Overview of water reuse

1. Water Reclamation
and Reuse

2. Overview :
 What is water Reuse
 Factors Driving water Reuse
 Types of Water Reuse
 Benefits of water Reuse
 Considerations for water Reuse Planning
 Challenges in Wastewater Reuse

3. Terminologies:
➔ Reclamation is the process of converting wastewater into water that can be
reused for other purposes.
➔ Recycling generally means reuse of wastewater back in the same cycle where it
is generated.
➔ Reuse the beneficial use of treated wastewater for agriculture, industry, etc.

4.  The Diving factors for Water Reuse
1. Population Growth
2. Drought
3. Increased municipal, Industrial and Agricultural Demands
4. Restrictions on Waste water discharge
All these factors causes the Water scarcity
 Types of Water Reuse
1. Non Potable Reuse
2. Indirect potable Reuse
3. Direct Potable Reuse

5. Non Potable Reuse (NPR):
• Includes all recycled or reclaimed water reuse applications except those related
to drinking water.
• Water Reuse for Agriculture
-Most common and publicly accepted form of reuse.
-Urban and suburban applications like Common space, parks, and public
property, Business and residential lawn irrigation
-Agriculture Irrigation like fruits and vegetables
-Non Crop Irrigation
-Industrial Use.

6. Indirect Potable Reuse:
The blending of advanced treated recycled or reclaimed water into a natural water
source (groundwater basin or reservoir) that could be used for drinking (potable) water
after further treatment.
Direct Potable Reuse :
The introduction of advanced treated reclaimed water either directly into the potable
water system or into the raw water supply entering a drinking water treatment plant.

7. Water Reuse may be classified according to use as:
● Municipal
● Industrial
● Agricultural
● Recreational
● Groundwater recharge.
The direct and indirect reuse applications for these uses are;

8. USE DIRECT INDIRECT
Municipal Park or golf course watering, lawn
watering with separate distribution
system.
Groundwater recharge to reduce aquifer
overdrafts.
Industrial Cooling tower water; boiler feed water;
process water.
Replenish groundwater supply for industrial
use.
Agricultural Irrigation of certain agricultural lands,
crops, forests.
Replenish groundwater supply for
agricultural overdrafts.
Recreational Forming artificial lakes for boating,
swimming pools etc..,
Develop fish and waterfowl areas
Others Groundwater recharge to control
saltwater intrusion; salt balance control in
groundwater; wetting agent - solid waste
compaction.
Groundwater recharge to control land
subsidence problems; oil-well
repressurizing; soil compaction.

9.  Benefits of Water Reuse
1. Water Reuse a sustainable and safe solution to a sort supply.
2.The water and nutrient content in treated wastewater can be very useful for
agricultural purpose.
3. It enables municipalities to generate revenue by selling their sewage.
4. For cities, wastewater would not be discharged to the water bodies thus reducing
pollution to the water environment and not creating public health issues.
 Considerations for water reuse planning:
• Providing reliable treatment to meet water quality requirements and environment
regulations for the intended reuse
• Protection of public health and the environment
• Gaining public acceptance
• Economic viability

10. Public Health and Water Quality Considerations:
• Physical water quality considerations
Turbidity, colour, etc.
• Chemical water quality considerations
Chemical constituents including solids, metals, nitrogen, phosphorus, etc.
• Biological water quality considerations
Pathogens including bacteria, virus, etc.
Challenges in wastewater reuse:
• Funding
• Sustainable Operations
- Adopting right or appropriate technology
- Energy efficiencies

11.  References:
1. Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal Reuse by Mercalf and Eddy
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reclaimed_water
3. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780444531995000762