water supply to homes
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Water supply systems treat water from various sources like aquifers and desalinated sea water, and distribute it through pipes using gravity or pumps. Water quality must meet standards for microbiological and chemical parameters. Water pressure varies in distribution systems and is regulated using pressure reducers. Common pipe materials include cast iron, steel, galvanized iron, copper, plastic, asbestos cement and concrete. Pressure reducers are used to lower water pressure when entering homes or crossing streets.
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water supply to homes
- 2. Introduction Water supply systems get water from a variety of locations after appropriate treatment. Ground Water:Aqufiers Sea water:desalination The Treated water is flows: • Gravity • Reserviors
- 3. Water quality Drinking water quality has a micro-biological and a physico -chemical dimension. There are thousands of parameters of water quality . In public water supply systems water should, at a minimum, be disinfected—most commonly through the use of chlorination or the use of ultra violet light
- 4. Water pressure Water pressures vary in different locations of a distribution system. Water mains below the street may operate at higher pressures, with a pressure reducer located at each point where the water enters a building or a house Pressure in an urban water system is typically maintained either by a pressurised water tank serving an urban area, by pumping the water up into a water tower
- 5. Pipes which are commonly used in water supply system Cast Iron (CI) Pipes Steel Pipes Galvanized Iron (GI) Pipes Copper Pipes Plastic or Polythene or PVC pipes Asbestos Cement (AC) Pipes Concrete Pipes
- 6. Real pipes for real houses Table 3: Standard plumbing pipe sizes Plumbers' merchants call it 10 mm 15 mm 22 mm 28 mm 35 mm 42 mm 54 mm Some plumbers know it as 3/8 in 1/2 in 3/4 in 1 in 11/4 in 11/2 in 2 in Internal diameter (mm) 8.8 13.6 20.2 26.2 32.6 39.6 51.6 Cross-sectional area (in mm2) 61 145 320 539 835 1,232 2,091 Pipe dimensions
- 7. TANKS The weight of water makes the place heavy wherever it is placed. Thus the heaviest direction i.e., Southwest . Dimensions for the overhead water tank: Length = 1.2m Breadth = 0.6m Depth = 1.1m Total Volume = 1.2×0.6×1.1 = 0.792 cubic metres
- 8. Physics in water supply Down-force on the water in the pipe = Weight of water in the column above the pipe The water surface in the taller tank is twice as far away from the pipe, so there is twice as much force pushing water out. If you punctured both tanks near the bottom, water would squirt out much faster from the tall one.
- 9. Pressure Reducer Reduces Water Pressure Uses at cross over into homes or across streets.
- 10. Physics in water supply The pressure depends on the length of vertical pipe. In fact, the length that matters is the height difference between the bottom of the pipe and the water surface at the top - in the diagram on the left, the height h.
- 11. THE END