Presentation by Radisav D. Vidic,
University of Pittsburgh, for a hydrofracking forum hosted by the Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies in Millbrook, NY on May 5, 2012.
A short description of thermal technologies for the recovery of ammonia from N-rich wastewaters and expirementing with membrane distillation for getting better results.
Membrane Separation Technology for Water Treatment in Upstream Oil & Gas Oper...James Robinson
Membrane Separation Technology for Water Treatment in Upstream Oil & Gas Operations
presented by James Robinson on April 20, 2016, at the "Semi-Annual Water & Wastewater Short Course: Issues, Challenges, Solutions & New Technologies" hosted by the Global Petroleum Research Institute (GPRI) at Texas A&M's Department of Petroleum Engineering.
James Robinson - Conventional Produced Water Training Course - Produced Water...James Robinson
The document summarizes a training workshop on conventional produced water treatment. It discusses the large quantities of produced water from oil and gas operations, how its composition varies, and common treatment technologies used. These include filtration, gravity separation, centrifugal separation, membrane processes, distillation, adsorption, and oxidation. It provides examples of typical treatment trains for different disposal scenarios and emphasizes the importance of thoroughly understanding the produced water composition and treatment process.
Greendaf - Tertiary phosphate removal by rapid flotationDegrémont
The document describes GreendafTM, a product for tertiary phosphate removal from wastewater through rapid flotation. GreendafTM uses ferric chloride or alum coagulation, hydraulic flocculation to create microflocs, saturation and pressure relief to form a bubble blanket for flotation. It has advantages over other methods like reduced reagent consumption and ability to produce low phosphate levels under 0.1 mg/L. Case studies in Hudson, MA and Evreux, France showed GreendafTM units achieving phosphate levels below standards at wastewater treatment plants.
Cooling tower water treament research_rev2Ryan Barber
Ryan Barber examines the use of reclaimed water and water softening systems in cooling towers. Introducing softened makeup water can increase cycles of concentration and reduce water usage, but also risks increasing corrosion of metals like copper and galvanized steel if not properly treated. While zero blowdown technology claims to prevent biological growth and corrosion without chemicals, more research is needed to validate these claims. Monitoring programs are recommended to assess corrosion if a softening system is installed. Understanding the tradeoffs between water and chemical usage is important for developing efficient and sustainable cooling tower programs.
Reverse osmosis desalination systems face several challenges including fouling of membranes, high energy consumption, removal of boron and fluoride, brine disposal, and solid waste generation. Solutions and developments have aimed to address these issues through improved pretreatment methods, development of new antifouling membranes, use of renewable energy sources, hybrid removal processes, and improved brine disposal and solid waste management. However, reverse osmosis systems also pose environmental and health risks that require mitigation such as use as a last resort for water treatment and ensuring minimum mineral standards in demineralized drinking water.
This thesis assessed the effectiveness of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) systems in southeast Queensland. A constructed wetland, bioretention swale and bioretention basin were monitored at a residential development to evaluate their ability to improve stormwater hydrology and water quality. Event-based monitoring was conducted to measure inflows and outflows. Data analysis confirmed the systems reduced peak flows and volumes. Pollutant loads were reduced above guidelines, though some systems performed better than others. Calibrated modelling showed the systems were undersized, with stormwater bypassing treatment zones, reducing long-term effectiveness.
Potential Innovations in Conventional Desalination Systemsacciona
Durante la celebración de la 13º Edición de IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologie Iwa-LET 2016 que se está celebrando estos días en Jerez, Marina Arnaldos y Beatriz Corzo realizaron una ponencia dentro de un taller sobre desalación sostenible.
On occasion of the 13th IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologies (IWA-LET 2016), which is being held in Jerez, Marina Arnaldos and Beatriz Corzo presented two papers in a workshop on sustainable desalination.
A short description of thermal technologies for the recovery of ammonia from N-rich wastewaters and expirementing with membrane distillation for getting better results.
Membrane Separation Technology for Water Treatment in Upstream Oil & Gas Oper...James Robinson
Membrane Separation Technology for Water Treatment in Upstream Oil & Gas Operations
presented by James Robinson on April 20, 2016, at the "Semi-Annual Water & Wastewater Short Course: Issues, Challenges, Solutions & New Technologies" hosted by the Global Petroleum Research Institute (GPRI) at Texas A&M's Department of Petroleum Engineering.
James Robinson - Conventional Produced Water Training Course - Produced Water...James Robinson
The document summarizes a training workshop on conventional produced water treatment. It discusses the large quantities of produced water from oil and gas operations, how its composition varies, and common treatment technologies used. These include filtration, gravity separation, centrifugal separation, membrane processes, distillation, adsorption, and oxidation. It provides examples of typical treatment trains for different disposal scenarios and emphasizes the importance of thoroughly understanding the produced water composition and treatment process.
Greendaf - Tertiary phosphate removal by rapid flotationDegrémont
The document describes GreendafTM, a product for tertiary phosphate removal from wastewater through rapid flotation. GreendafTM uses ferric chloride or alum coagulation, hydraulic flocculation to create microflocs, saturation and pressure relief to form a bubble blanket for flotation. It has advantages over other methods like reduced reagent consumption and ability to produce low phosphate levels under 0.1 mg/L. Case studies in Hudson, MA and Evreux, France showed GreendafTM units achieving phosphate levels below standards at wastewater treatment plants.
Cooling tower water treament research_rev2Ryan Barber
Ryan Barber examines the use of reclaimed water and water softening systems in cooling towers. Introducing softened makeup water can increase cycles of concentration and reduce water usage, but also risks increasing corrosion of metals like copper and galvanized steel if not properly treated. While zero blowdown technology claims to prevent biological growth and corrosion without chemicals, more research is needed to validate these claims. Monitoring programs are recommended to assess corrosion if a softening system is installed. Understanding the tradeoffs between water and chemical usage is important for developing efficient and sustainable cooling tower programs.
Reverse osmosis desalination systems face several challenges including fouling of membranes, high energy consumption, removal of boron and fluoride, brine disposal, and solid waste generation. Solutions and developments have aimed to address these issues through improved pretreatment methods, development of new antifouling membranes, use of renewable energy sources, hybrid removal processes, and improved brine disposal and solid waste management. However, reverse osmosis systems also pose environmental and health risks that require mitigation such as use as a last resort for water treatment and ensuring minimum mineral standards in demineralized drinking water.
This thesis assessed the effectiveness of water sensitive urban design (WSUD) systems in southeast Queensland. A constructed wetland, bioretention swale and bioretention basin were monitored at a residential development to evaluate their ability to improve stormwater hydrology and water quality. Event-based monitoring was conducted to measure inflows and outflows. Data analysis confirmed the systems reduced peak flows and volumes. Pollutant loads were reduced above guidelines, though some systems performed better than others. Calibrated modelling showed the systems were undersized, with stormwater bypassing treatment zones, reducing long-term effectiveness.
Potential Innovations in Conventional Desalination Systemsacciona
Durante la celebración de la 13º Edición de IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologie Iwa-LET 2016 que se está celebrando estos días en Jerez, Marina Arnaldos y Beatriz Corzo realizaron una ponencia dentro de un taller sobre desalación sostenible.
On occasion of the 13th IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologies (IWA-LET 2016), which is being held in Jerez, Marina Arnaldos and Beatriz Corzo presented two papers in a workshop on sustainable desalination.
This document provides guidance on the health and environmental aspects of desalination for safe water supply. It discusses issues related to desalination technology, chemical aspects, sanitary microbiology, monitoring and regulation, and environmental impact assessment of desalination projects. The document aims to assist proposed and existing desalination facilities to optimize quality, safety, and environmental protection in the production and distribution of desalinated drinking water. It addresses both drinking water standards and environmental protection considerations.
The document discusses integrated water management and sustainability concerns related to industry water use. It notes that water stress is prominent in industrial areas and outlines three strategic signals related to increasing business disruption risks, license to operate risks, and rising water management costs. The document advocates for assessing the economics of water use, managing water risks, implementing advanced solutions like water reuse, and striving to ultimately reduce source water needs. An example case study highlights how a manufacturing company implemented water reuse measures to lower costs and environmental impacts.
Patent US 7854836 B2 Process for improving and recuperating waste, heavy and ...Carlos R. Conde
This patent describes a process for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons from waste drilling fluids. The process involves obtaining waste drilling fluid containing heavy hydrocarbons, contacting the fluid with a solvent like propane or LPG under upgrading conditions to produce an upgraded hydrocarbon product and asphaltene waste, and separating the upgraded hydrocarbon from the solvent. The upgrading improves properties of the heavy hydrocarbon like API gravity, sulfur content, and fluidity. The process aims to efficiently recover and improve heavy hydrocarbons from waste sources like drilling pits in a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly manner.
This document introduces a rapid water quality kit for testing produced water onsite for reuse in hydraulic fracturing operations. The kit allows operators to quickly screen water and identify those suitable for reuse. It tests for key chemicals and bacteria in under an hour, providing accurate results at a low cost. This helps reduce fresh water usage and produced water handling expenses, while allowing for real-time treatment decisions. The portable kit could benefit oilfield service companies and operators by lowering costs and improving water management workflows.
This document discusses the key considerations for a utility converting from groundwater to surface water sources. It outlines the public perception challenges, increased costs associated with capital investments, operation and monitoring, and the need for greater treatment and system operation expertise. Specifically, surface water requires more sophisticated treatment like chloramination, extensive water quality monitoring, and management of water age and storage to properly maintain water quality standards.
This document provides information on reverse osmosis, including its principles, typical arrangements, operating parameters, applications, and troubleshooting. It discusses the basics of RO including interfaces, pore size distribution, and applied pressure. Pretreatment requirements are outlined to prevent fouling and scaling. Common membrane types and manufacturers are listed. Methods for interpreting changes in operating parameters that may indicate issues like fouling or scaling are described. Finally potential RO chemicals from antiscalants to biocides to cleaners are presented.
The document provides information on Circuit Water Engineering Equipment, a South African company that manufactures and distributes water and wastewater treatment equipment. It discusses the company's history and products. The products are used for municipal wastewater treatment, industrial water treatment, potable water treatment, and other applications like mining. Specific equipment discussed includes screens like the MEVA Rotoscreen, Monoscreen, and Multi Rake Screen. It also mentions grit removal equipment, conveyors, and other products.
Case Studies: Treatment of Acid Mine and Metal Contaminated Waters Using Zeol...Daniel Eyde
The Presentation presents case studies using zeolites in the treatment of acid mine and metal contaminated waters at Coal Operations in WV, & Legacy Mine Water Discharges at Uranium, Gold and Silver Operations in NM, MT and AZ
Testing and Implementation of AMD Mitigation, Alum Gulch-Flux Canyon, Cox Gul...Daniel Eyde
The document summarizes a plan to mitigate acid mine drainage (AMD) and heavy metals in several tributaries in southeastern Arizona that flow into Sonoita Creek and Patagonia Lake. The plan involves installing gabion retaining wall structures and stream bed footers containing zeolite materials downstream of mine discharge points to raise pH and reduce metals like zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper. Water quality and biological monitoring will occur before and after installation to evaluate effectiveness. Zeolites are effective at absorbing metals and raising pH, as shown in previous studies. The structures are intended to last 5-10 years before material replacement depending on runoff conditions.
The document discusses low impact development (LID) strategies for regulatory compliance and resource protection. It outlines five major components of LID: 1) conservation at the watershed and site levels, 2) site impact minimization, 3) maintaining natural water timing and flows, 4) utilizing integrated management practices like retention, detention and filtration, and 5) pollution prevention. The goal of LID is to mimic a site's natural hydrologic functions by infiltrating, filtering, storing, evaporating, and detaining runoff close to its source.
Water Management System at Chaibasa Cement Works presented by A.K.SrivastavaIndia Water Portal
This is a presentation from Chaibasa Cement Works,ACC Limited one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008.
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
This document is an abstract for a bachelor's thesis on the potential for membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment in China. MBRs provide high quality effluent suitable for reuse and can be used in decentralized or semi-decentralized systems. China faces water quality and availability challenges from pollution, uneven distribution, and increasing demand from urbanization. MBRs may help China address these issues through a leapfrogging process by skipping centralized wastewater treatment. The thesis analyzes China's lead market potential for MBRs by assessing demand, regulatory, market structure, and other factors compared to traditional lead markets. Results suggest lead markets can shift from first movers to follower countries experiencing high
The document summarizes a meeting of the East Fork Watershed Cooperative (EFWCoop). Key points:
1. The EFWCoop supports research projects related to watershed modeling, stream ecology monitoring, assessing best management practice effectiveness, and data management.
2. Water quality monitoring data from a drinking water treatment plant intake shows algal blooms are leading to increased disinfection byproduct levels and taste/odor issues.
3. Updates were provided on using high-resolution soil data and discretizing the watershed for modeling water quality trading scenarios in the Upper East Fork watershed using the SWAT model.
A Review of Zeolite Based Treatment Water Systems and Thier Applicability in ...Daniel Eyde
The revisions to the Clean Water Act, ever lower NPDES water discharge standards and competition for scarce water resources have increased the need for cost-effective water treatment products and applications. Many water treatment sites are remote and lack infrastructure, others are passive or semi-passisve wetlands and bioreactors whose effluent, while meeting discharge standards, still require additional treatment for turbidity, COD, BOD and pH adjustment. The use of natural zeolites, alone or in conjunction with other treatment technologies, have had success in mitigating amD/amR discharges, as well as heavy metals, turbidity, NH4+, Al, Mn and silica in coal and hard rock mining impacted effluents. In uranium mining areas and NURE impacted waters, treatment systems initially designed more for problems like for Three Mile Island and Fukushima have been effective in capturing radionuclides in both passive and active treatment systems, most recently at the Homestake Uranium Tailings at Grants, NM. The applicability of the ion exchange and filtration capabilities of zeolites, their ability to be used in passive treatment systems and their limitations are reviewed.
Water treatment for irrigation and agriculture:
1) Repulsive effect on nematodes
2) High performance with brackish water
3) Savings of fertilizers and phytosanitary products
Ohio Awwa 2008 Ozone Drinking Water TreatmentARSacco
This document summarizes an presentation about ozone drinking water treatment applications and operational improvements. It discusses how ozone provides multiple benefits including oxidation, disinfection, and improved flocculation. It also reviews regulatory requirements, operational considerations like bromate formation control and taste and odor removal. Finally, it discusses advances in ozone system design including more efficient generators and monitoring improvements.
The document discusses environmental challenges facing the sugar sector in Pakistan. It outlines various wastes produced during sugar production such as wastewater from mill houses containing suspended solids and oils. It then discusses potential environmental solutions including in-house improvement options to reduce waste at source, air and noise emission control measures, and wastewater treatment technologies. Specific treatment methods are described such as lagoons, trickling filters, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, and activated sludge treatment. ISO 14001 certification and benefits of environmental management systems are also summarized.
The document describes a proposed design to improve the denitrification process at the Pingree Park wastewater treatment plant. The current plant is not efficiently removing nutrients from wastewater. The proposed design splits the existing aeration tank into an anoxic tank and aerobic tank to implement a Bardenpho process. This will allow for denitrification to occur in the anoxic tank before the water enters the aerobic tank. The ratios between the tanks is 1.5:1 anoxic to aerobic volume. Recycled sludge and mixed liquor will be used to fuel denitrification. Calculations show the design will meet effluent standards of less than 5 mg/L for nitrates.
This is a presentation from ITC Limited, Bhadrachalam, one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
EVALUATION OF WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR MOREMarwan Haddad
This document evaluates water management options in Palestine to increase food security using the WEAP simulation model. It summarizes the current state of water resources and agriculture in Palestine, which faces restrictions from Israeli occupation. Three political scenarios are modeled from 2003-2025. Simulations show political status greatly impacts water availability and unmet demand, affecting food security. Water management modules like trading and pricing can reduce future water demand and positively impact food security in Palestine.
This document analyzes black water (sewage) management options for remote alpine and subalpine huts in Canada's mountains. It evaluates five options - pit toilet, barrel fly-out, incinerating toilet, carry-out, and composting toilet - on their life cycle costs, environmental impacts, and applicability to different locations that vary in elevation and visitor numbers. Composting toilets are found to generally have lower costs and impacts than other options. Additional research is recommended into improving and standardizing the composting process, separating and treating urine, and combining dehydration and incineration systems.
This document provides guidance on the health and environmental aspects of desalination for safe water supply. It discusses issues related to desalination technology, chemical aspects, sanitary microbiology, monitoring and regulation, and environmental impact assessment of desalination projects. The document aims to assist proposed and existing desalination facilities to optimize quality, safety, and environmental protection in the production and distribution of desalinated drinking water. It addresses both drinking water standards and environmental protection considerations.
The document discusses integrated water management and sustainability concerns related to industry water use. It notes that water stress is prominent in industrial areas and outlines three strategic signals related to increasing business disruption risks, license to operate risks, and rising water management costs. The document advocates for assessing the economics of water use, managing water risks, implementing advanced solutions like water reuse, and striving to ultimately reduce source water needs. An example case study highlights how a manufacturing company implemented water reuse measures to lower costs and environmental impacts.
Patent US 7854836 B2 Process for improving and recuperating waste, heavy and ...Carlos R. Conde
This patent describes a process for upgrading heavy hydrocarbons from waste drilling fluids. The process involves obtaining waste drilling fluid containing heavy hydrocarbons, contacting the fluid with a solvent like propane or LPG under upgrading conditions to produce an upgraded hydrocarbon product and asphaltene waste, and separating the upgraded hydrocarbon from the solvent. The upgrading improves properties of the heavy hydrocarbon like API gravity, sulfur content, and fluidity. The process aims to efficiently recover and improve heavy hydrocarbons from waste sources like drilling pits in a cost-effective and environmentally-friendly manner.
This document introduces a rapid water quality kit for testing produced water onsite for reuse in hydraulic fracturing operations. The kit allows operators to quickly screen water and identify those suitable for reuse. It tests for key chemicals and bacteria in under an hour, providing accurate results at a low cost. This helps reduce fresh water usage and produced water handling expenses, while allowing for real-time treatment decisions. The portable kit could benefit oilfield service companies and operators by lowering costs and improving water management workflows.
This document discusses the key considerations for a utility converting from groundwater to surface water sources. It outlines the public perception challenges, increased costs associated with capital investments, operation and monitoring, and the need for greater treatment and system operation expertise. Specifically, surface water requires more sophisticated treatment like chloramination, extensive water quality monitoring, and management of water age and storage to properly maintain water quality standards.
This document provides information on reverse osmosis, including its principles, typical arrangements, operating parameters, applications, and troubleshooting. It discusses the basics of RO including interfaces, pore size distribution, and applied pressure. Pretreatment requirements are outlined to prevent fouling and scaling. Common membrane types and manufacturers are listed. Methods for interpreting changes in operating parameters that may indicate issues like fouling or scaling are described. Finally potential RO chemicals from antiscalants to biocides to cleaners are presented.
The document provides information on Circuit Water Engineering Equipment, a South African company that manufactures and distributes water and wastewater treatment equipment. It discusses the company's history and products. The products are used for municipal wastewater treatment, industrial water treatment, potable water treatment, and other applications like mining. Specific equipment discussed includes screens like the MEVA Rotoscreen, Monoscreen, and Multi Rake Screen. It also mentions grit removal equipment, conveyors, and other products.
Case Studies: Treatment of Acid Mine and Metal Contaminated Waters Using Zeol...Daniel Eyde
The Presentation presents case studies using zeolites in the treatment of acid mine and metal contaminated waters at Coal Operations in WV, & Legacy Mine Water Discharges at Uranium, Gold and Silver Operations in NM, MT and AZ
Testing and Implementation of AMD Mitigation, Alum Gulch-Flux Canyon, Cox Gul...Daniel Eyde
The document summarizes a plan to mitigate acid mine drainage (AMD) and heavy metals in several tributaries in southeastern Arizona that flow into Sonoita Creek and Patagonia Lake. The plan involves installing gabion retaining wall structures and stream bed footers containing zeolite materials downstream of mine discharge points to raise pH and reduce metals like zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper. Water quality and biological monitoring will occur before and after installation to evaluate effectiveness. Zeolites are effective at absorbing metals and raising pH, as shown in previous studies. The structures are intended to last 5-10 years before material replacement depending on runoff conditions.
The document discusses low impact development (LID) strategies for regulatory compliance and resource protection. It outlines five major components of LID: 1) conservation at the watershed and site levels, 2) site impact minimization, 3) maintaining natural water timing and flows, 4) utilizing integrated management practices like retention, detention and filtration, and 5) pollution prevention. The goal of LID is to mimic a site's natural hydrologic functions by infiltrating, filtering, storing, evaporating, and detaining runoff close to its source.
Water Management System at Chaibasa Cement Works presented by A.K.SrivastavaIndia Water Portal
This is a presentation from Chaibasa Cement Works,ACC Limited one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008.
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
This document is an abstract for a bachelor's thesis on the potential for membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology for wastewater treatment in China. MBRs provide high quality effluent suitable for reuse and can be used in decentralized or semi-decentralized systems. China faces water quality and availability challenges from pollution, uneven distribution, and increasing demand from urbanization. MBRs may help China address these issues through a leapfrogging process by skipping centralized wastewater treatment. The thesis analyzes China's lead market potential for MBRs by assessing demand, regulatory, market structure, and other factors compared to traditional lead markets. Results suggest lead markets can shift from first movers to follower countries experiencing high
The document summarizes a meeting of the East Fork Watershed Cooperative (EFWCoop). Key points:
1. The EFWCoop supports research projects related to watershed modeling, stream ecology monitoring, assessing best management practice effectiveness, and data management.
2. Water quality monitoring data from a drinking water treatment plant intake shows algal blooms are leading to increased disinfection byproduct levels and taste/odor issues.
3. Updates were provided on using high-resolution soil data and discretizing the watershed for modeling water quality trading scenarios in the Upper East Fork watershed using the SWAT model.
A Review of Zeolite Based Treatment Water Systems and Thier Applicability in ...Daniel Eyde
The revisions to the Clean Water Act, ever lower NPDES water discharge standards and competition for scarce water resources have increased the need for cost-effective water treatment products and applications. Many water treatment sites are remote and lack infrastructure, others are passive or semi-passisve wetlands and bioreactors whose effluent, while meeting discharge standards, still require additional treatment for turbidity, COD, BOD and pH adjustment. The use of natural zeolites, alone or in conjunction with other treatment technologies, have had success in mitigating amD/amR discharges, as well as heavy metals, turbidity, NH4+, Al, Mn and silica in coal and hard rock mining impacted effluents. In uranium mining areas and NURE impacted waters, treatment systems initially designed more for problems like for Three Mile Island and Fukushima have been effective in capturing radionuclides in both passive and active treatment systems, most recently at the Homestake Uranium Tailings at Grants, NM. The applicability of the ion exchange and filtration capabilities of zeolites, their ability to be used in passive treatment systems and their limitations are reviewed.
Water treatment for irrigation and agriculture:
1) Repulsive effect on nematodes
2) High performance with brackish water
3) Savings of fertilizers and phytosanitary products
Ohio Awwa 2008 Ozone Drinking Water TreatmentARSacco
This document summarizes an presentation about ozone drinking water treatment applications and operational improvements. It discusses how ozone provides multiple benefits including oxidation, disinfection, and improved flocculation. It also reviews regulatory requirements, operational considerations like bromate formation control and taste and odor removal. Finally, it discusses advances in ozone system design including more efficient generators and monitoring improvements.
The document discusses environmental challenges facing the sugar sector in Pakistan. It outlines various wastes produced during sugar production such as wastewater from mill houses containing suspended solids and oils. It then discusses potential environmental solutions including in-house improvement options to reduce waste at source, air and noise emission control measures, and wastewater treatment technologies. Specific treatment methods are described such as lagoons, trickling filters, upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactors, and activated sludge treatment. ISO 14001 certification and benefits of environmental management systems are also summarized.
The document describes a proposed design to improve the denitrification process at the Pingree Park wastewater treatment plant. The current plant is not efficiently removing nutrients from wastewater. The proposed design splits the existing aeration tank into an anoxic tank and aerobic tank to implement a Bardenpho process. This will allow for denitrification to occur in the anoxic tank before the water enters the aerobic tank. The ratios between the tanks is 1.5:1 anoxic to aerobic volume. Recycled sludge and mixed liquor will be used to fuel denitrification. Calculations show the design will meet effluent standards of less than 5 mg/L for nitrates.
This is a presentation from ITC Limited, Bhadrachalam, one of the finalists at the 5th CII-GBC National Award for Excellence in Water Management in 2008
The awards are in 2 categories, Within the Fence for work done on minimizing the organisations water footprint, and Beyond the Fence for work done in the community around the industry.
This presentation was in the "Within the Fence" category.
We thank CII and the respective companies for giving us permission to upload these presentations on the India Water Portal website for dissemination to a wider audience.
EVALUATION OF WATER MANAGEMENT OPTIONS FOR MOREMarwan Haddad
This document evaluates water management options in Palestine to increase food security using the WEAP simulation model. It summarizes the current state of water resources and agriculture in Palestine, which faces restrictions from Israeli occupation. Three political scenarios are modeled from 2003-2025. Simulations show political status greatly impacts water availability and unmet demand, affecting food security. Water management modules like trading and pricing can reduce future water demand and positively impact food security in Palestine.
This document analyzes black water (sewage) management options for remote alpine and subalpine huts in Canada's mountains. It evaluates five options - pit toilet, barrel fly-out, incinerating toilet, carry-out, and composting toilet - on their life cycle costs, environmental impacts, and applicability to different locations that vary in elevation and visitor numbers. Composting toilets are found to generally have lower costs and impacts than other options. Additional research is recommended into improving and standardizing the composting process, separating and treating urine, and combining dehydration and incineration systems.
Presentation1 for kazakhstan oil & gas summit 2015Baig Ali
This document provides an overview of environmental protection measures for oil and gas exploration and production. It discusses topics like exploration surveying, drilling operations, production processes, pollution prevention, water treatment, oil spill response, environmental impacts on ecosystems, and decommissioning. It also covers regulatory frameworks, management systems, impacts of drilling fluids, assessing alternatives, and stakeholder understanding for reducing fossil fuel impacts.
This document discusses management of produced water from oil and gas operations using the 3R's (reduce, reuse, recycle) and 3E's (efficiency, environmental acceptability, economic viability) frameworks. It outlines various produced water treatment and disposal technologies currently used, including media filtration, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, and beneficial reuse options. The document recommends choosing combinations of solutions tailored to each situation considering technical, economic, regulatory and environmental factors. Overall management of produced water is important given water scarcity issues and must involve awareness building and education efforts at all levels.
The document discusses issues around produced water from energy development and opportunities for water reuse. It notes that produced water volumes can be significant, especially from unconventional sources like coal bed methane. While fracking uses a small percentage of total water, agricultural use is much larger. Produced water reuse projects could help address water shortages, but regulatory hurdles around water rights and discharge standards must be overcome. Treatment technologies are improving and customized approaches may enable wider reuse of produced water in the future.
The effect of associated water on the environmentwedad ali
Associated water is any water that is present in a reservoir with the hydrocarbon resource
which is produced to the surface with the crude oil or natural gas.
This document summarizes water management considerations for hydraulic fracturing operations in the Bakken shale formation in North Dakota. It discusses water use, sourcing, transportation, storage, treatment and disposal of produced water. The average water use per well is 2.1 million gallons, ranging from 1 to 9.5 million gallons, with primary sources being municipal fresh water and Lake Sakakawea. Produced water quality ranges from 30,000 to 250,000 ppm TDS. Approximately 20% of produced water is reused for fracturing while the remaining 80% is disposed via underground injection.
EN - Alternative use of water in the upstream and downstream oil&gas industry Degrémont Industry
Degrémont Industry will attend at the Society of Petroleum Engineers workshop on « Integrated Water Management in the upstream and downstream Oil & Gas industry» December 3-5 in Lisbon (Portugal). This fifth workshop held between European and Asia-Pacific locations since 2008 will draw attendees from all the major oil and gas producing regions around the globe and will explore how our understanding of the technologies for integrated water management can improve greenfield projects. Bertrand Garnier, our Technical & New Offers Director will speak about the alternative use of water facing water scarcity, stricts regulations and costs optimisation…
This document discusses produced water, which is water brought to the surface during oil and gas production. It defines produced water and its characteristics, such as high salinity. It provides data on produced water volumes in the US and internationally, and the different management practices used. Finally, it outlines how the water needs and volumes produced vary between different types of hydrocarbon production such as conventional, coalbed methane, shale gas, and oil sands. While shale gas receives significant attention, it accounts for less than 6% of total produced water in the US.
Offshore oil and gas production in the Gulf of Mexico generates large volumes of produced water. Nearly 91% of the 587,353 barrels per day of produced water from offshore wells is treated on platforms and discharged into the ocean, as regulated by NPDES permits. A variety of physical, chemical, and biological treatment technologies are used to clean produced water before discharge to meet permit limits for oil and grease.
Produced Water | Session XII - A. Judson Hillatlanticcouncil
NGP Energy Capital Management is a premier investment franchise that has managed $13 billion over 23 years focused on natural resources, including oil, gas, and water infrastructure projects. They have a top quartile investment track record with a 31% gross IRR since 1988. NGP's investment thesis is to partner with executive teams in the energy and water sectors using their domain expertise and capital to address critical resource challenges like increasing water scarcity through strategies like recycling and desalination.
Produced water is water produced from oil and gas extraction operations. It originates from hydrocarbon-bearing formations and can also migrate from adjacent formations. Global produced water volumes are estimated at over 100 billion barrels per year. Produced water is chemically complex, saline, heterogeneous, and can contain toxic substances and process chemicals. Common management practices for produced water include reuse in enhanced oil recovery, surface disposal, underground injection, and beneficial use. More research is needed to improve treatment technologies and develop more sustainable management methods for the large volumes of produced water.
Produced water overview ppt, Oct 2011, M RashidMahbubur Rashid
This document discusses produced water handling and treatment technologies. Produced water is a byproduct of oil and gas production that contains dispersed oil, solids, production chemicals and heavy metals. It requires treatment before disposal or reuse. The document outlines various separation and treatment technologies used, including settling, flotation, filtration and advanced processes. It provides guidelines for selecting technologies based on water characteristics and disposal criteria. Future developments discussed include downhole separation and subsea treatment to reduce volumes brought to the surface.
Management Options and Policy Guidelines forUse of Poor Quality Ground water...UTTAM KUMAR
the amount and quality of irrigation water available in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world are the main limiting factors to the agricultural productivity. Saline-sodic irrigation water, coupled with low annual rainfall and high evapotranspiration in the arid and semi-arid regions, not only results in accumulation of soluble salts in soil solution but also exhibit external signs of salt toxicity in the plants. therefore research works are needed to find the best cultivation conditions for uses of p
Produced water reuse for hydraulic fracturing in the Eagle Ford presents several challenges. Blending produced water with fresh water can allow for some reuse, but compatibility issues may lead to premature crosslinking or scaling. Developing fracturing fluid packages specifically for more challenging water sources is needed. The feasibility of produced water reuse depends on an evaluation of compatibility, logistics, reliability, cost, and environmental factors, and has not proven to be a single industry-wide solution for reducing freshwater use.
This document discusses how recycling produced water from oil and gas production can help address Texas' growing water supply challenges. It notes that Texas' population and water demand are projected to increase substantially by 2060 while supplies are expected to decline. Recycling two-thirds of the roughly 7 billion barrels of produced water generated annually could meet 3.3% of the state's current water demand and 26% of the projected shortage in 2020, providing an unexpected solution to the state's water crisis through beneficial reuse of this resource.
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This must the discovery of the decade. Walnut shells are used to purify water from any sort of Contamination and has been a blessing for the Oil & Gas Sector.
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Frac flow back water is water that returns to the surface after hydraulic fracturing and contains contaminants like oil, chemicals, and minerals. The Hydro-Pod system uses a three step process to remove these contaminants: 1) Ozone oxidizes the contaminants, 2) Electro coagulation agglomerates the contaminants into particles, and 3) pH adjustment and polymer addition allow remaining contaminants to be removed. This process cleans the water sufficiently to be reused in future fracking operations with no environmental liability.
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Pharmaceutical Wastewater Treatability Studies by SAT with Conjunction with N...IRJET Journal
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Steve Malloy, Principal Engineer, Irvine Ranch Water District (IRWD) presents on the selection of MBR technology, including pre-selection and purchase of the membrane equipment, a description of the IRWD MBR facility, and lessons learned for use by other agencies, consulting engineers, and equipment vendors considering installation of an MBR for recycled water production.
This document provides an overview of water issues and sewage treatment processes. It discusses the global water crisis, reasons for water scarcity in India like increasing demand and decreasing supply. It then describes the various unit processes involved in sewage treatment like bar screens, neutralization, activated sludge process using aeration tanks and secondary clarifiers, and tertiary treatment using processes like filtration and UV disinfection. The importance of proper operation and maintenance of sewage treatment plants is also emphasized.
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Reservoir engineers cannot capture full value from waterflood projects on their own. Cross-functional participation from earth sciences, production, drilling, completions, and facility engineering, and operational groups is required to get full value from waterfloods. Waterflood design and operational case histories of cross-functional collaboration are provided that have improved life cycle costs and increased recovery for onshore and offshore waterfloods. The role that water quality, surveillance, reservoir processing rates, and layered reservoir management has on waterflood oil recovery and life cycle costs will be clarified. Techniques to get better performance out of your waterflood will be shared.
IRJET- Economical Water Purifier using Natural and Waste MaterialsIRJET Journal
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This document summarizes a university student's investigation into desalination and its brine waste. It provides background on desalination processes like reverse osmosis and multi-stage flash distillation. These produce brine waste that is more concentrated than seawater and can harm coastal ecosystems if discharged untreated. The document examines environmental impacts like altered ecosystems and erosion from brine discharge. It then evaluates potential solutions like precipitating silver chloride from brine or electrolyzing sodium chloride to produce useful byproducts. The student concludes electrolysis of sodium chloride is the best option as the gases produced could be sold to offset costs while lowering brine chlorine levels and fossil fuel use.
When I first started researching into Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD), I found out that there no compact guides for this process online. This is how the idea for a ZLD booklet was born. This
rough guide is meant to help you understand the basics and to decide what’s best for your Brine Treatment case. Our Team in Lenntech B.V. will be happy to help you out with the details
and to find the best available options that will decrease the cost and increase the efficiency of
your project.
Christos Charisiadis
R&D engineer
christos@lenntech.com
September 2018
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Water Quality, Quantity, and Management: Lessons from the Marcellus Shale Region
1. Water Quality, Quantity, and
Management: Lessons from the
Marcellus Shale Region
Radisav D. Vidic, PhD, PE
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering
University of Pittsburgh
civil and environmental engineering
4. Water Supply Issues
• Need 2 to 6 Million gallons of water per well for hydraulic
fracturing
• Surface Water Withdrawals
– Concerns about depletion of water resources, especially in drought years
– Impacts to aquatic life
– Ability to get withdrawals approved
– Don’t really need high quality water, but consistent quality is important
• Transportation of water
– 1 MG = 200 trucks
– Cost can be significant (up to $2/bbl)
• Water storage on site
civil and environmental engineering
5. Water Withdrawal in PA
• Need 2 to 6 Million gallons of water per well for a multi-
stage hydrofracturing
Water-use category Water withdrawal Percentage
(MGD) (%)
Public supply 1420 15
Domestic 152 1.6
Irrigation 24.3 0.3
Livestock 61.8 0.6
Aquaculture 524 5.5
Industrial 770 8.1
Mining 95.7 1
Thermoelectric power plants 6430 67.7
Marcellus Shale exploitation in 2013 18.7 0.2
(Gaudlip et al. 2008)
civil and environmental engineering
6. Water Use in PA
Marcellus Shale Play is not a significant water user in PA
civil and environmental engineering
7. Water Transfer Issues
- Trucks
- Temporary surface lines
- Permanent subsurface lines
civil and environmental engineering
8. Water Storage Issues
Storage options:
• Centralized
impoundment—
now becoming
more prominent
• Single pad-
dedicated
impoundment
• Frac tanks
Storage based on
ultimate scale of
operations (long vs.
short term)
civil and environmental engineering
10. Fracture Fluid Composition
Additive type Main Compound Purpose
Diluted acid (15%) Hydrochloric or Dissolve minerals and initiates
Muriatic cracks in rock
Biocide Glutaraldehyde, DBNPA Bacterial control
Corrosion inhibitor N,n-dimethyl Prevents corrosion
formamide
Breaker Ammonium persulfate Delays breakdown of gel polymers
Crosslinker Borate salts Maintains fluid viscosity at high
temperature
Polyacrylamide Minimize friction between the
Friction reducers fluid and the pipe
Mineral oil
Gel Guar gum or Thickens water to suspend the
hydroxyethyl cellulose sand
civil and environmental engineering
11. Fracture Fluid Composition
Additive type Main Compound Purpose
Iron control Citric acid Prevent precipitation of metal
oxides
Oxygen scavenger Ammonium bisulfite Remove oxygen from fluid to
reduce pipe corrosion
pH adjustment Potassium or sodium Maintains effectiveness of other
carbonate compounds (e.g., crosslinker)
Proppant Silica quartz sand Keeps fractures open
Scale inhibitor Ethylene glycol Reduce deposition on pipe
Surfactant Isopropanol Increase viscosity of fluid
civil and environmental engineering
13. Anatomy of
a Vertical Well
Marcellus Shale wells are cased
and grouted (using special
cements) to prevent migration of
natural gas and fluid from the
producing zone up the well bore
into fresh-water aquifers.
civil and environmental engineering
14. Wastewater Issues
Flowback water Produced water
Flowrate High Low (10-50 bbl/day)
Duration 1 – 2 weeks Life of the well
TDS < 200,000 mg/L > 300,000 mg/L
Chemical additives Same as flowback but more
Composition
Naturally occuring constituents salts
Water recovery
10 – 40 %
Flowrate varies
with location
civil and environmental engineering
15. Wastewater Storage Issues
Storage options:
• Centralized
impoundment
• Single pad-
dedicated
impoundment
• Frac tanks
Environmental Risks
- Leakage
- Erosion and sediment control
civil and environmental engineering
20. Disposal Wells
• Require demonstration that injected fluids remain
confined and isolated from fresh water aquifers
• Limited capacities (1200 to 3000 bpd)
• Substantial capital investment with uncertain life
span ($1M to $2M)
• Probably will only play a limited role
• Depleted shallower wells are currently being
evaluated!?!?
civil and environmental engineering
24. Impact on Surface Water Quality
CROOKED CREEK & McKEE RUN
Bromide Concentration (ppb)
Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb March April May June July Aug Sept Oct
Sample Site
2010 2010 2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011
McKee Upstream of Plant B 29 79 61 36 27 17 32 66 93 63 26 25
Run Donwstream of Plant B 20 X 10 X 9X 10 X 1.1 X 3X 3X 8X 8X 27 X 34 X 4X 17X
Blue Spruce Bridge 57 39 64 87 37 38 13 53 83 116 114 56 25
Crooked
Creek Bridge St. Bridge 1130 345 639 774 42 111 44 414 640 3100 3900 214 427
Stitt Hil Rd. Bridge 280 467 396 173 74 53 112 258 578 582 426 103
(Casson, L., 2012)
civil and environmental engineering
25. Disposal to POTWs
• Chosen option in the past
• POTWs use biological processes
• Biological systems cannot handle high salinity
(few case studies above 35,000 mg/L)
• Require an approved pretreatment program
civil and environmental engineering
26. Treatment for Reuse in Fracking
Operations
• Reduce O&G industry needs for surface water
• Reduce overall management costs
– Volume reduction
– Transportation costs
– Disposal costs
• Reduce potential liability
civil and environmental engineering
27. Water Bank Concept
• Reuse difficult for smaller operators
– Insufficient well count
– Insufficient capital
• Develop rules for water banking
– Smaller operator dispose of their wastewater in
regional impoundments
– Larger operators get credit for water reuse and
pollution elimination
civil and environmental engineering
28. Recycling/Reuse
• 4800 wells on 625 mi2
• 3 refractures/well
• 33% water reuse
- Works for 12-15 yrs
- Eventually we are a
net producer of water
civil and environmental engineering
29. Total Water Balance Within a Gas Field
(Kujivenhoven et al., 2011)
civil and environmental engineering
29
30. Treatment Options
100
Crystallizers
Water Recovery (%)
Evaporation
75 Limited recovery
at high TDS
50
25,000 50,000 100,000 300,000
Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L)
civil and environmental engineering
31. Complete Treatment Process
FLOWBACK
WASTE
WATER FRAC BRINE
SOURCE OPERATIONS PRODUCED STORAGE
WATER
RECOVERED WATER Pretreatment
ROAD BRINE BRINE
DEICING CRYSTALLIZER CONCENTRATOR
Volume
SALT Reduction
Based on
TDS
PURGE TO
95% Volume
DISPOSAL
Reduction
civil and environmental engineering
33. Salt production in Marcellus region
• 100,000 wells
• 10 barrels/day/well of produced water
• 300,000 mg/L salinity of produced water
• 80% salt recovery
• Total NaCl produced in PA = 8 million tons
• Total salt use for deicing in the US = 12-15 million tons
civil and environmental engineering
34. AMD in Pennsylvania
• Pennsylvania’s single greatest source of water pollution
– Contaminated 4,000 miles of streams
• Elevated levels of iron and sulfate
• Can have elevated hardness
• TDS typically around 1,000 mg/L
• May be suitable as fracking water make up with little or
no treatment
civil and environmental engineering
36. Co-treatment of flowback water and AMD
Flowback water Abandoned mine
drainage (AMD)
Barium, Strontium, Calcium Sulfate
Hydraulic fracturing
Enables the reuse of flowback water for hydraulic fracturing with
limited treatment => decreases the treatment and transport cost
of flowback water
civil and environmental engineering
36
37. Summary
• Marcellus shale development hinges on
documenting environmental impacts and developing
sustainable water management
• Almost no direct disposal options and limited
treatment options for flowback/produced water
• Flowback water reuse appears to be the most
effective option
• Water reuse has a finite lifetime
• Salt management may become a major issue in PA
• AMD is a promising/convenient water source for
hydraulic fracturing
civil and environmental engineering
38. Thank You for
Your Attention
Questions?
civil and environmental engineering
39. Natural Gas Production
Source: Annual Energy Outlook, EIA, 2011
civil and environmental engineering
40. History of Hydrofracturing
• First test in 1903
• First commercial use in 1949
• More than 1,000,000 wells by 1998
• Nowadays, 35,000 wells per year with new
technology
civil and environmental engineering
44. Typical Efficiencies of Thermoelectric
Power Plants
Source: Stilwell et al., 2009
civil and environmental engineering
45. Water Use in Thermoelectric Power Plants
civil and environmental engineering
46. Flow scheme 1: Conventional Water Management
Flowback
“Fresh” Class II Well
Water Disposal
Well 1
Represents Maximum Water Demand
(No Water Reuse)
Conventional approach in Barnett and other plays
Difficult in Marcellus (only 7 Class II wells)
civil and environmental engineering
47. Flow scheme 2: On-Site Primary Treatment for Reuse
On-Site
Settling
SS & FR Rem
Well 1
High TDS
Reuse Water
Blend
Makeup Water
(Fresh Water)
Well 2
civil and environmental engineering
48. Flow scheme 3: Off-Site Primary Treatment for
Reuse
Sedimenta-
On-Site Rapid Mix tion & Hard- Rapid Sand
Settling w/ Caustic Filter
ness Rem
SS Removal & Flocculant
Well 1 Near-Field Disinfect
Belt Press
Primary (Ozone or
Treatment Peroxide)
Solids to Landfill
High TDS Water
For Reuse
Blend
Makeup Water
(Fresh Water)
Well 2
civil and environmental engineering
49. Flow scheme 4: Off-Site Primary Treatment and
Demineralization
Demineral- Concentrated
On-Site Near Field Ization Brine
Settling
SS Removal
Primary
Treatment Mechanical
Well 1
Vapor
Recomp Disposal
(Class II Well)
Or
By-Product
Recovery
Distilled Water (Crystallizer)
For Reuse
Blend
Makeup Water
(Fresh Water)
Well 2
civil and environmental engineering
50. Economic Comparison of Flow Schemes
Basis: 1 million gallons of flowback (23,800 barrels)
Flow Scheme FS 1 FS 2 FS 3 FS4
Method Transport to “In Field” Primary “Near Field” “In-Field”
Class II Well Treatment Precipitation Evaporation
for Disposal for Reuse for Reuse for Reuse
Treatment $ - 71 83 119
Transport $ 75 1 24 24
Brine Disposal $ 60 - - 19
Sludge Disposal $ - 2 6 6
Total Cost ($x1000) 135 74 113 168
Cost per barrel 5.67 3.10 4.75 7.05
Hardness Removal 100% 0% 97% 100%
Ba removal 100% 0% 99% 100%
Salt Removal 100% 0% 0% 100%
Water reused 0 99% 97% 90%
civil and environmental engineering
51. Geosteering
civil and environmental engineering
There is infinitely small chance that the frac fluids will reach the groundwater supply once it is injected at 5-8,000 ft depth
AMD Source is plentiful and local. Greater source of water pollution in PA Presence of discharges, mine poolActive mines treat their water but a lot are abandoned. Some watershed associations install passive treatments.Possibility of readilya and locally available water source for HF