Spillways, Spillway capacity, flood routing through spillways, different type...Denish Jangid
Spillways: Spillway capacity, flood routing through spillways, different types & FUNCTION
of spillways and gate,Component parts of Spillways, energy dissipation below spillways Approach channel Control structure Discharge carrier Discharge channel Energy dissipators Overfall spillway spillway Saddle spillway Shaft spillway Side channel spillway Emergency spillway siphon spillway
Spillways, Spillway capacity, flood routing through spillways, different type...Denish Jangid
Spillways: Spillway capacity, flood routing through spillways, different types & FUNCTION
of spillways and gate,Component parts of Spillways, energy dissipation below spillways Approach channel Control structure Discharge carrier Discharge channel Energy dissipators Overfall spillway spillway Saddle spillway Shaft spillway Side channel spillway Emergency spillway siphon spillway
Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes Vaibhav Kambale
This Presentation deals in details with respect to Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes. Types and layout of water distribution system has been explained in detail
Introduction to water supply engg. by Prof. D S.Shahdhavalsshah
Introduction to water supply Engineering. Basic definitions in water supply engineering. Importance of water supply engineering.
Financing of water supply schemes. Flow diagram of water supply scheme, layouts of water supply schemes, etc.
Present slideshow provides brief introductory part of various Intake Structures. This is useful for Environmental Engineering Students, faculties and learners.
water demand, types of demand, factors affecting per capita demand, design periods, losses in wastes & thefts, varion in demand, coincident draft,effect of variations on components of water supply schemes, factors affecting design periods, population forecasting methods, problems on population forecasting, etc
Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes Vaibhav Kambale
This Presentation deals in details with respect to Water distribution System In Water Supply Schemes. Types and layout of water distribution system has been explained in detail
Introduction to water supply engg. by Prof. D S.Shahdhavalsshah
Introduction to water supply Engineering. Basic definitions in water supply engineering. Importance of water supply engineering.
Financing of water supply schemes. Flow diagram of water supply scheme, layouts of water supply schemes, etc.
Present slideshow provides brief introductory part of various Intake Structures. This is useful for Environmental Engineering Students, faculties and learners.
water demand, types of demand, factors affecting per capita demand, design periods, losses in wastes & thefts, varion in demand, coincident draft,effect of variations on components of water supply schemes, factors affecting design periods, population forecasting methods, problems on population forecasting, etc
Survey and Design of Gravity Fed Water supply system at a DadaGaun ,BanepaNepal Flying Labs
This is a presentation slide prepared for the final presentation during my 2nd year of study at Kathmandu Engineering ,Nepal.A village from Banepa where there is a scarcity of water has been chosen as the project study site and following surveying techniques have been implementation to develop a water distribution network for the community.
1.Leveling from water resource to the village
2.Traverse and Tacheometry around the village for topographical map generation
3.Design of water distribution routes
Recarga Natural de Acuíferos y Recarga Artificial, Caso Río Seco - PerúCesar Rubin
Es una etapa natural dentro del ciclo hidrológico que se genera debido a la precipitación, a las aguas superficiales, es decir, a través de ríos lagos, o por medio de transferencias desde otras unidades hidrogeológicas o acuíferos. Este proceso es largo en duración y limitado a los parámetros capacitivos del acuífero.
A plumbing workshop by me in MEC'19 conference hosted by SAFWA ENGINEERING team in Bibliotheca Alexandrina
Tables and Case study solution: https://goo.gl/p831be
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
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About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
2. TABLE OF CONTENTS
• Why Treat Water?
• Uses of Water
• Water Supply System
• Sources of Water
• Water Treatment
• Water Storage
• Distribution System
• Definitions
• Calculating Water Supply Pressure
3. Why Treat Water?
• Society realized long ago that human health
and the welfare of the general population are
improved if public water supplies are treated
prior to use.
• Nearly all structures require a water supply.
• Appropriate flow rate, pressure, and water
quality are necessary for effective use.
8. Water Treatment
• Amount of treatment
depends on quality of the
source
• Ground water requires less
treatment than surface
water
Courtesty USGS http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3069/
The city of Salem water treatment
facility withdraws water from the
North Santiam River.
9. Water Storage
Pumped to Storage Tank
• Storage
• Water pressure
opsi
o1 psi = 2.31 feet of water
NOAA
http://www.csc.noaa.gov/alternatives/infrastructure.html
10. Water Distribution System
• Consists of water lines,
fittings, valves, service lines,
meters, and fire hydrants
• Loop system more desirable
than branch system
– Isolation valves
– Water flows in more than
one direction LOOP
SYSTEM
BRANCH
SYSTEM
11. Water Distribution System
• Typical new system pipe
– Thermoplastic or ductile iron
– Reinforced concrete in larger mains
• Older system pipe
– Cast-iron or asbestos cement
• Typical distribution pressure of 65 – 75 psi
• Designed for less than 150 psi wikimedia
13. Definition
Head
Relates energy in an incompressible
fluid (like water) to the height of an
equivalent column of that fluid
14. Definition
Static Head
• Potential energy of the water at rest
• Measured in feet of water
• Change in elevation between source
and discharge
• Ex: What is the static head at a
residential supply line if the water
level in the elevated tank is 943 ft
and the elevation at the supply line
is 890 ft?
943 ft – 890 ft = 53 feet of water
EPA at
http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/mohonkr
oad/images.html
15. Definition
Static Pressure
• Pressure of water at rest
• Measured in pounds per square inch (psi)
• 2.31 feet of water = 1 psi
• Ex: What is the static pressure at distribution if the
static head is 53 ft of water?
psi
1
ft psi
53 22.9
ft
2.31
• Is this the pressure at which water would exit a
faucet in the house?
16. Water Pressure Calculations
• How far above the supply line must the
water level in a water tower be in order
to provide a minimum 40 psi?
40 psi 2.31 ft = 92.3 ft of water
• Except water loses pressure as it
travels through pipe.
NOAA
http://www.csc.noaa.gov/alternatives/in
frastructure.html
17. Definitions
Head Loss
• Energy loss due to friction as water moves through
the distribution system
− Pipes
− Fittings
• Elbows, tees, reducers, etc.
− Equipment (pumps, etc.)
• Major losses = head loss associated with friction per
length of pipe
• Minor losses = head loss associated with bends,
fittings, valves, etc.
18. Calculating Head Loss
Hazen-Williams formula
1.85
10.44
h
f
L Q
1.85 4.8655
C d
Where: hf = head loss due to friction (ft)
L = length of pipe (ft)
Q = flow rate of water (gpm)
C = Hazen-Williams constant
d = diameter of the pipe (in.)
22. Calculating Total Equivalent Length
Example
A 10 inch flanged cast iron water supply line provides service to
a home. The pipe between the water tower and the meter
includes seven regular 90 degree elbows, three line flow tees,
eleven branch flow tees, and six gate valves between the water
tower and a service connection to a residence. What is the
equivalent length of the fittings and valves?
Fitting Quantity Equivalent
Length (ft)
Total Equiv.
Length (ft)
Reg. 90 deg elbow 7 14.0 98.0
Line flow tee 3 5.2 15.6
Branch flow tee 11 30.0 330.0
Gate valve 6 3.2 19.2
Total 462.8
23. Calculating Head Loss
Example
What is the head loss in the 10 inch cast iron
supply line with a flow rate of 110 gpm if the pipe
is 3.2 miles long and includes the fittings from the
previous slide?
ft
mile Pipe Length = (3.2 miles)(5280 ) 16896 ft
Total Equiv. Length = Pipe Length + Equiv. Length of Fittings
Total Equiv. Length = 16896 ft + 462.8 ft = 17358.8 ft
24. Calculating Head Loss
Hazen-Williams Formula
1.85
10.44
1.85 4.8655
f
L Q
h
C d
10.44 (17358.8 ft)(110 gpm)
h
f (100) (1
0 in) 1.85
1.85 4.8655
= 2.94 ft
25. Definition
Dynamic Head
• Head of a moving fluid
• Measured in feet of water
Courtesy Constructionphotographs.com
Dynamic Head = Static Head – Head Loss
26. Definition
Dynamic / Actual Pressure
• Measured in psi
Dynamic Pressure = Actual Pressure
Actual Pressure = Dynamic Head
psi
ft
1
2.31
27. Water Pressure Calculations
Example
The water level in the water tower supplying the
home in the previous example is 1487 ft. The
elevation of the supply line at the residence is
1246 ft. Find the static head, the static pressure,
the dynamic head, and the actual pressure of the
water as it enters the residence.
28. Example
Static Head=
1487 ft – 1246 ft 241 ft
Static Pressure =
1 psi
241 ft 104.3 psi
Head Loss (major and minor) = 2.94 ft
Dynamic Head = Static Head – Head Loss
241 ft – 2.9 ft 238.1 ft
Dynamic Pressure =
2.31 ft
1 psi
238.1 ft 103.1 psi
2.31 ft
29. References
Dion, T. (2002). Land development for civil engineers (2nd Ed.).
New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Lindeburg, M. (2008). Civil engineering reference manual for the
PE exam (11th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Professional Publications, Inc.
30. Image Sources
USDA at
http://www.ks.nrcs.usda.gov/news/highlights/2006_april.html
NASA at
http://www.ghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/surface_hydrology/water_mana
gement.html
NOAA at http://www.csc.noaa.gov/alternatives/infrastructure.html
www.istock.com
The Groundwater Foundation at www.groundwater.org
USGS at http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2004/3069/
EPA at
http://www.epa.gov/region02/superfund/npl/mohonkroad/im
ages.html
Wikimedia at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Largediapvc.jpg
www.constructionphotographs.com