
using URIs
(Uniform Resource
Identifiers)

69. RDF uses simple
statements (Triples) to
describe things

70. Thing-Property-Value
Subject-Predicate-Object

71. RDF graph
representation

73. RDF/XML

75. N3
(Notation3)

77. RDFa = RDF in attributes

78. RDFa provides a set of
XHTML attributes that
express RDF data

79. Example:
Alice in Semantic
Wonderland

80. Alice is a blogger who
publishes articles at
http://example.com/alice

81. She wants to declare the
license of her work

83. She wants to specify title
and creator of an article

84. But there are no such
attributes in XHTML

85. She can use
Dublin Core vocabulary
Dublin: Dublin, Ohio, USA
Core: only the core elements of metadata

87. She wants to give Bob
proper credit when she
posts his photos

89. She wants to display her
name, email and phone

90. She can use
Friend-of-a-Friend
vocabulary

92. She wants to list her
friends

94. SPARQL
(SPARQL Protocol And
RDF Query Language)

95. SPARQL is a query
language for RDF data

96. You can search for
"friends of Alice who
created items whose title
contains 'Bob'"

97. microformats

98. microformats are
simple conventions for
embedding semantics in
HTML

99. designed for
humans first, and
machines second

100. No namespaces,
No new tags

101. Built upon existing
standards
vCard, iCalendar, Atom,
etc.

102. hCard
(HTML vCard)
represents people,
companies, places and
organizations

104. hCalendar
(HTML iCalendar)
Represents calendar
events

106. hReview
Represents reviews of
products, services,
businesses, events, etc.

108. hResume
represents resumes

109. Applications

112. YahooTech uses hReview
for product reviews

114. LinkedIn uses hResume
for resumes

116. YahooUpcoming uses
hCal for events

130. Challenges!
tools, privacy, trust,
applications, devices

131. Summary

132. “I have a dream for the Web in
which computers become
capable of analyzing all the
data on the Web”
Tim Berners-Lee, 1999
Inventor of the Web

133. The Semantic Web is not
a separate Web
but an extension of the
current one

137. It is really happening
today

138. Resources

144. Thank You!
Hatem Mahmoud
Lead Developer, eSpace
ExpressionLab.com