This document summarizes an presentation about ozone drinking water treatment applications and operational improvements. It discusses how ozone provides multiple benefits including oxidation, disinfection, and improved flocculation. It also reviews regulatory requirements, operational considerations like bromate formation control and taste and odor removal. Finally, it discusses advances in ozone system design including more efficient generators and monitoring improvements.
Spartan Environmental Technologies supplies ozone water treatment and advanced oxidation systems. They provide both skid-mounted integrated systems and individual equipment components. They offer a range of support services including laboratory testing, pilot testing, engineering support, and equipment servicing. Their ozone systems are used for applications like drinking water treatment, cooling water treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation. They also represent ESCO International in supplying advanced oxidation processes using technologies like UV/ozone, UV/peroxide, and ozone/peroxide systems.
Advanced oxidation processes to recover reverse osmosis cleaning watersacciona
Marina Arnaldos, responsable de desalación de desalación y nuevas tecnologías de ACCIONA Agua, presentó la ponencia “Advanced oxidation processes to recover reverse osmosis cleaning waters for irrigation purposes” en la conferencia anual que la asociación europea de desalación ha celebrado en Roma entre los días 22-26 de mayo de 2016.
Advanced Oxidation Process for Industrial Water Treatment and Waste WaterUus Soedjak
This document discusses advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water treatment and wastewater. AOPs involve generating strong oxidizing agents like hydroxyl radicals that react with organic contaminants in water. There are several AOP technologies including ozone/ultraviolet irradiation, hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet irradiation, and Fenton's reaction. While AOPs have been implemented in some industries, their commercial use is still limited due to relatively high costs. The document provides examples of different AOP technologies and references for further information.
Omni Solutions provides water treatment systems that use advanced oxidation processes to purify water. Their CBW system uses counter flow mixing, an advanced oxidative gas generator, and UV irradiation lamps to reduce bacteria and other contaminants by 99.9% without chemicals. The system injects oxidative gas generated on-site and exposes the water to UV light to generate hydroxyl radicals that safely and effectively treat the water.
Silvia Jimenez Herrera, ingeniera de I+D en ACCIONA Agua, presenta la ponencia “Novel Process for Produced Water Polishing: Enhanced Flotation Combined With Advanced Oxidation Processes’ durante la conferencia anual que la asociación europea de desalación ha celebrado en Roma entre los días 22-26 de mayo de 2016.
Ozone is an effective method for treating micropollutants like pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Conventional treatment does not fully remove persistent micropollutants, which can have negative environmental impacts. Ozone reacts quickly with these micropollutants through oxidation, eliminating many at trace concentrations. Pilot tests show ozone reduces micropollutants to below detection limits at dosages of 5-15 mg/L. Ozone treatment is an environmentally friendly option that avoids harmful byproducts of other chemical treatments.
Ozone is a powerful oxidant used for water and wastewater treatment. It eliminates bacteria, viruses and other contaminants without creating harmful byproducts. Ozone can replace chlorine and reduce chemical usage. It leaves no residual taste or odor and is generated on-site from air or oxygen. Ozone improves various industrial processes and has applications in cooling towers, dairy, medical, drinking water treatment, and more. Ozone Solutions offers ozone generators of various sizes for different treatment needs.
Spartan Environmental Technologies supplies ozone water treatment and advanced oxidation systems. They provide both skid-mounted integrated systems and individual equipment components. They offer a range of support services including laboratory testing, pilot testing, engineering support, and equipment servicing. Their ozone systems are used for applications like drinking water treatment, cooling water treatment, industrial wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation. They also represent ESCO International in supplying advanced oxidation processes using technologies like UV/ozone, UV/peroxide, and ozone/peroxide systems.
Advanced oxidation processes to recover reverse osmosis cleaning watersacciona
Marina Arnaldos, responsable de desalación de desalación y nuevas tecnologías de ACCIONA Agua, presentó la ponencia “Advanced oxidation processes to recover reverse osmosis cleaning waters for irrigation purposes” en la conferencia anual que la asociación europea de desalación ha celebrado en Roma entre los días 22-26 de mayo de 2016.
Advanced Oxidation Process for Industrial Water Treatment and Waste WaterUus Soedjak
This document discusses advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for water treatment and wastewater. AOPs involve generating strong oxidizing agents like hydroxyl radicals that react with organic contaminants in water. There are several AOP technologies including ozone/ultraviolet irradiation, hydrogen peroxide/ultraviolet irradiation, and Fenton's reaction. While AOPs have been implemented in some industries, their commercial use is still limited due to relatively high costs. The document provides examples of different AOP technologies and references for further information.
Omni Solutions provides water treatment systems that use advanced oxidation processes to purify water. Their CBW system uses counter flow mixing, an advanced oxidative gas generator, and UV irradiation lamps to reduce bacteria and other contaminants by 99.9% without chemicals. The system injects oxidative gas generated on-site and exposes the water to UV light to generate hydroxyl radicals that safely and effectively treat the water.
Silvia Jimenez Herrera, ingeniera de I+D en ACCIONA Agua, presenta la ponencia “Novel Process for Produced Water Polishing: Enhanced Flotation Combined With Advanced Oxidation Processes’ durante la conferencia anual que la asociación europea de desalación ha celebrado en Roma entre los días 22-26 de mayo de 2016.
Ozone is an effective method for treating micropollutants like pharmaceuticals in wastewater. Conventional treatment does not fully remove persistent micropollutants, which can have negative environmental impacts. Ozone reacts quickly with these micropollutants through oxidation, eliminating many at trace concentrations. Pilot tests show ozone reduces micropollutants to below detection limits at dosages of 5-15 mg/L. Ozone treatment is an environmentally friendly option that avoids harmful byproducts of other chemical treatments.
Ozone is a powerful oxidant used for water and wastewater treatment. It eliminates bacteria, viruses and other contaminants without creating harmful byproducts. Ozone can replace chlorine and reduce chemical usage. It leaves no residual taste or odor and is generated on-site from air or oxygen. Ozone improves various industrial processes and has applications in cooling towers, dairy, medical, drinking water treatment, and more. Ozone Solutions offers ozone generators of various sizes for different treatment needs.
Removal of boron from aqueous solution using reverse osmosisakhilesh kushwaha
This document presents information on removing boron from water using reverse osmosis (RO). It discusses the health risks of boron in drinking water and various boron removal methods. It outlines the RO process, factors that affect it like pH, pressure and temperature. Experimental results show boron rejection increased with higher pH and pressure. The conclusion is that RO can effectively remove boron when optimizing operating conditions.
Raw water coming from different sources contains dissolved salts and un-dissolved or suspended impurities. It is necessary to remove harmful salts dissolved into the water before feeding it to the boiler.
This document outlines World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water quality. It discusses parameters for acceptability, microbiological, chemical, and radiological quality. It provides threshold values for physical parameters like turbidity and chemical constituents like chlorides, hardness, pH and heavy metals. It also addresses bacteriological indicators of contamination, disinfection methods, and biological aspects related to protozoa and helminths. Further, it outlines limits for inorganic and organic constituents and discusses principles for establishing safe drinking water guidelines like tolerable daily intake. The document emphasizes the importance of surveillance functions like water source approval, monitoring programs, and inspection to help provide safe drinking water.
Treatment Technologies for Ammonia in Liquid Manure: Nitrification/denitrific...LPE Learning Center
This document summarizes research on biological nitrogen removal technologies for liquid livestock manure, including nitrification/denitrification and deammonification processes. It describes the operation of full-scale systems in North Carolina that achieved over 90% removal of ammonia and total nitrogen using nitrification/denitrification. It also discusses single-tank deammonification reactors that removed ammonia from swine wastewater with 100% efficiency while reducing aeration needs by 57% compared to traditional methods. The research isolated specialized bacteria that enabled these nitrogen removal processes to work efficiently even at low temperatures.
The document discusses biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which measures the amount of oxygen used by microorganisms to break down organic waste in water. When organic waste is present, bacteria consume dissolved oxygen to decompose the waste. BOD tests how much oxygen is absorbed over 5 days at 20°C. A high BOD level indicates more organic waste requiring decomposition, lowering available oxygen for aquatic life. BOD is used to measure water pollution and assess treatment plant performance by comparing raw sewage and treated effluent BOD levels. Proper BOD testing follows steps including sample collection, dilution, seeding with bacteria, initial and final oxygen readings, and calculations to determine BOD in mg/L.
Application of Hydrodynamic cavitation as advanced oxidation process to treat...Sivakumar Kale
This document discusses the application of hydrodynamic cavitation as an advanced oxidation process to treat industrial wastewater. It begins by explaining that conventional biological treatment cannot fully degrade non-biodegradable compounds in industrial wastewater. It then introduces hydrodynamic cavitation as an alternative, describing how cavitation generates radicals that can degrade pollutants. The document outlines the experimental setup used, including a venturi tube reactor, and describes the degradation mechanisms of mechanical effects, chemical effects from radicals, and thermal effects. It presents results showing the process can oxidize over 99% of certain compounds. It concludes by discussing the need for further research on pressure profiles, reaction kinetics, and scaling the technology.
Shaw AFB provides an annual water quality report to inform residents, workers, and guests about the quality of drinking water. The report covers the period from January to December 2011. Water sources are wells that draw from the Upper and Lower Black Creek Aquifers. Testing found levels of contaminants like chlorine, nitrate, fluoride, trichloroethylene, alpha particles, and radium below EPA standards. Special precautions for some contaminants are advised for vulnerable groups.
This document discusses ultraviolet (UV) water treatment technology. It begins by explaining how UV radiation works to damage DNA in microorganisms like bacteria and viruses. It then outlines several industrial and municipal applications of UV water treatment, including for process water, ballast water, drinking water, and sewage treatment. The advantages of UV treatment are highlighted as not introducing chemicals, being effective against chlorine-resistant pathogens, and having low operating costs. Controls systems and equipment for medium to high capacity UV sterilizers are also described.
This document provides an overview of cleaning reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane elements. It discusses common types of fouling and scaling like carbonate, sulfate, organic and biological, and recommends appropriate cleaning methods. Cleaning solutions may include acids, bases, chelating agents and detergents. The document outlines the cleaning process, safety procedures, and recommends feed flow rates during cleaning based on element size and pressure. The goal of cleaning is to remove buildup and restore membrane performance by reducing pressure and increasing permeate flow.
UV Oxidation has been successfully employed for many difficult-to-treat contaminants in drinking water. This presentation is an overview of some those applications.
Boron is a chemical element commonly found in the environment in compounds called borates. It is difficult to remove boron from seawater using reverse osmosis (RO) due to its uncharged and nonpolar nature. Multiple configurations can be used to effectively remove boron including double-pass RO systems, single-pass RO combined with ion exchange resins, and multistage RO systems sometimes incorporating ion exchange or acidification steps. The specific configuration used depends on factors like feed water chemistry and the desired permeate quality.
Analysis BOD is an important parameter in identifying the extend of pollution in a water body. This presentation explains the various methods of BOD analysis as per the APHA manual
The document summarizes a study on nutrient removal from slaughterhouse wastewater using an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The study used a laboratory-scale SBR system that was fed slaughterhouse wastewater. The SBR was able to achieve high removal rates of over 96% for COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Analysis showed that two-thirds of nitrogen removal was due to denitrification and one-third was used for biomass synthesis by microorganisms. Partial nitrification occurred due to the intermittent aeration pattern, with 95% of nitrogen removal via denitrification occurring through nitrite.
This document summarizes a plant chemistry report on reverse osmosis systems. It covers topics like water properties, sea water impurities, the anatomy and principles of reverse osmosis systems. It also discusses common problems like boron removal, high pH scaling issues, membrane oxidation, and fouling causes like suspended solids, microbiological growth, and silica. Troubleshooting methods involving pressure vessel probing and single element performance tests are presented.
The document discusses various methods for treating wastewater, including removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals. It describes the biological processes of nitrification and denitrification for removing nitrogen. Nitrification converts ammonia to nitrates while denitrification converts nitrates to nitrogen gas. Phosphorus can be removed through chemical precipitation or biological removal by certain bacteria. Heavy metals are removed using physico-chemical methods like adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis.
Reverse Osmosis module design and engineering emerged with membrane technology
evolution. In order to understand module design, first membrane configuration needs to be
explored, since the module design is always tailored according to the membrane
characteristics. There is a significant difference between membrane chemistries (most
important ones being cellulose acetate and thin film composite with polyamide barrier
layer), and more importantly, between the different membrane configurations (hollow fine
fiber and flat sheet). Therefore, before looking into detail on the module configuration, the
membrane development needs to be considered.
Advanced wastewater treatment involves removing nutrients, pathogens, and dissolved solids through processes like filtration, carbon adsorption, phosphorus removal, and nitrogen control. Nitrogen is typically removed through air stripping, nitrification, or breakpoint chlorination. Phosphorus removal uses chemical precipitation by adding aluminum, iron, or calcium. Disinfection methods include chlorination, ozonation, and ultraviolet radiation.
(originally aired 03-29-12)
Initially U.S. EPA 300.1 (Ion Chromatography with conductivity detection) sufficed for bromate regulatory requirements. As bromate toxicity concerns increased, lower regulatory limits (and lower MDLs) were imposed, leading to use of EPA 317’s and 326’s postcolumn derivatization and visible detection methods, although they sacrifice robustness and ease of use. Simultaneously, enhancements in column chemistry improved the MDLs possible with EPA 300.1. And since it is still impossible to overcome matrix effects with certain drinking water samples, EPA 302’s 2-D IC method was approved to maintain testing ease-of-use and robustness. Here, experts detail the bromate analysis methods and necessary validation steps.
The Phosphorus Problem: Treatment Options and Process Monitoring Solutions | YSIXylem Inc.
The document discusses phosphorus (P) in water resources and treatment options for removing excess P. It notes that P is essential for life but excess amounts can cause algal growth. It outlines different sources of P in surface water and regulations for P limits in wastewater discharges. The main treatment options discussed are biological P removal, which uses microorganisms, and chemical P removal, which uses iron or aluminum additions. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring processes like orthophosphate, DO, and ORP to effectively remove P either biologically or chemically.
Ozone has been used for water treatment since the late 1800s and is more commonly used in Europe and Asia than the United States. Ozone is an unstable gas made of three oxygen atoms that degrades back to oxygen, forming reactive free radicals. Ozone is effective at disinfecting bacteria and viruses compared to chlorine and can also reduce levels of iron, manganese, sulfur, and odors. The ozonation process involves producing ozone gas and bubbling it into water to create oxidation, followed by aeration and filtration to remove oxidized particles. While ozonation is effective, it also has higher costs than other methods and does not provide a disinfection residual.
Removal of boron from aqueous solution using reverse osmosisakhilesh kushwaha
This document presents information on removing boron from water using reverse osmosis (RO). It discusses the health risks of boron in drinking water and various boron removal methods. It outlines the RO process, factors that affect it like pH, pressure and temperature. Experimental results show boron rejection increased with higher pH and pressure. The conclusion is that RO can effectively remove boron when optimizing operating conditions.
Raw water coming from different sources contains dissolved salts and un-dissolved or suspended impurities. It is necessary to remove harmful salts dissolved into the water before feeding it to the boiler.
This document outlines World Health Organization guidelines for drinking water quality. It discusses parameters for acceptability, microbiological, chemical, and radiological quality. It provides threshold values for physical parameters like turbidity and chemical constituents like chlorides, hardness, pH and heavy metals. It also addresses bacteriological indicators of contamination, disinfection methods, and biological aspects related to protozoa and helminths. Further, it outlines limits for inorganic and organic constituents and discusses principles for establishing safe drinking water guidelines like tolerable daily intake. The document emphasizes the importance of surveillance functions like water source approval, monitoring programs, and inspection to help provide safe drinking water.
Treatment Technologies for Ammonia in Liquid Manure: Nitrification/denitrific...LPE Learning Center
This document summarizes research on biological nitrogen removal technologies for liquid livestock manure, including nitrification/denitrification and deammonification processes. It describes the operation of full-scale systems in North Carolina that achieved over 90% removal of ammonia and total nitrogen using nitrification/denitrification. It also discusses single-tank deammonification reactors that removed ammonia from swine wastewater with 100% efficiency while reducing aeration needs by 57% compared to traditional methods. The research isolated specialized bacteria that enabled these nitrogen removal processes to work efficiently even at low temperatures.
The document discusses biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), which measures the amount of oxygen used by microorganisms to break down organic waste in water. When organic waste is present, bacteria consume dissolved oxygen to decompose the waste. BOD tests how much oxygen is absorbed over 5 days at 20°C. A high BOD level indicates more organic waste requiring decomposition, lowering available oxygen for aquatic life. BOD is used to measure water pollution and assess treatment plant performance by comparing raw sewage and treated effluent BOD levels. Proper BOD testing follows steps including sample collection, dilution, seeding with bacteria, initial and final oxygen readings, and calculations to determine BOD in mg/L.
Application of Hydrodynamic cavitation as advanced oxidation process to treat...Sivakumar Kale
This document discusses the application of hydrodynamic cavitation as an advanced oxidation process to treat industrial wastewater. It begins by explaining that conventional biological treatment cannot fully degrade non-biodegradable compounds in industrial wastewater. It then introduces hydrodynamic cavitation as an alternative, describing how cavitation generates radicals that can degrade pollutants. The document outlines the experimental setup used, including a venturi tube reactor, and describes the degradation mechanisms of mechanical effects, chemical effects from radicals, and thermal effects. It presents results showing the process can oxidize over 99% of certain compounds. It concludes by discussing the need for further research on pressure profiles, reaction kinetics, and scaling the technology.
Shaw AFB provides an annual water quality report to inform residents, workers, and guests about the quality of drinking water. The report covers the period from January to December 2011. Water sources are wells that draw from the Upper and Lower Black Creek Aquifers. Testing found levels of contaminants like chlorine, nitrate, fluoride, trichloroethylene, alpha particles, and radium below EPA standards. Special precautions for some contaminants are advised for vulnerable groups.
This document discusses ultraviolet (UV) water treatment technology. It begins by explaining how UV radiation works to damage DNA in microorganisms like bacteria and viruses. It then outlines several industrial and municipal applications of UV water treatment, including for process water, ballast water, drinking water, and sewage treatment. The advantages of UV treatment are highlighted as not introducing chemicals, being effective against chlorine-resistant pathogens, and having low operating costs. Controls systems and equipment for medium to high capacity UV sterilizers are also described.
This document provides an overview of cleaning reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membrane elements. It discusses common types of fouling and scaling like carbonate, sulfate, organic and biological, and recommends appropriate cleaning methods. Cleaning solutions may include acids, bases, chelating agents and detergents. The document outlines the cleaning process, safety procedures, and recommends feed flow rates during cleaning based on element size and pressure. The goal of cleaning is to remove buildup and restore membrane performance by reducing pressure and increasing permeate flow.
UV Oxidation has been successfully employed for many difficult-to-treat contaminants in drinking water. This presentation is an overview of some those applications.
Boron is a chemical element commonly found in the environment in compounds called borates. It is difficult to remove boron from seawater using reverse osmosis (RO) due to its uncharged and nonpolar nature. Multiple configurations can be used to effectively remove boron including double-pass RO systems, single-pass RO combined with ion exchange resins, and multistage RO systems sometimes incorporating ion exchange or acidification steps. The specific configuration used depends on factors like feed water chemistry and the desired permeate quality.
Analysis BOD is an important parameter in identifying the extend of pollution in a water body. This presentation explains the various methods of BOD analysis as per the APHA manual
The document summarizes a study on nutrient removal from slaughterhouse wastewater using an intermittently aerated sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The study used a laboratory-scale SBR system that was fed slaughterhouse wastewater. The SBR was able to achieve high removal rates of over 96% for COD, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Analysis showed that two-thirds of nitrogen removal was due to denitrification and one-third was used for biomass synthesis by microorganisms. Partial nitrification occurred due to the intermittent aeration pattern, with 95% of nitrogen removal via denitrification occurring through nitrite.
This document summarizes a plant chemistry report on reverse osmosis systems. It covers topics like water properties, sea water impurities, the anatomy and principles of reverse osmosis systems. It also discusses common problems like boron removal, high pH scaling issues, membrane oxidation, and fouling causes like suspended solids, microbiological growth, and silica. Troubleshooting methods involving pressure vessel probing and single element performance tests are presented.
The document discusses various methods for treating wastewater, including removing nitrogen, phosphorus, and heavy metals. It describes the biological processes of nitrification and denitrification for removing nitrogen. Nitrification converts ammonia to nitrates while denitrification converts nitrates to nitrogen gas. Phosphorus can be removed through chemical precipitation or biological removal by certain bacteria. Heavy metals are removed using physico-chemical methods like adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and electrodialysis.
Reverse Osmosis module design and engineering emerged with membrane technology
evolution. In order to understand module design, first membrane configuration needs to be
explored, since the module design is always tailored according to the membrane
characteristics. There is a significant difference between membrane chemistries (most
important ones being cellulose acetate and thin film composite with polyamide barrier
layer), and more importantly, between the different membrane configurations (hollow fine
fiber and flat sheet). Therefore, before looking into detail on the module configuration, the
membrane development needs to be considered.
Advanced wastewater treatment involves removing nutrients, pathogens, and dissolved solids through processes like filtration, carbon adsorption, phosphorus removal, and nitrogen control. Nitrogen is typically removed through air stripping, nitrification, or breakpoint chlorination. Phosphorus removal uses chemical precipitation by adding aluminum, iron, or calcium. Disinfection methods include chlorination, ozonation, and ultraviolet radiation.
(originally aired 03-29-12)
Initially U.S. EPA 300.1 (Ion Chromatography with conductivity detection) sufficed for bromate regulatory requirements. As bromate toxicity concerns increased, lower regulatory limits (and lower MDLs) were imposed, leading to use of EPA 317’s and 326’s postcolumn derivatization and visible detection methods, although they sacrifice robustness and ease of use. Simultaneously, enhancements in column chemistry improved the MDLs possible with EPA 300.1. And since it is still impossible to overcome matrix effects with certain drinking water samples, EPA 302’s 2-D IC method was approved to maintain testing ease-of-use and robustness. Here, experts detail the bromate analysis methods and necessary validation steps.
The Phosphorus Problem: Treatment Options and Process Monitoring Solutions | YSIXylem Inc.
The document discusses phosphorus (P) in water resources and treatment options for removing excess P. It notes that P is essential for life but excess amounts can cause algal growth. It outlines different sources of P in surface water and regulations for P limits in wastewater discharges. The main treatment options discussed are biological P removal, which uses microorganisms, and chemical P removal, which uses iron or aluminum additions. It emphasizes the importance of monitoring processes like orthophosphate, DO, and ORP to effectively remove P either biologically or chemically.
Ozone has been used for water treatment since the late 1800s and is more commonly used in Europe and Asia than the United States. Ozone is an unstable gas made of three oxygen atoms that degrades back to oxygen, forming reactive free radicals. Ozone is effective at disinfecting bacteria and viruses compared to chlorine and can also reduce levels of iron, manganese, sulfur, and odors. The ozonation process involves producing ozone gas and bubbling it into water to create oxidation, followed by aeration and filtration to remove oxidized particles. While ozonation is effective, it also has higher costs than other methods and does not provide a disinfection residual.
Waste Water Treatment Process PresentationAshish Kakadia
Ozone is a powerful disinfectant that is more effective than chlorine and can be used for waste water treatment. It is generated on-site and is highly reactive, able to oxidize organic compounds and precipitate heavy metals. Ozone can be used to treat a variety of waste streams, including municipal, industrial, and mining waste water. It is effective at removing color, cyanide, pathogens, BOD, and emerging contaminants like pharmaceuticals.
The document discusses Ozone Tubes, a solution for producing clean drinking water using electrolytic oxygen (EO). EO can virtually oxidize any compounds in water, producing crystal clear, fresh-tasting water. Ozone Tubes has been successfully used to process waste water into drinking water, and has been implemented in the US, UK, and Dubai to improve water quality and sustainability.
Sizing & Calculation - Ultra Violet Radiation is used to Destruct Residual Dissolved Ozone.
Residual Ozone Destruction In Pharmaceutical Process Water. UV Energy is used to Destruct unused ozone in Aquaculture & hatcheries.
Ozone Generator Model Quick Selection Guide with Price List. Standard accessories & their prices. Ozone Used as an additive in final product water. Features & Specification of Chemtronics Air Cooled Budget Models. Exclusive range for Plant Owners Only.
This portfolio summarizes Megha Kashyap's studio work from her B.Urban Planning degree. It includes 8 projects focused on urban and regional planning in India. The projects involve studies of building materials, neighborhood planning, township development, riverfront redevelopment, local area planning, heritage planning, regional planning, and transportation planning. Methodologies included site surveys, data analysis, conceptual planning, and physical modeling. The portfolio demonstrates Megha's skills in collecting and analyzing information to develop comprehensive plans addressing key issues and guided by relevant planning principles and guidelines.
Water treatment-for-domestic-water-supply - Slides Lin Hui
The document discusses various aspects of water treatment and distribution systems. It describes the processes of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection that are used to treat contaminated water. It also discusses water distribution methods and some common water quality issues related to taste, odor, turbidity, pathogens, hardness and other chemical contaminants. River pollution from development is cited as a major challenge for ensuring clean drinking water sourced from rivers in Malaysia.
Ozonation is Integrated in Package Bottled Drinking Water Production / Processing Scheme at two places. One for "Raw Water Treatment" & other for "Processed Water Additive". Ozone Generator Sizing Calculation & Peripheral equipment selection & sizing Calculation is explained with example.
Climate change and national security in Indian context - A presentation by Dr. Lawrence Prabhakar during the International Conference on Energy Security organized by Centre for Public Policy Research, Cochin
Wastewater and Drinking Water Treatment -Theoretical and Legal AspectsJelena Rozova
This document provides an overview of wastewater and drinking water treatment from both a theoretical and legal perspective. It discusses key definitions and requirements related to wastewater collection, treatment according to the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive, and sludge treatment and disposal according to the Sewage Sludge Directive. It also outlines the standards for drinking water quality established by the Drinking Water Directive and typical treatment steps. Finally, it addresses some frequently asked questions about topics like modernizing treatment infrastructure, alternative treatment options, and combined sewer systems.
Water treatment-WATER TREATMENT PROCESS-OZONISATION AND UV APPLICATIONGowri Prabhu
The document discusses different methods of water treatment including ozone treatment and UV treatment. For ozone treatment, it describes the process of generating ozone using electrical discharge, injecting ozone into water, the contact time needed for ozone to disinfect, and filtering out oxidized particles. It lists advantages such as strong germicidal properties and ability to eliminate various problems, and disadvantages like higher costs and potential byproducts. For UV treatment, it explains how UV light damages microorganisms' DNA to prevent reproduction and provides advantages like not adding chemicals, but disadvantages include need for regular maintenance and inability to treat turbid water.
The document discusses different sewerage systems including the conservancy system, water carriage system, combined system, and separate system.
The conservancy system, also known as the dry system, involves collecting wastes like night soil and garbage separately using vessels or pits and removing them periodically. The water carriage system uses water to convey wastes through sewers from the point of production to treatment.
The combined system provides one sewer to carry both sewage and rainwater to a treatment plant. The separate system has two separate sewers - one for sewage and the other for rainwater and surface flow. The partially separate system uses one set of sewers that admit both sewage and early rainwater washings,
The document summarizes the water treatment process. Raw water is taken from sources like lakes and rivers and contains particles like viruses, bacteria, and sediments. It then goes through coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection to remove harmful particles. Coagulants are added to help particles combine and form clumps that are then removed. The treated water is stored, distributed, and consumed by homes after ensuring it is clean and safe.
This document discusses design considerations for electrostatic precipitators (ESPs) used in paper mills. Some key points:
- ESP casings for recovery boilers are preferred to be made of reinforced concrete to withstand highly corrosive flue gases containing sulfur compounds.
- Collecting electrodes are made of corrosion-resistant steel 1.5mm thick while emitting electrodes use austenitic stainless steel.
- Flat-bottom hoppers are used rather than pyramidal or trapezoidal types. Dust falls directly onto the casing floor which serves as the hopper.
- Scrapper and chain conveyors transfer dust to a rotary feeder and further to a mixing chamber for recycling. Their operation
History of climate negotiation & National Action Plan for Climate Change, indiaAmit Prakash
The document provides a history of global climate change negotiations from the 1970s to present. It discusses the formation of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in 1988 and highlights key conferences and agreements, including the UNFCCC, Kyoto Protocol, and COP meetings. It also summarizes India's National Action Plan on Climate Change, which outlines 8 missions focusing on solar energy, energy efficiency, sustainable habitats, water, the Himalayas, green India, agriculture, and strategic knowledge. The missions address mitigation and adaptation strategies.
The document summarizes an electrostatic precipitator, which is an industrial emission control unit that uses electric charges to remove dust particles from exhaust gases. It discusses the invention of the technology in the 1800s, the construction which includes collecting plates and discharge electrodes, and the principle by which it removes particles through corona discharge and ion attraction. Advantages include effective removal of small particles and ability to handle high dust loads with low pressure drop, though it has higher capital and operating costs than some alternatives.
The document discusses a meeting of the East Fork Watershed Cooperative (EFWCoop). Key points:
1) The EFWCoop aims to integrate natural and built water systems through coupled modeling and monitoring programs to inform decisions. This includes assessing best management practices and developing data sharing architectures.
2) Current EFWCoop projects include linked models, small stream ecology monitoring, BMP effectiveness modeling, an innovative agriculture grant, and water quality trading market evaluation.
3) A drinking water treatment plant sampling update was provided, noting challenges like algal blooms, disinfection byproducts, and taste/odor issues requiring expanded treatment.
The document summarizes a meeting of the East Fork Watershed Cooperative (EFWCoop). Key points:
1. The EFWCoop supports research projects related to watershed modeling, stream ecology monitoring, assessing best management practice effectiveness, and data management.
2. Water quality monitoring data from a drinking water treatment plant intake shows algal blooms are leading to increased disinfection byproduct levels and taste/odor issues.
3. Updates were provided on using high-resolution soil data and discretizing the watershed for modeling water quality trading scenarios in the Upper East Fork watershed using the SWAT model.
Global BioSciences sells sustainable remediation technologies through business partners. Their Butane Biostimulation technology uses butane gas to stimulate microbial growth and degradation of contaminants like chlorinated solvents, petroleum hydrocarbons, and MTBE in soil and groundwater. It is a low-cost solution that is easy to implement and has treated contamination at numerous pilot and full-scale sites internationally.
The document describes an IIT Bombay patented soil biotechnology (SBT) system for treating wastewater. SBT uses formulated media, culture, and additives to biologically purify water. It provides primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment in a single facility that is simple to operate and maintain. The technology has been implemented for sewage treatment, effluent treatment from industries like distilleries, and for greywater recycling. An example is presented showing how SBT was used to treat and recycle over 720 cubic meters per day of distillery process condensate.
This document provides a progress update and overview of strategies to address THM compliance challenges. It discusses the status of various construction projects including well field piping, transmission mains, booster pump stations, and treatment plant design. Regarding THM formation, it explains that blending treated surface water with lower-bromide groundwater and optimizing pH levels can help reduce THM levels. Bench studies showed these strategies decreased THM formation compared to using surface water alone at lower pH levels. The document aims to inform stakeholders and solicit questions on THM compliance efforts.
A Combined Ozone Remedy for a Mixed VOC DNAPL Source ZoneChapman Ross, P.E.
Background/Objectives. In 2003, 1,300 drums and over 3,000 tons of soil were excavated from a drum disposal area in New England. Residual DNAPL created a 2,500 foot long plume that includes chlorobenzenes, toluene, and chlorinated ethenes. The plume discharges to a wetland and has led to vapor intrusion concerns at downgradient properties. Full-scale source zone remediation has been implemented to mitigate potential risks to ecological and human receptors.
Approach/Activities. Following extensive site characterization, bench-scale testing, and a successful field pilot test, the full-scale source zone remedy began in November 2010. The combined remedy approach uses physical, chemical, and biological treatment mechanisms to destroy the residual DNAPL in the vadose and saturated zones. Soil vapor extraction (SVE) and air sparging target the more volatile compounds, while in situ ozone injection (IOI) targets the less volatile compounds such as chlorobenzenes. Aerobic biological activity is also likely enhanced as a result of oxygen injection from IOI and air sparging. Three ozone injection systems deliver a total of 100 lbs of ozone per day to the subsurface; the SVE system extracts soil vapor at a rate of 650 scfm; the air sparge system continuously sparges air at 50 scfm at approximately 30 psi.
Results/Lessons Learned. Performance monitoring includes analysis of VOC concentrations in soil, soil gas, and groundwater. Quarterly low-flow groundwater sampling has shown substantial decreases in groundwater VOC concentrations relative to baseline. In the first six months of operation, 18 of the 20 monitoring wells sampled showed decreases in total VOC concentrations ranging from 14 to 97% with an average decrease of 57%. Furthermore, the mass discharge of total VOCs in groundwater from the source area has decreased from approximately 105 g/day before pilot-test start-up to less than 4 g/day. Concentrations of VOCs in soil gas are monitored in real-time by an automated soil gas monitoring system equipped with a photoionization detector (PID), and on a periodic basis with Waterloo Membrane Samplers™ that provide a speciated analysis of VOCs in soil gas. Of the 47 soil gas monitoring points that were sampled during the first six months of operation, 36 show decreasing trends in soil gas TVOC concentrations. Minimal rebound was observed in soil gas concentrations after treatment was temporarily suspended. Performance monitoring data have informed periodic system optimization to increase the efficiency of the remedy. These results indicate that the combined remedial technologies are effectively reducing source mass and mass discharge, and that the aggressive two year remedial time-frame will likely be met.
This document discusses sodium transport mechanisms in the halophyte plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. It finds that M. crystallinum expresses five sodium/hydrogen antiporters (McSOS1, McNhaD, McNHX1, McNHX2, McNHX3) that transport sodium into and out of cells and intracellular compartments. Experiments show that these antiporters are functional in complementing yeast and E. coli mutants deficient in their own sodium transporters. The expression of the antiporters in M. crystallinum leaves is also found to increase in response to sodium stress.
This document discusses water treatment and recycling solutions to address India's growing water needs. It notes that only 35% of sewage water in major Indian cities is currently treated. It then provides details on Enzotech's patented bio-tech water treatment process and packaged plants. Their process uses specialized bacteria and enzymes to effectively treat sewage with minimal sludge generation and power consumption. Enzotech has over 125 installations across India and Africa treating water volumes from 10 KLD to 450 KLD.
The document discusses verification of several technologies for improving biogas production and wastewater treatment:
1) Pretreatment technologies from GFE and Xergi that increase biogas production from manure fibers through alkaline pressure boiling were verified by the Danish Technological Institute.
2) A slurry separator from SB Engineering that divides livestock manure into solid and liquid fractions was verified for biogas yield, separation efficiency, and electricity use.
3) Luminescence technology from HACH-LANGE for faster toxicity measurements in wastewater was verified jointly with US and Canadian environmental technology verification programs.
4) A biomass drying technology from Cimbria Manufacturing using overheated steam was verified by
The document discusses water treatment processes aimed at protecting public health by providing safe drinking water. It outlines a multi-barrier approach starting from catchment protection and including coagulation, separation, disinfection, and monitoring processes to remove pathogens and contaminants. Key treatment steps involve coagulation, clarification, filtration, and disinfection using chlorine, UV, or other methods to inactivate microorganisms like Cryptosporidium that can cause waterborne disease outbreaks impacting hundreds of thousands of people.
Led a team of four in the recently concluded Northeast section of the Ohio Water Environment Association. In the slides, It describes the alternatives and recommended solution to treat wastewater that has pharmaceuticals contaminants in it. My team cane second place in a total of seven teams
The document discusses the use of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in drinking water applications. It provides an overview of ClO2 generation methods and attributes. ClO2 is an effective disinfectant that does not form regulated disinfection byproducts. It can be generated on-site electrochemically using a single precursor for a pure, reliable and safe product. Case studies show ClO2 improved disinfection and reduced DBPs and odor/taste issues compared to chlorine.
This document summarizes research on using osmotic membrane bioreactors (OsMBR) and pressure retarded osmotic membrane bioreactors (ProMBR) for wastewater treatment and renewable energy production. The objectives are to evaluate OsMBR for water reuse and ProMBR for power generation. Various membrane types and solution chemistries are tested in batch and bench-scale systems. Preliminary results show membrane flux characterization and the potential for reverse salt transport in OsMBR systems.
The water quality report for the City of Dania Beach shows that:
1) Testing found the city's water supply to be safe and meeting all federal and state standards in 2010.
2) The city's water source is the Biscayne aquifer and undergoes lime softening and filtration treatment before being disinfected and distributed.
3) Testing detected very low levels of some contaminants that do not exceed safety limits, including barium and fluoride, but no violations were reported.
The water quality report for the City of Dania Beach shows that:
1) Testing found the city's water supply to be safe and meeting all federal and state regulations for contaminants.
2) The city's water source is the Biscayne aquifer and undergoes treatment including lime softening and filtration.
3) Testing detected very low levels of some contaminants like barium and fluoride well below the legal limits, ensuring the water is safe.
The document reviews water quality data from a source over three years to design a water treatment plant. It analyzes parameters like pesticides, nitrogen, hardness, conductivity, metals, microorganisms, radioactivity, turbidity, color, and TOC. Based on the data, the source water is characterized as a surface water source in an agricultural area with some livestock. A risk assessment is then conducted to identify control measures and monitoring needs for the water safety plan. Finally, a treatment plant design is proposed to address parameters like coliform removal, cryptosporidium reduction, disinfection byproducts, and the removal of turbidity, manganese, aluminum, and pesticides.
Leachate Treatment Ad Plant Technical BulletinEKO GEA
This document summarizes an EKO GEA biological leachate treatment plant that provides a simple and economical on-site solution to treating landfill leachate. The system uses anaerobic digestion and novel filtration and ion exchange technologies to reduce COD, BOD, TSS, phosphorus, nitrates and produce effluent that meets EU standards without additional wastewater treatment. It lowers treatment costs by eliminating transportation and fees to wastewater plants while using no power and producing no odors.
Fouling cell technology allows for direct detection of biofilms and evaluation of cleaning-in-place (CIP) effectiveness in industrial processes. Fouling cells are used to acquire biofilm samples from process equipment for analysis using microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This approach can map cleaning across a plant and identify where biofilms persist after CIP. It provides insights into optimizing cleaning chemical formulations, concentrations, temperatures, and contact times. Comparing fouling cell data from different production lines helps determine the root causes of process contamination issues.
1) The document evaluates the performance of multi-stage ozonation and biological treatment processes for improving dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal.
2) Testing on different water sources found that multi-stage treatment improved DOC removal over single-stage by using ozone more effectively to produce biodegradable DOC.
3) Characterization of organic compounds showed that ozonation converted hydrophobic fractions into more hydrophilic and biodegradable compounds, improving downstream biological treatment. Advanced oxidation processes were more effective for treating ozone-resistant organic carbon.
Similar to Ohio Awwa 2008 Ozone Drinking Water Treatment (20)
1. Ozone Drinking Water Treatment
Applications and Operational
Improvements
I t
Ohio Section
AWWA
18 September 2008
Anthony Sacco
Spartan Environmental Technologies, LLC
&
Paul Overbeck
International Ozone Association
2.
3.
4. • Providing Multiple Benefits
OZONE – Oxidation
• TOC
• Fe/Mn
• Hydrogen Sulfide
• Taste & Odor
• Color
• CL2-DBPs
• EDC
– Disinfection
s ect o
• Bacteria
• Virus
• Parasites
– Flocc lation
Flocculation
• Less Chemical Coagulant
• Lower solids Handling
• Lower Turbidity &
Particles
• Longer Run time
• Less Backwashing
Photo Courtesy of SNWA
5. Microbial Toolbox
Watershed Inactivation
Demonstration
Control of Performance
UV Light
Program
g Improved
Treatment
Ozone
Alternative
Pre-treatment
Source Lower finished
Chlorine
Pre-sedimentation water t bidit
t turbidity
dioxide
basin Intake
Membranes
relocation
River bank
Bag and
filtration Manage timing
cartridge filters
or level of
withdrawal
Slow sand
filters
9. Ct Values (mg x min./L) For 99.9 %
Inactivation of Giardia and 99.99%Virus
Data for 5°C
Free Chlorine Chloramine Chlorine Dioxide Ozone
( pH 6 to 7 ) ( pH 8 to 9 ) ( pH 6 to 7 ) ( pH 6 to 7 )
Giardia 122 2200 26.0 1.9
Virus 8 1988 33.4 1.2
Taken from: “Optimizing Water Treatment Plant Performance Using
Composite Correction Program.” prepared by Process Applications, Inc.,
for the U.S. EPA, Office of Drinking Water, Cincinnati, Ohio.
10. US EPA CT Values
for i
f Virus Inactivation
ii
by Ozone
Temperature °C
Inactivation
ii <1 5 10 15 20 25
2-log
g 0.9 0.6 0.5 0.3 0.25 0.15
3-log 1.4 0.9 0.8 0.5 0.4 0.25
4-log 1.8 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.5 0.3
11.
12. Drinking Water
Regulatory Backdrop
Longstanding Dilemma
Microbial Risk
R
DBP Risk
Gov ment
st
vernm
nteres
M
In
Level of Chemical Disinfection
13. Disinfection By-Products
Chlorine Ozone
-Trihalomethanes
Trihalomethanes -Bromate
Bromate
(THM) -Assimilable
-Haloacetic Acids
Hl i A id Organic Carbon
(THAA5) (AOC)
-Bromate
14. How does ozone/biofiltration work?
Synergy between
ozone and biofiltration
NOM
O3 Breaks macro
Results in molecular NOM and
TOC/COD/BOD many SOC to
reduction biodegradable OM
Organics
O i NOM
HO• break SOC
Biofilter
TO biodegradable OM
bi d d bl
Increases microbial
growth i filters
th in filt
15. By Product
By-Product Formation – THM/HAA
Pre- and Postchlorination Ozonation & Postchlorination
80
70
Concentration (ppb)
60
n
50
TTHM
40
HAA5
30
20
C
10
0
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27
Courtesy of Gwinnett County, Georgia
16. Dramatic disinfection-by-product reductions
D ti di i f ti b d t d ti
120
100
RAA MCL
80
A v e ra g e (u g / L )
60
40
20
0
Q 3-0 4 Q 4-0 4 Q 1-0 5 Q 2-05 Q 3-05 Q 4 -05 Q 1 -06 Q 2 -06 Q 3-06
Q tr ly T T H M A v g R u n n in g A n n u a l A v g
MWRA
17. Summary
Bromate Formation Control
• Chemical Addition Options
– Chlorine
– Ammonia
– Alkalinity
– Organic Matter
– pH Adjustment
• Temperature Control
• Lower O3 Applied Dose & Reaction Time
i i i
18. For
rmation Pote
ential (BrO3 µg/L)
Ct
B. Daw, et.al. 2001
19. Microflocculation
• Improved Floc/Clarification & Filtration
• TOC Reduction
• Dosage Influenced by pH, TOC
• Extends Filter Runs
E d Fil R
• Reduces Solid Handling
23. Use of Ozone for Taste and Odor Control has
been Successful:
Tastes great, less chlorine
May 14, 1994
Ozone treatment makes water
safer, taste better
July 25, 1995
25. Components of an Ozone System
Ozone Generation
O G ti
Feed-Gas Supply Options (Select 1)
Power Supply Unit
Air
Moisture Removal
System
O2
CRYO O2 System
Ambient
Flow
Fl
Air O2
PSA O2 System
Meter O3 %wt
Supply
O2
VPSA O2 System
O2
Purchased LOX
Ozone Generator
Flow Control
Valve
Ozone Contacting Options (Select 1) Flow Meter
M
Off-Gas Blower
Bubble Injection
Diffuser Ozone
O3 Destruct
Ozone
O Contactor
Ctt
Contactor
26. Important Advancements in Ozone
System Design and Operation
• Lowered capital and O&M cost by switching to
oxygen feed-gas (LOX and VPSA) and
yg g( )
improvements in ozone generator design
• Developed/implemented robust p
p p process
monitoring and control
• Improved fine bubble diffusion & side stream
dissolution
27. From Air to Oxygen: Pre 1987,
Pre-1987
1987 to 1993 and Post 1993
kWh/kg
10
ergy, kWh/lb
Low Frequency Air-fed
Air fed
9
17.6
8
Medium Frequency Air-fed
15.4
7
13.2
6
pecific Ene
5 10.0
8.8
4
Medium Frequency
3 6.6
Medium Frequency
q y High Efficiency 4.4
44
2
Sp
Oxygen-fed Oxygen-fed 2.2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Ozone Concentration, %wt
28. Advances from 1987 to 1993
Based on Performance Data
10
9 1987 LAAFP
8
1993 Randall Bold WTP
nergy, kWh/lb
7
6
5
Specific En
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ozone Concentration, %wt
O C t ti %t
29. Advances 1993 to Date also
Date,
Based on Performance Data
10
Plant 10 Supplier A @ 95F
9
Plant 11 Supplier B @ 70F
8
Plant 13 Suppler C @ 66F
Specific Energy, kWh/lb
b
7
+/- 10%
6 1993 Randall Bold WTP
5
E
4
3
2
1
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Ozone Concentration, %wt
O C t ti %t
30. Ozone Equipment is Simplified
Desiccant
Earlier air fed ozone systems
air-fed
Dryer
Air Compressor Refrigerant Dryer Ozone Generator
Less equipment = Lower maintenance, capital cost, and operating cost
Liquid Oxygen Storage & Ambient Vaporizers Ozone Generator
Current oxygen-fed ozone systems
31. Ozone Residual Monitoring has
Improved
• “Indigo Trisulfonate” Standard Method
ozone residual test
• Trustworthy on-line residual analyzers and
robust sampling systems
bt li t
Display Range: 0-200.0 PPB, 0-2.000 PPM or 0-20.00 PPM
Accuracy: ± 0 02 PPM or 0 5% of F S
0.02 0.5% F.S.
Repeatability: ± 0.01 PPM or 0.3% of F.S.
Linearity: 0.1% of F.S.
Zero Drift: < 0.01 PPM per month
32. Las Vegas AMS Water
Vegas,
7 days of hourly data
Treatment Plant
• Water flow varies
from 150 to 550 MGD
twice per day
• Dose target = 1.1
mg/L Range = 1.0 to
1.2
• Gas flow is constant
• Ozone production
range is 1500 to 5500
lb/day
lb/d
33. Controlling Disinfection is the
Performance GOAL (e.g., Giardia)
(e g
MWD Jensen – August 2007
100% of time PR>2 (1-log)
f ti PR 2 (1 l )
1% of time PR>4 (2-log)
Average PR = 3 or 1.5-logs
34. Ozone Dissolution Options
Bubble Diffuser Side Stream
oo
Ozone
oo
oo
oo
oo
G
oo
oo
oo
L
oo
oo
oo
High Efficiency
oo
oo
oo
oo
Venturi Injectors
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
oo
----
Water Flow
For many reasons, the
Historically, the most common
side stream option is
ozone contacting option
gp
becoming more popular
today
35. Fine Bubble Diffuser Material Improvements
One-piece design is formed
Hypalon diffuser gaskets Alternative expanded- of a gas permeable porous
after 2-yr service in a Teflon gaskets that are alumina diffuser ceramic
high-ozone-
high ozone gaining popularity for bonded at high temperature
concentration (8%wt) use in oxygen-fed ozone yielding a corrosion resistant
oxygen-fed applications product. Stainless steel
ozone application components, polymer
gaskets and cements of any
kind have been eliminated.
36. Option 1 - Designed to maximize ozone transfer
within the side stream flow
Gas flow
Fail-close
control High
Shut-off
valve Pressure Ozone
Valve Liquid
FM Switch Destruct
P M M Trap P P P Heater
M
To
s
From Atmosphere
Ozone Pressure
Generators Control
Check Pressure
P Valve Control
P
FM P (Optional)
P
Venturi
Degas
P
Injector
Sidestream Vessel
Pump
Mixing-
Water Flow enhancement
nozzles
37. Option 2 - Designed to utilize ozone contactor
for ozone transfer assistance
Gas flow
Fail-close
control High
Shut-off
valve Pressure
Valve To
FM Liquid Switch
P M Atmosphere
M Trap P P
Heater
M
s
From
Ozone
Generators
G P Destruct
Check
Valve
P P
FM
P
L Venturi
Injector
Sidestream
Pump
Mixing-enhancement
nozzles
Water Flow
38. International Ozone Association
www.io3a.org
Joint IOA & IUVA Conference
04 – 06 M 2009
May
Boston, MA
Anthony Sacco
Spartan Environmental Technologies, LLC
&
Paul Overbeck
International Ozone Association