The document discusses the limitations of the current web and introduces the concept of the Semantic Web, which aims to enhance data meaning and automation. It highlights the Semantic Web's goals to enable intelligent agents to efficiently search, discover, and integrate information across a globally linked database. The document also outlines key standards and technologies that support the Semantic Web, including RDF, RDFS, and OWL, and notes its growing adoption by businesses.

1. Presented by:
Muhammad Imtiaz

2. Web We Know
 Target consumers: humans
 web 2.0 mashups provide some improvement
 Rules about the structure and visualization of information,
but not about its intended meaning
 Intelligent agents can’t easily use the information
 Granularity: document
 One giant distributed file system of documents
 One document can link to other documents
 Integration & reuse: very limited
 Cannot be easily automated
 Web 2.0 mashups provide some improvement

3. Limitations of Current Web
 Finding information
 Data granularity
 Resource identification
 Aggregation & reuse
 Data integration
 Inference of new information

4. The Need For Smarter Web
 The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web
in which information is given well-defined meaning,
better enabling computers and people to work in
cooperation.
 The Semantic Web is a mesh of data that are
associated in such a way that they can easily be
processed by machines instead of human operators. It
can be conceived as an extended version of the existing
World Wide Web, and it represents an effective means
of data representation in the form of a globally linked
database.

5. Building Semantic Web
 The Semantic Web is driven by the World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C). It builds on W3C's Resource
Description Framework (RDF), and is usually designed
with syntaxes that use Uniform Resource Identifiers
(URIs) to represent data. These syntaxes are known as
RDF syntaxes. The inclusion of data to RDF files
enables computer programs or Web spiders to search,
discover, collect, assess and process the data on the
Web.

6. Goals Of Semantic Web
 The key goal of the Semantic Web is to trigger the
evolution of the existing Web to enable users to
search, discover, share and join information with less
effort.
 The Semantic Web can be considered a vision for the
future in which data could be quickly interpreted by
machines, allowing them to carry out numerous
tedious tasks related to discovering, blending, and
taking action on the information available on the Web.

7. The Semantic Web
 Target consumers: intelligent agents
 Explicit specification of the intended meaning
information
 Intelligent agents can make use the information
 Granularity: resource/fact
 One giant distributed database of facts about resources
 One resource can be linked (related) to other resources
 Integration & reuse: easier
 Resources have unique identifiers
 With explicit semantics transformation & integration can
be automated

8. Vision of Semantic Web
 Data should be accessed using the general Web
architecture (e.g., URI-s, protocols, …)
 Data should be related to one another just as
documents are already
 Data to be shared and reused across
 Data to be processed automatically
 New relationships between pieces of data to be
inferred

9. Semantic Web Related
Standards

10. Resource Description Framework
 A simple data model for
 Formally describing the semantics of information in a
machine accessible way
 representing meta-data (data about data)
 A set of representation syntaxes
 XML (standard)
 Building blocks
 Resources (with unique identifiers)
 Named relations between pairs of resources (or a
resource and a literal)

11. RDF’s Advantages
 Simple but expressive data model
 Global identifiers of all resources (URIs)
 Reduces ambiguity
 Easier incremental data integration
 Can handle incomplete information.
 Graph structure
 Suitable for a large class of tasks
 Data merging is easier

12. RDF Schema
 RDFS provides means for:
 Defining Classes and Properties
 Defining hierarchies (of classes and properties)
 RDFS differs from XML Schema (XSD)
 Open World Assumption vs. Closed World
Assumption
 RDFS is about describing resources, not about
validation

13. URI
 Uniform Resource Identifier
 A simple and extensible means for identifying a
resource
 A URL is a type of URI

14. Web Ontology Language (OWL)
 More expressive than RDFS
 Identity equivalence/difference
 same As, different From, equivalent Class/Property
 More expressive class definitions
 Class intersection, union, complement, disjointness
 Cardinality restrictions
 More expressive property definitions
 Object/Data type properties
 Transitive, functional, symmetric, inverse properties
Value restrictions

15. RDFa
 RDFa provides a set of XHTML attributes that express
RDF data.
 New standard for resource description and access
designed for the digital world

16. Microformats
 Microformats are simple conventions for embedding
semantics in HTML.
 These are designed first for humans and then for
machines.
 No name spaces, no new tags
 Built Upon existing standards like vCard, iCalender
etc.

17.  HTML vCard represents people, companies, places,
organizations.
 HTML iCalendar represents calendar events.

18. Summary
 “I have a dream for a web in which computer become
capable of analyzing all the data on the web.”
Tim Berners Lee – 1999
Inventor of the Web
The Semantic Web is not a separate web but it is an
extension of the current web.

19.  At present, the Semantic Web is increasingly used by small
and large business. Oracle, IBM, Adobe, Software AG,
or Yahoo! are only some of the large corporations that have
picked up this technology already and are selling tools as
well as complete business solutions.
 The Semantic Web will provide an infrastructure that
enables not just web pages, but databases, services,
programs, sensors, personal devices, and even household
appliances to both consume and produce data on the web.
Software agents can use this information to search, filter
and prepare information in new and exciting ways to assist
the web user.

20. Thank You
Any Questions