Membrane Separation Technology for Water Treatment in Upstream Oil & Gas Operations
presented by James Robinson on April 20, 2016, at the "Semi-Annual Water & Wastewater Short Course: Issues, Challenges, Solutions & New Technologies" hosted by the Global Petroleum Research Institute (GPRI) at Texas A&M's Department of Petroleum Engineering.
James Robinson - Conventional Produced Water Training Course - Produced Water...James Robinson
The document summarizes a training workshop on conventional produced water treatment. It discusses the large quantities of produced water from oil and gas operations, how its composition varies, and common treatment technologies used. These include filtration, gravity separation, centrifugal separation, membrane processes, distillation, adsorption, and oxidation. It provides examples of typical treatment trains for different disposal scenarios and emphasizes the importance of thoroughly understanding the produced water composition and treatment process.
Potential Innovations in Conventional Desalination Systemsacciona
Durante la celebración de la 13º Edición de IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologie Iwa-LET 2016 que se está celebrando estos días en Jerez, Marina Arnaldos y Beatriz Corzo realizaron una ponencia dentro de un taller sobre desalación sostenible.
On occasion of the 13th IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologies (IWA-LET 2016), which is being held in Jerez, Marina Arnaldos and Beatriz Corzo presented two papers in a workshop on sustainable desalination.
Water Quality Treatment - Produced Water & FlowbackAshwin Dhanasekar
This document summarizes research on treating flowback and produced water from hydraulic fracturing operations. It finds that electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation can effectively remove various contaminants from the water, including metals, calcium, barium, and turbidity. Electrocoagulation achieved similar or better removal rates than chemical coagulation and was most effective when used after softening the water through pH adjustment. Treating younger flowback water (within 1 hour) was also more effective than treating older flowback water. Future work should examine how treatability changes over time and evaluate additional treatment methods and chemical parameters.
The document summarizes the design of a faecal sludge treatment plant for Effiekuma, Ghana. Key points:
- The plant will use waste stabilization ponds (anaerobic, facultative, maturation ponds) to treat faecal sludge generated from a population of 65,100 people.
- Design parameters were calculated based on the population, waste flow rate, average temperature, and desired BOD removal.
- The anaerobic pond will be 2,441 sqm and 3.5 days hydraulic retention time. The facultative pond will be 3.66 hectares and 25 days retention. Maturation ponds total 17,394 cum and 6 days retention.
-
The document summarizes a presentation on a sewage treatment plant in Delhi. It discusses that the plant was constructed at a cost of Rs360 crore and has 3 channels of 113mld each. Sewage is pumped from 2 pumping stations into the main pumping station and then to the STP, which will generate electricity from methane gas to power the plant. The STP involves primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater suitable for discharge or reuse.
This SlideShare was authored by Dr. Ananth Seshadri Kodavasal who has more than 30 years of experience as an environmental Engineer and is a looked upon as a foremost authority on Sewage Treatment Plants.
It was presented during Water Workshop conducted by ApartmentADDA on 25-Feb-2012. It explains the below topics
• Wastewater Pollutants/Impact
• Physical, Chemical, Biological Unit Operations
• Types & Effects of Pollution
• Biological Treatment Variants
• Pros and Cons
At last the SlideShare details on the Important Acts and rules related to Environmental Protection.
Check the link below for details
http://apartmentadda.com/blog/water-workshop-for-apartments-report/
The document summarizes the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant in Western Australia. Some key details:
- The plant has a capacity of 144 megalitres per day and cost $317 million. It uses seawater reverse osmosis technology and has a specific energy consumption of 3.59 kWh/cubic meter.
- The plant sources seawater through an intake system and screens before dual media filtration, cartridge filters and a two-pass RO system. Energy recovery devices are used.
- Extensive monitoring shows the brine outlet has negligible environmental impacts due to validated diffuser design and suspended solids treatment. The plant helps drought-proof the city.
The document discusses the effects of leachate recirculation and supplemental water addition on methane production and waste decomposition in simulated landfill reactors. Three reactors were used - a control reactor without leachate recirculation and two experimental reactors, one with leachate recirculation and one with leachate recirculation and supplemental water. The results showed that leachate recirculation increased methane production and accelerated waste stabilization compared to the control. Supplemental water addition further improved methane yields and allowed the reactor to enter methanogenesis earlier. Starting leachate recirculation after stabilization was also found to produce more methane than starting before stabilization.
James Robinson - Conventional Produced Water Training Course - Produced Water...James Robinson
The document summarizes a training workshop on conventional produced water treatment. It discusses the large quantities of produced water from oil and gas operations, how its composition varies, and common treatment technologies used. These include filtration, gravity separation, centrifugal separation, membrane processes, distillation, adsorption, and oxidation. It provides examples of typical treatment trains for different disposal scenarios and emphasizes the importance of thoroughly understanding the produced water composition and treatment process.
Potential Innovations in Conventional Desalination Systemsacciona
Durante la celebración de la 13º Edición de IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologie Iwa-LET 2016 que se está celebrando estos días en Jerez, Marina Arnaldos y Beatriz Corzo realizaron una ponencia dentro de un taller sobre desalación sostenible.
On occasion of the 13th IWA Leading Edge Conference on Water and Wastewater Technologies (IWA-LET 2016), which is being held in Jerez, Marina Arnaldos and Beatriz Corzo presented two papers in a workshop on sustainable desalination.
Water Quality Treatment - Produced Water & FlowbackAshwin Dhanasekar
This document summarizes research on treating flowback and produced water from hydraulic fracturing operations. It finds that electrocoagulation and chemical coagulation can effectively remove various contaminants from the water, including metals, calcium, barium, and turbidity. Electrocoagulation achieved similar or better removal rates than chemical coagulation and was most effective when used after softening the water through pH adjustment. Treating younger flowback water (within 1 hour) was also more effective than treating older flowback water. Future work should examine how treatability changes over time and evaluate additional treatment methods and chemical parameters.
The document summarizes the design of a faecal sludge treatment plant for Effiekuma, Ghana. Key points:
- The plant will use waste stabilization ponds (anaerobic, facultative, maturation ponds) to treat faecal sludge generated from a population of 65,100 people.
- Design parameters were calculated based on the population, waste flow rate, average temperature, and desired BOD removal.
- The anaerobic pond will be 2,441 sqm and 3.5 days hydraulic retention time. The facultative pond will be 3.66 hectares and 25 days retention. Maturation ponds total 17,394 cum and 6 days retention.
-
The document summarizes a presentation on a sewage treatment plant in Delhi. It discusses that the plant was constructed at a cost of Rs360 crore and has 3 channels of 113mld each. Sewage is pumped from 2 pumping stations into the main pumping station and then to the STP, which will generate electricity from methane gas to power the plant. The STP involves primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages to remove contaminants and produce treated wastewater suitable for discharge or reuse.
This SlideShare was authored by Dr. Ananth Seshadri Kodavasal who has more than 30 years of experience as an environmental Engineer and is a looked upon as a foremost authority on Sewage Treatment Plants.
It was presented during Water Workshop conducted by ApartmentADDA on 25-Feb-2012. It explains the below topics
• Wastewater Pollutants/Impact
• Physical, Chemical, Biological Unit Operations
• Types & Effects of Pollution
• Biological Treatment Variants
• Pros and Cons
At last the SlideShare details on the Important Acts and rules related to Environmental Protection.
Check the link below for details
http://apartmentadda.com/blog/water-workshop-for-apartments-report/
The document summarizes the Perth Seawater Desalination Plant in Western Australia. Some key details:
- The plant has a capacity of 144 megalitres per day and cost $317 million. It uses seawater reverse osmosis technology and has a specific energy consumption of 3.59 kWh/cubic meter.
- The plant sources seawater through an intake system and screens before dual media filtration, cartridge filters and a two-pass RO system. Energy recovery devices are used.
- Extensive monitoring shows the brine outlet has negligible environmental impacts due to validated diffuser design and suspended solids treatment. The plant helps drought-proof the city.
The document discusses the effects of leachate recirculation and supplemental water addition on methane production and waste decomposition in simulated landfill reactors. Three reactors were used - a control reactor without leachate recirculation and two experimental reactors, one with leachate recirculation and one with leachate recirculation and supplemental water. The results showed that leachate recirculation increased methane production and accelerated waste stabilization compared to the control. Supplemental water addition further improved methane yields and allowed the reactor to enter methanogenesis earlier. Starting leachate recirculation after stabilization was also found to produce more methane than starting before stabilization.
Evaluation of a hybrid forward osmosis systemacciona
Beatriz Corzo , del departamento de I+D de ACCIONA Agua, presentó la ponencia "Evaluation of a hybrid forward osmosis system for agricultural reuse of high salinity wastewater” en la conferencia anual que la asociación europea de desalación ha celebrado en Roma entre los días 22-26 de mayo de 2016.
This document discusses various aspects of self-purification of streams, including:
1. Water pollution can come from point sources like factories or sewage systems, which are easier to identify and control, or non-point sources like agricultural runoff, which are harder to control.
2. Self-purification occurs through dilution, dispersion, sedimentation, oxidation, reduction, and effects of temperature and sunlight. Bacteria break down organic pollutants, using up dissolved oxygen.
3. A DO sag curve shows how dissolved oxygen levels decrease from the input point due to biochemical oxygen demand, before eventually reaching a critical point and recovering further downstream.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
This document discusses rotating biological contactors (RBCs), which are fixed film, aerobic biological reactors used for wastewater treatment. RBCs use rotating discs to bring wastewater into contact with oxygen and microorganisms to reduce organic matter. Key parameters that control RBC performance include organic and hydraulic loading rates, biomass levels, disc speed, dissolved oxygen, staging, temperature, and disc submergence. Design considerations for RBCs include using multiple treatment stages, corrugated discs to maximize surface area, and hydraulic retention times of 0.7-1.5 hours. RBCs have advantages of simple operation, low energy use, and process stability, but lack flexibility and can be sensitive to
Seawater desalination operation maintainence and trouble shootingRajesh Mon
This document discusses the operations, maintenance, and troubleshooting of a seawater desalination plant using reverse osmosis technology. It begins with an introduction to seawater characteristics and water quality standards. It then covers the reverse osmosis process, membrane types, system design software, energy recovery systems, chemical usage, and general operation and maintenance procedures. Maintaining proper operation and start-up/shutdown procedures is important for long-term membrane performance and preventing fouling or scaling issues.
Reverse Osmosis Sea water Desalination System Presentation - Genesis Water Te...Nick Nicholas
This document describes GWT's sea water desalination systems. The systems utilize reverse osmosis membrane technology to remove salt and minerals from sea water, producing potable water. The systems are designed for various applications and can treat sea water with total dissolved solids levels up to 45,000 ppm. Key features include advanced energy recovery, nano-composite membranes, and filtration to optimize water quality while reducing costs. GWT systems provide sustainable desalination with lower capital and operating expenses.
Thermax offers integrated water management solutions including sewage treatment. Their fluidized aerobic biofilm (FAB) reactor uses floating media to support biomass growth, treating sewage in an attached film with advantages over conventional activated sludge processes. The modular FAB system can achieve over 90% reductions in both BOD and COD using two reactors in series with countercurrent air-wastewater flow.
The document discusses sewage treatment processes. It describes compact sewage treatment plants that occupy minimum space and have low operation and maintenance costs. These plants require less manpower and do not cause odor nuisance. They also allow for future expansion and minimal sludge handling. The document then discusses various sewage treatment technologies and their advantages, including fluidized bed reactors which have very low area requirements compared to other processes and allow for efficient treatment.
The document discusses sewage treatment in Lucknow, India. It describes two existing sewage treatment plants (STPs), Daulatganj STP and Bharwara STP, and notes that while they are working properly, not all wastewater is being treated. It also notes issues like insufficient biogas generation at Bharwara STP due to diluted sewage, and a need for tertiary treatment and water quality monitoring. Overall it evaluates the sewage infrastructure and treatment processes in Lucknow.
Characterization of Leachate Contaminants from Waste Dumpsites in Maiduguri, ...AZOJETE UNIMAID
This document characterizes leachate contaminants from four uncontrolled waste dumps in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Samples were collected and analyzed for pH, conductivity, dissolved solids, oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorine, sulfate, calcium, metals and other parameters. Analysis found pH ranged from 8.19-11.32 and total dissolved solids from 208-7460mg/l, indicating contamination of groundwater below dumps. Iron concentrations were highest, followed by lead, zinc, chromium, manganese and copper, attributed to materials like metals, lamps, appliances and preservatives in waste. To prevent health hazards from groundwater contamination, the study recommends Borno State implement proper waste management practices like engineered landfill
This document provides design guidelines for a Small Flow Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (SMART-Treat) system for treating domestic and commercial wastewater. It details specifications for influent flows and loads, anticipated effluent quality, and presents a case study of a SMART-Treat system successfully treating high-strength wastewater from a golf club restaurant. Key aspects covered include sizing the system based on population equivalents, defining domestic septic tank effluent characteristics, and achieving Class I treated effluent quality with average BOD and TSS less than 30 mg/L. Commercial and higher strength wastes are addressed by equivalizing to population load.
Desalination of Sea Water using Membrane technologyChandni Sinha
The document discusses various desalination methods for obtaining fresh water from seawater. It begins by introducing the importance of desalination given increasing fresh water scarcity. There are two main types of desalination processes: thermal and membrane. Thermal processes involve boiling saline water to produce distilled water, while membrane processes use semi-permeable membranes to separate fresh water from salt water. The document then goes into detail about various thermal and membrane desalination methods, including multi-stage flash distillation, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration. It also discusses factors involved in membrane development and selection.
Technical calculations for the biological treatment plantAlex Tagbo
This document discusses the design and operation of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant in Chennai, India that uses biological treatment processes. The plant serves 55,000 people and uses principles of carbon elimination, nitrification, and denitrification. It follows guidelines from ATV 131, the German technical standard for wastewater treatment plant design. The document outlines the treatment process, design considerations, and compares German and Indian wastewater treatment standards. It also analyzes how treatment plant size and volume requirements vary with influent temperature and population size.
WWE CH-4 Planning for wastewater treatment and its reclamation.pptxTadviDevarshi
Indian standards for disposal of treated wastewaters on land and in natural streams, Agricultural irrigation, Ground water recharge, Treated wastewater reclamation and reuse, Introduction to duckweed pond, vermiculture and root zone technology for wastewater treatment, Special treatments, Recent technologies of treatment.
Silvia Jimenez Herrera, ingeniera de I+D en ACCIONA Agua, presenta la ponencia “Novel Process for Produced Water Polishing: Enhanced Flotation Combined With Advanced Oxidation Processes’ durante la conferencia anual que la asociación europea de desalación ha celebrado en Roma entre los días 22-26 de mayo de 2016.
Reverse osmosis desalination systems face several challenges including fouling of membranes, high energy consumption, removal of boron and fluoride, brine disposal, and solid waste generation. Solutions and developments have aimed to address these issues through improved pretreatment methods, development of new antifouling membranes, use of renewable energy sources, hybrid removal processes, and improved brine disposal and solid waste management. However, reverse osmosis systems also pose environmental and health risks that require mitigation such as use as a last resort for water treatment and ensuring minimum mineral standards in demineralized drinking water.
This document discusses various desalination processes and their energy requirements and costs. It provides details on membrane-based processes like forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, and membrane distillation. Forward osmosis uses osmotic pressure to purify water and has potential applications in water treatment, energy production, and life sciences. The document outlines several pilot projects using forward osmosis and membrane distillation technologies and discusses the benefits and challenges of these innovative approaches to desalination.
The document discusses different types of lagoon systems used to treat wastewater. Aerobic lagoons use aeration to add oxygen and facilitate microbial activity to break down organic matter. Facultative lagoons contain aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative zones. Both require regular maintenance to prevent issues like damage from rodents or accumulation of material on aeration equipment. Lagoons are well-suited for warm climates and treating low to medium strength wastewaters but have limitations in cold climates and removing certain contaminants from effluent.
The document describes a study on treating landfill leachate using a two-stage anaerobic-aerobic system. The system uses an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor for the anaerobic stage followed by a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for the aerobic stage. The objectives are to determine the performance of the combined system and enhance nitrogen removal. Key parameters like COD, BOD, NH4-N, and NO3-N are monitored in both reactors. Preliminary results show the total system achieves high removals of 91.72% for BOD and 46.44% for COD. Nitrogen removal is 34.75%
Produced Water Treatment to Enhance Oil Recoverygusgon
This document discusses water treatment technologies for the oil and gas industry. It covers upstream, produced, and downstream water treatment. Upstream treatment includes produced water separation and reinjection. Downstream treatment involves process water treatment and wastewater treatment for refineries and petrochemical plants. The document provides an overview of various separation, filtration, and disinfection technologies used at each stage of water treatment in the petroleum industry.
This document discusses wastewater treatment and pollution. It covers the constituents of wastewater, including microorganisms, solids, inorganic and organic matter. It discusses the measurement of biochemical oxygen demand and describes municipal, industrial, and stormwater wastewater. The effects of water pollutants are outlined. Methods of wastewater collection and different types of sewer systems are summarized. Biological and physical/chemical wastewater treatment plants and processes are briefly described.
Evaluation of a hybrid forward osmosis systemacciona
Beatriz Corzo , del departamento de I+D de ACCIONA Agua, presentó la ponencia "Evaluation of a hybrid forward osmosis system for agricultural reuse of high salinity wastewater” en la conferencia anual que la asociación europea de desalación ha celebrado en Roma entre los días 22-26 de mayo de 2016.
This document discusses various aspects of self-purification of streams, including:
1. Water pollution can come from point sources like factories or sewage systems, which are easier to identify and control, or non-point sources like agricultural runoff, which are harder to control.
2. Self-purification occurs through dilution, dispersion, sedimentation, oxidation, reduction, and effects of temperature and sunlight. Bacteria break down organic pollutants, using up dissolved oxygen.
3. A DO sag curve shows how dissolved oxygen levels decrease from the input point due to biochemical oxygen demand, before eventually reaching a critical point and recovering further downstream.
Lecture note of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil
Prepared by
Prof S S Jahagirdar,
Associate Professor,
N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech,
Solapur
This document discusses rotating biological contactors (RBCs), which are fixed film, aerobic biological reactors used for wastewater treatment. RBCs use rotating discs to bring wastewater into contact with oxygen and microorganisms to reduce organic matter. Key parameters that control RBC performance include organic and hydraulic loading rates, biomass levels, disc speed, dissolved oxygen, staging, temperature, and disc submergence. Design considerations for RBCs include using multiple treatment stages, corrugated discs to maximize surface area, and hydraulic retention times of 0.7-1.5 hours. RBCs have advantages of simple operation, low energy use, and process stability, but lack flexibility and can be sensitive to
Seawater desalination operation maintainence and trouble shootingRajesh Mon
This document discusses the operations, maintenance, and troubleshooting of a seawater desalination plant using reverse osmosis technology. It begins with an introduction to seawater characteristics and water quality standards. It then covers the reverse osmosis process, membrane types, system design software, energy recovery systems, chemical usage, and general operation and maintenance procedures. Maintaining proper operation and start-up/shutdown procedures is important for long-term membrane performance and preventing fouling or scaling issues.
Reverse Osmosis Sea water Desalination System Presentation - Genesis Water Te...Nick Nicholas
This document describes GWT's sea water desalination systems. The systems utilize reverse osmosis membrane technology to remove salt and minerals from sea water, producing potable water. The systems are designed for various applications and can treat sea water with total dissolved solids levels up to 45,000 ppm. Key features include advanced energy recovery, nano-composite membranes, and filtration to optimize water quality while reducing costs. GWT systems provide sustainable desalination with lower capital and operating expenses.
Thermax offers integrated water management solutions including sewage treatment. Their fluidized aerobic biofilm (FAB) reactor uses floating media to support biomass growth, treating sewage in an attached film with advantages over conventional activated sludge processes. The modular FAB system can achieve over 90% reductions in both BOD and COD using two reactors in series with countercurrent air-wastewater flow.
The document discusses sewage treatment processes. It describes compact sewage treatment plants that occupy minimum space and have low operation and maintenance costs. These plants require less manpower and do not cause odor nuisance. They also allow for future expansion and minimal sludge handling. The document then discusses various sewage treatment technologies and their advantages, including fluidized bed reactors which have very low area requirements compared to other processes and allow for efficient treatment.
The document discusses sewage treatment in Lucknow, India. It describes two existing sewage treatment plants (STPs), Daulatganj STP and Bharwara STP, and notes that while they are working properly, not all wastewater is being treated. It also notes issues like insufficient biogas generation at Bharwara STP due to diluted sewage, and a need for tertiary treatment and water quality monitoring. Overall it evaluates the sewage infrastructure and treatment processes in Lucknow.
Characterization of Leachate Contaminants from Waste Dumpsites in Maiduguri, ...AZOJETE UNIMAID
This document characterizes leachate contaminants from four uncontrolled waste dumps in Maiduguri, Nigeria. Samples were collected and analyzed for pH, conductivity, dissolved solids, oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chlorine, sulfate, calcium, metals and other parameters. Analysis found pH ranged from 8.19-11.32 and total dissolved solids from 208-7460mg/l, indicating contamination of groundwater below dumps. Iron concentrations were highest, followed by lead, zinc, chromium, manganese and copper, attributed to materials like metals, lamps, appliances and preservatives in waste. To prevent health hazards from groundwater contamination, the study recommends Borno State implement proper waste management practices like engineered landfill
This document provides design guidelines for a Small Flow Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (SMART-Treat) system for treating domestic and commercial wastewater. It details specifications for influent flows and loads, anticipated effluent quality, and presents a case study of a SMART-Treat system successfully treating high-strength wastewater from a golf club restaurant. Key aspects covered include sizing the system based on population equivalents, defining domestic septic tank effluent characteristics, and achieving Class I treated effluent quality with average BOD and TSS less than 30 mg/L. Commercial and higher strength wastes are addressed by equivalizing to population load.
Desalination of Sea Water using Membrane technologyChandni Sinha
The document discusses various desalination methods for obtaining fresh water from seawater. It begins by introducing the importance of desalination given increasing fresh water scarcity. There are two main types of desalination processes: thermal and membrane. Thermal processes involve boiling saline water to produce distilled water, while membrane processes use semi-permeable membranes to separate fresh water from salt water. The document then goes into detail about various thermal and membrane desalination methods, including multi-stage flash distillation, reverse osmosis, and nanofiltration. It also discusses factors involved in membrane development and selection.
Technical calculations for the biological treatment plantAlex Tagbo
This document discusses the design and operation of a decentralized wastewater treatment plant in Chennai, India that uses biological treatment processes. The plant serves 55,000 people and uses principles of carbon elimination, nitrification, and denitrification. It follows guidelines from ATV 131, the German technical standard for wastewater treatment plant design. The document outlines the treatment process, design considerations, and compares German and Indian wastewater treatment standards. It also analyzes how treatment plant size and volume requirements vary with influent temperature and population size.
WWE CH-4 Planning for wastewater treatment and its reclamation.pptxTadviDevarshi
Indian standards for disposal of treated wastewaters on land and in natural streams, Agricultural irrigation, Ground water recharge, Treated wastewater reclamation and reuse, Introduction to duckweed pond, vermiculture and root zone technology for wastewater treatment, Special treatments, Recent technologies of treatment.
Silvia Jimenez Herrera, ingeniera de I+D en ACCIONA Agua, presenta la ponencia “Novel Process for Produced Water Polishing: Enhanced Flotation Combined With Advanced Oxidation Processes’ durante la conferencia anual que la asociación europea de desalación ha celebrado en Roma entre los días 22-26 de mayo de 2016.
Reverse osmosis desalination systems face several challenges including fouling of membranes, high energy consumption, removal of boron and fluoride, brine disposal, and solid waste generation. Solutions and developments have aimed to address these issues through improved pretreatment methods, development of new antifouling membranes, use of renewable energy sources, hybrid removal processes, and improved brine disposal and solid waste management. However, reverse osmosis systems also pose environmental and health risks that require mitigation such as use as a last resort for water treatment and ensuring minimum mineral standards in demineralized drinking water.
This document discusses various desalination processes and their energy requirements and costs. It provides details on membrane-based processes like forward osmosis, reverse osmosis, and membrane distillation. Forward osmosis uses osmotic pressure to purify water and has potential applications in water treatment, energy production, and life sciences. The document outlines several pilot projects using forward osmosis and membrane distillation technologies and discusses the benefits and challenges of these innovative approaches to desalination.
The document discusses different types of lagoon systems used to treat wastewater. Aerobic lagoons use aeration to add oxygen and facilitate microbial activity to break down organic matter. Facultative lagoons contain aerobic, anaerobic, and facultative zones. Both require regular maintenance to prevent issues like damage from rodents or accumulation of material on aeration equipment. Lagoons are well-suited for warm climates and treating low to medium strength wastewaters but have limitations in cold climates and removing certain contaminants from effluent.
The document describes a study on treating landfill leachate using a two-stage anaerobic-aerobic system. The system uses an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor for the anaerobic stage followed by a Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR) for the aerobic stage. The objectives are to determine the performance of the combined system and enhance nitrogen removal. Key parameters like COD, BOD, NH4-N, and NO3-N are monitored in both reactors. Preliminary results show the total system achieves high removals of 91.72% for BOD and 46.44% for COD. Nitrogen removal is 34.75%
Produced Water Treatment to Enhance Oil Recoverygusgon
This document discusses water treatment technologies for the oil and gas industry. It covers upstream, produced, and downstream water treatment. Upstream treatment includes produced water separation and reinjection. Downstream treatment involves process water treatment and wastewater treatment for refineries and petrochemical plants. The document provides an overview of various separation, filtration, and disinfection technologies used at each stage of water treatment in the petroleum industry.
This document discusses wastewater treatment and pollution. It covers the constituents of wastewater, including microorganisms, solids, inorganic and organic matter. It discusses the measurement of biochemical oxygen demand and describes municipal, industrial, and stormwater wastewater. The effects of water pollutants are outlined. Methods of wastewater collection and different types of sewer systems are summarized. Biological and physical/chemical wastewater treatment plants and processes are briefly described.
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS DESIGN MODEL OF BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND IN INTEGRATED ...IAEME Publication
A dimensional analysis design model for the prediction of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) in the integrated solar and hydraulic jump enhanced waste stabilization pond (ISHJEWSP) was derived using the Buckingham’s π-theorem approach. The concentration of effluent BOD was derived as a function of the influent concentration of BOD, intensity of solar radiation, influent algae concentration, inlet velocity, density of wastewater, characteristic length of the pond, detention time, dispersion coefficient and dissolved oxygen.
ADEPP is a tool for configuration management that can be used across the entire lifecycle of a project, from design through operation and maintenance. It improves safety by facilitating communication between disciplines and tracking requirements, verification schemes, activities, and tasks. The tool uses interactive knowledge management on 2D/3D platforms and combined dynamic simulation, consequence modeling, event tree analysis, and fault tree analysis to enhance design quality.
TNO is researching unconventional gas resources in the Netherlands including shale gas. Their research focuses on estimating gas resource volumes, identifying optimal drilling locations, developing smart extraction methods, ensuring safe production, and providing knowledge to inform policy decisions. Key points include estimated shale gas resources of 175-525 BCM, modeling to understand basin maturity and fracture properties, comparing extraction techniques like hydraulic fracturing and fishbone wells, and predicting impacts like induced seismicity. TNO coordinates both national and European research collaborations on unconventional gas exploration and extraction.
ADEPP Training Programs provides online and on-the-job training courses in health, safety, and environmental (HSE) management delivered by experienced trainers. The training focuses on hazardous projects and includes 14 specialized courses covering topics like risk assessment, safety critical element identification, fire explosion modeling, and HSE management systems. Courses are 3 days or less and provide presentations, case studies, and 3 months of on-the-job training using ADEPP monitoring software.
This document discusses using low field NMR to characterize low permeability media like shales. It describes challenges in measuring properties like porosity and cementation exponent in shales due to their small pore sizes down to 1 nm. It presents NMR examples measuring properties of caprock and gas shales. The document outlines approaches to determine pore size distribution, fluid typing, and signatures of water, methane, and organic matter using T1-T2 mapping. It shows examples of NMR measurements that allow distinguishing signatures of different fluid components and determining properties like cementation exponent in shales.
This document provides a summary of innovative stimulation technologies for shale gas recovery. It discusses various fracturing methods including hydraulic, pneumatic, dynamic loading, and other methods. Specific technologies are described in more detail, including liquid carbon dioxide fracturing, LPG fracturing, energized fluids, HiWAY flow channel fracturing, various perforating technologies like FracGun, StimGun, GasGun, and a proposed Multistage Perforator. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are presented. The goal is to review these technologies to inspire discussion between industry and academia around developing environmentally friendly and economically viable solutions for Polish shales.
This document discusses ADEPP, a tool for configuration management in health, safety, and environmental (HSE) management systems. It describes how ADEPP can be used to engineer requirements, define performance standards, plan activities and assign tasks, and track progress through an online system. The document also discusses how ADEPP can interface with various simulation and modeling software to assess risks and safety measures over the lifecycle of oil and gas projects.
The document summarizes the BONUS-MIRACLE project, which received EU funding to identify new governance configurations to reduce nutrient enrichment and flood risks in the Baltic Sea region. The project will involve stakeholders in workshops to identify "win-win" solutions to meet different policy goals. Researchers will provide scientific support through modeling scenarios of impacts on water quality and flows, as well as policy and economic analyses. Case studies will be conducted in four areas dealing with issues like flooding, nutrient levels, and biodiversity conservation. The project is led by Linkoping University and involves partners from Sweden, Germany, Poland, Latvia, Denmark.
Negotation of an Oil Exploration/Production Contract, Professeur Michel Vuill...Esther Petrilli-Massey
This document discusses the negotiation process for an exploration/production contract. It defines negotiation and provides a typology for competitive and cooperative negotiations. It also outlines developing a negotiation plan, including identifying key issues, objectives, strategies, scenarios, and frameworks for analyzing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats, objectives, issues, value scales, negotiation positions, information, and expected negotiation processes. The goal is to prepare for negotiation by understanding the issues, other parties, and developing strategies to achieve objectives.
Risk-based design aims to reduce risks of major accidents during a project's lifecycle. It identifies safety critical elements and sets performance standards for managing them. The ADEPP method uses tools like hazard analysis, consequence modeling, and an online monitoring system to systematically identify safety critical systems, determine appropriate performance standards, and track actions over a project's lifecycle to maintain risk reduction.
This document outlines Global Hose Management procedures for Expro to standardize identification, use, maintenance and safety practices regarding hoses used in well testing operations. It details hose procurement, inspection, tracking, rig up/down, storage, transportation and discard processes. The goal is to establish best practices for hose selection, use and maintenance to prevent incidents from hose failures through standardized procedures.
Expro provides well testing services and champions safety, quality, and treating customers as partners. They have achieved this position through their people, performance, and partnerships. Expro employs highly trained people and uses the best equipment and innovative technology to deliver high quality services safely. They have strong partnerships with customers built on reliability, accountability, and adapting to customers' needs.
This document discusses choke manifold operation and maintenance. It recommends turning the adjustable stem handle during pressure testing to check for leaks. It also provides guidance on checking the adjustable choke before and after operations, as well as tips for troubleshooting based on pressure readings. The document concludes by soliciting feedback from trainees.
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Membrane Separation Technology for Water Treatment in Upstream Oil & Gas Operations
1. James Robinson, 2016
Membrane Separation Technology for
Water Treatment in
Upstream Oil & Gas Operations
James Robinson, P.E.
April 20, 2016
Semi-Annual Water & Wastewater Short Course: Issues, Challenges, Solutions & New Technologies
Global Petroleum Research Institute (GPRI) - Texas A&M Department of Petroleum Engineering
2. James Robinson, 2016
James Robinson, P.E.
Experience
• Water Treatment
Engineering Advisor
• Chevron (2011-2015)
• BP (2000-2009)
• Water Management
Engineering Consultant
• Oxidane Engineering (2009-2011, 2015-present)
• Cypress Engineering (1991-2000)
Professional
• Professional Engineer
• Society of Petroleum Engineers
• Produced Water Society
Education
• B.S. in Civil Engineering (1990)
Louisiana State University
• M.S. in Engineering (1992)
Rice University
Contact
• jcr.tx@icloud.com
• (281) 384-3327
3. James Robinson, 2016
Outline
• Introduction / Overview
• Composition / Characterization
• Seawater,
• Produced Water
• Quantities
• Produced Water Disposition
• Water Treatment Process Design
• Onshore Scenarios
• Offshore Scenarios
4. James Robinson, 2016
Terms used
• PW - produced water
• BPD - barrels per day
• MF - microfiltration membrane
• NF - nanofiltration membrane
• SRM - sulfate removal membrane
• RO - reverse osmosis membrane
• TSS - total suspended solids
• TDS - total dissolved solids
• TPH - total petroleum hydrocarbons (non-soluble organics)
• TOG - total oil & grease (soluble & non-soluble organics)
• EOR - enhanced oil recovery
• ASP - alkali, surfactant, polymer (Chemical-EOR)
• IX - ion exchange (softening)
7. James Robinson, 2016
Primary Produced Water Constituents
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
8. James Robinson, 2016
Primary Produced Water Constituents to remove
for Produced Water Re-Injection (PWRI)
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
TPH TSS
MF
9. James Robinson, 2016
Primary Produced Water Constituents to remove
for Offshore Discharge
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
TPH
TOG
10. James Robinson, 2016
Primary Produced Water Constituents to remove
for Chemical-EOR Flood
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
TSSTPH
TOG
HardnessNF
MF
11. James Robinson, 2016
Primary Produced Water Constituents to remove
for Low Salinity Waterflood & Beneficial Reuse
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
Produced Water
Organic Inorganic
Insoluble SolubleInsoluble Soluble
Cations Anions
Monovalent Multivalent
TSSTPH
TOG
TDS
MF
RO
12. James Robinson, 2016
Quantities
• Seawater Injection
• Many offshore developments inject ~1 to 2 bbls seawater per bbl fluid (oil & water)
produced
• Typical offshore injection wells are designed to injection ~10,000 to 30,000 BPD seawater
• Several large offshore facilities inject ~500,000 BPD seawater
• Produced Water
• On average, 8 bbls water produced per bbl oil worldwide
• Some mature field are economically operated at up to 98% water cut (50 bbls water
produced / bbl oil produced)
• U.S. produced water for all oil & gas is ~21 billion bbls (882 billion gals)
(Source: Clark and Veil, 2009)
• Of that amount, flow-back water from hydraulic fracturing of unconventional wells in the
US is ~1.2 billion bbls (50 billion gals; 5.7% of all produced water)
13. James Robinson, 2016
Produced Water Disposition
• Onshore
~95% PW is re-injected into injection wells
(either water flood or disposal)
~5% PW is treated for beneficial reuse
(generally, where disposal capacity is limited or where water is scarce)
• Offshore
~85% PW is treated for discharge into the sea
(disposal overboard)
~15% PW is re-injected into injection wells
(either water flood or disposal; generally, where required by regulation)
14. James Robinson, 2016
Water Treatment Process Design
• Water Balance & Water Management Plan
• Source Water (Influent) Selection &
Water Quality Characterization
• Operational Conditions, Constraints & Priorities
• Treated Effluent Use, Disposal &
Water Quality Specifications
• Optimize Water Management (Reduce, Reuse & Recycle)
• Technology Selection
• Integration of multi-technology process (pre-treatment processes)
15. James Robinson, 2016
Water Balance & Water Management Plan
• Water Balance
• Determine Water Needs
• Identify Potential Water Sources and
Capacities
• Determine Wastewater Streams
• Identify Wastewater Disposal Options
and Capacities
• Optimize Water Management
• Identify Water Efficiency / Reduction
Opportunities
• Identify Water Reuse Opportunities
(with minimal or no water treatment)
• Identify Water Recycling Opportunities
(with significant water treatment)
• Develop a Water Management Plan:
• Meets water needs
• Has available/sustainable water
sources
• Ensures adequate wastewater disposal
capacity / reliability
• Considers timing of water needs, water
sources, wastewater streams
• Maximizes economic benefits of water
reduction, reuse & recycling
• Minimized environmental impacts on
water supplies and environments where
wastewater is disposed
16. James Robinson, 2016
Treatment Conditions, Constraints & Priorities
• Water Quality & Quantity variability
• Onshore vs Offshore
• Manned vs Un-manned
• Manually Controlled vs Remote Controlled vs Automated
• CAPEX vs OPEX
• Reliability / Redundancy
• Project life-cycle, re-deployment
17. James Robinson, 2016
Primary Options for Produced Water Disposition
• Reuse (minimal or no treatment)
• Waterflood
• Recycling (requires treatment)
• Steam Flood EOR
• Low Salinity Waterflood EOR
• Chemical-EOR Flood
• Beneficial Reuse
• Agriculture
• Irrigation
• Livestock
• Stream flow restoration
• Groundwater Aquifer restoration
• Disposal
• Deep well injection
• Surface discharge (offshore discharge)
• Evaporation
18. James Robinson, 2016
Technology Selection
• Select the most appropriate (economical / reliable /
compact) technology(s) that will achieve the
Treated Effluent Specifications, given the
Source Water Characterization and
Operational Conditions, Constraints & Priorities
• A multi-technology process is often required
(pre-treatment, etc.)
19. James Robinson, 2016
Examples of Onshore Scenarios (Generic/Hypothetical)
• Onshore Produced Water Treatment Process
(Ceramic MF & RO)
• Onshore Chemical-EOR Waterflood Process (MF & NF)
• Onshore Gas Gathering and Processing Plant
Wastewater Recycling Process (MF & RO)
20. James Robinson, 2016
Onshore Produced Water Treatment Process
(Ceramic MF & RO)
Scenario: Beneficial reuse of produced water used as alternative to water disposal in wells due to
limited water disposal capacity and reliability; Ceramic MF used as a pre-treatment for IX and RO
Influent: Produced Water (formation water plus re-produced steam)
Influent Water Characterization:
Flowrate: 50,000 BPD
TDS: 6,000 mg/L
TSS: 10 mg/L
TPH: 100 mg/L (after primary oil/water separation)
Treated Effluent Use: Discharge to Surface Wetlands
Treated Effluent Specification:
TDS: < 500 mg/L
TPH: < 1 mg/L
(additional treated effluent specification include organic compounds and metals)
Process:
Primary
Oil/Water
Separation
PW Gravity
Separation
IX WetlandsRO
Surface
Discharge
to River
Gas
Flotation
Walnut
Shell
Filter
Ceramic
MF
22. James Robinson, 2016
Onshore Chemical-EOR Waterflood Process
(Ceramic MF & NF)
Scenario: Ceramic MF used as pretreatment for IX and NF; NF used for PW softening for mixing
with ASP for injection into wells for enhanced oil production
Influents:
Produced Water (formation water)
Influent Water Characterization:
Flowrate: 50,000 BPD
TDS: 2,500 mg/L
TSS: 10 mg/L
TPH: 100 mg/L (after primary oil/water separation)
Treated Effluent Use: Produced Water Recycling for Mixing with ASP for polymer flood
Treated Effluent Specifications:
For mixing with ASP and then injection into wells:
Hardness: < 30 mg/L
TPH: < 1 mg/L (feed into NF)
TSS: < 1 mg/L
Process:
Primary
Oil/Water
Separation
PW Gravity
Separation
IX
ASP
Mixing
NF
Injection
Wells
Gas
Flotation
Walnut
Shell
Filter
Ceramic
MF
24. James Robinson, 2016
Onshore Gas Gathering and Processing Plant
Wastewater Recycling Process (MF & RO)
Scenario: Wastewater recycling is an alternative to disposal in wells due to limited well disposal capacity and reliability
Influents:
Produced Water (formation water); (oily, saline & TSS)
Utility / Process Area Water (UPA: wash water) (oily, non-saline, TSS)
IX Brine (non-oily, saline, no-TSS)
Cooling Tower Blowdown (CBD: non-oily, saline, no-TSS)
Steam Boiler Blowdown (BBD: non-oily, saline, no-TSS)
PW Water Characterization:
Flowrate: 1,900 m3/d (12,000 BPD)
TDS: 5,000 mg/L
TSS: 10 mg/L
TPH: 100 mg/L (after primary oil/water separation)
Treated Effluent Use: Produced Water Recycling for feed to Steam Boilers
Treated Effluent Specifications:
For reuse in Steam Boilers:
Hardness: < 0.5 mg/L (feed into steam boilers)
TPH: < 1 mg/L (feed into NF)
TSS: < 1 mg/L
Technology Selection:
• PW treatment with gas flotation & nutshell filtration prior to wastewater recycling process
• Concentrated brine streams (CBD, BBD, IX Brine) go to disposal wells (not sent to PW recycling process
• PW & UPA streams are combined and treated with MF & NF in wastewater recycling process
25. James Robinson, 2016
Onshore Gas Gathering and Processing Plant
Without Wastewater Recycling Process
River Water
Intake
River Water
Treatment
Water
Distribution
Network
Sour
Water
Stripper
Boiler
Water
Treatment
Cooling
Water
Towers
Steam Injection:
2000 m3/d
Boiler Blowdown:
100 m3/d
Evaporation:
1000 m3/d
Cooling Tower Blowdown: 50 m3/d
Sour Water: 100 m3/d
Utility /
Process Area
Wash-down
Water Utility/Wash-down Water;
100 m3/d
Steam
Boilers
IX Brine: 100 m3/d
Produced
Water:
2000 m3/d
Produced
Water
Treatment
Wastewater
Disposal
Wells
2100 m3/d
2200
m3/d
1050
m3/d
100
m3/d
100
m3/d
3450
m3/d
2450
m3/d
Produced Water;
2000 m3/d
26. James Robinson, 2016
Onshore Gas Gathering and Processing Plant
With Wastewater Recycling Process
River Water
Intake
River Water
Treatment
Water
Distribution
Network
Sour
Water
Stripper
Boiler
Water
Treatment
Cooling
Water
Towers
Steam Injection:
2000 m3/d
Boiler Blowdown:
100 m3/d
Evaporation:
1000 m3/d
Cooling Tower Blowdown: 50 m3/d
Sour Water: 100 m3/d
Utility /
Process Area
Wash-down
Water
Utility/Wash-down Water;
100 m3/d
Steam
Boilers
IX Brine: 20 m3/d (was 100 m3/d)
Produced
Water:
2000 m3/d
Produced
Water
Treatment
Wastewater
Disposal
Wells
MF & NF
Wastewater
Recycling
Process
Retentate
(Waste Stream):
210 m3/d
Permeate
(Recycled Water):
1890 m3/d
210 m3/d
230
m3/d
1050
m3/d
100
m3/d
100
m3/d
1480
m3/d
480
m3/d
(was
3450
m3/d)
(was
2450
m3/d)
27. James Robinson, 2016
Examples of Offshore Scenarios (Generic/Hypothetical)
• Offshore Waterflood Process (MF)
• Offshore Sulfate Removal Membrane (SRM) Process (NF)
• Offshore Low Salinity Waterflood Process (NF & RO)
• Offshore Chemical-EOR Waterflood Process (NF)
28. James Robinson, 2016
Offshore Waterflood Process (MF)
Scenario: MF used as an alternative to multi-media filters for suspended solids
removal; Seawater injection is to maintain reservoir pressure and improve oil
production
Influent: Seawater
Influent Water Characterization:
Flowrate: 100,000 BPD
TSS: 2 mg/L
Treated Effluent Use: Injection into wells for reservoir pressure maintenance
Treated Effluent Specification:
TSS: < 0.1 mg/L; max solids particle size < 10 microns
Process: Seawater
Lift Pumps
Coarse
Strainers
MF
Deaeration
Towers
Injection
Wells
29. James Robinson, 2016
Offshore Sulfate Removal Membrane (SRM)
Process (NF)
Scenario: sulfate removal membranes (SRM) used as mitigation to prevent barium
sulfate scale precipitation and/or reservoir souring; Seawater injection is to maintain
reservoir pressure and improve oil production
Influent: Seawater
Influent Water Characterization:
Flowrate: 100,000 BPD
TSS: 2 mg/L
SO4: 2,700 mg/L
Treated Effluent Use: Injection into wells for reservoir pressure maintenance
Treated Effluent Specification:
TSS: < 0.1 mg/L; max solids particle size < 10 microns
SO4: < 40 mg/L
Process: Seawater
Lift Pumps
Coarse
Strainers
MF
Deaeration
Towers
Injection
Wells
SRM
(NF)
30. James Robinson, 2016
Sulfate Removal Membranes (SRM)
• Used to mitigate scale formation:
• Where oilfield reservoir formation water contains significant amounts of barium and/or
strontium, injection of seawater can cause barium and strontium sulfate scale to be
formed.
• These scales can become deposited in production pipe internals and may also have
the effect of reducing reservoir permeability.
• Barium and strontium sulfate scales are difficult to remove since they are not easily
dissolved.
• Uses nano-filtration membranes to remove sulfates from seawater
• Reduces seawater sulfate ion concentration from around 2,700 ppm to less than 40 ppm.
• May help mitigate formation souring by limiting the action of sulfate reducing bacteria
(SRB)
33. James Robinson, 2016
Offshore Low-Salinity Waterflood Process
(NF & RO)
Scenario: A combination of NF and RO used to partially desalinate and remove sulfate from
seawater; Low-salinity seawater injection is to maintain reservoir pressure and enhance oil
production
Influent: Seawater
Influent Water Characterization:
Flowrate: 100,000 BPD
TDS: 35,000 mg/L
TSS: 2 mg/L
SO4: 2,700 mg/L
Treated Effluent Use: Injection into wells for reservoir pressure maintenance
Treated Effluent Specification:
TSS: < 0.1 mg/L; max solids particle size < 10 microns
TDS: < 4,000 mg/L
SO4: < 40 mg/L
Process:
Seawater
Lift Pumps
Coarse
Strainers
MF
Deaeration
Towers
Injection
Wells
NF
RO
34. James Robinson, 2016
Offshore Chemical-EOR Waterflood Process (NF)
Scenario: NF used to soften seawater; Softened seawater is mixed with ASP for injection to
maintain reservoir pressure and enhance oil production
Influent: Seawater
Influent Water Characterization:
Flowrate: 100,000 BPD
TDS: 35,000 mg/L
TSS: 2 mg/L
SO4: 2,700 mg/L
Treated Effluent Use: Mixing with ASP for polymer flood injection into wells for enhanced oil
production
Treated Effluent Specification:
TSS: < 0.1 mg/L; max solids particle size < 10 microns
SO4: < 40 mg/L
Hardness: < 300 mg/L
Process: Seawater
Lift Pumps
Coarse
Strainers
MF
Deaeration
Towers
ASP
Mixing
NF
Injection
Wells
35. James Robinson, 2016
Emerging Membrane Technologies
• Organo-phobic / Oleo-phobic MF (PW)
• Current MF is susceptible to fouling by suspended oil droplets in PW coating the
membrane surface. Surface repulsion of oil droplets would enable less-frequent
membrane cleaning cycles and less intensive pre-treatment for dispersed oil removal
• Subsea Seawater MF, NF & RO (on the Seafloor)
• Placement of seawater treatment processes at the location of subsea injection wells
would enable farther off-sets from host facilities thereby allowing greater areal sweep
of the reservoir, while also reducing weight and footprint on the host production
facility
• Membrane Distillation (PW & Seawater)
• Membrane Distillation (MD) is a thermally-driven separation process, in which only
vapor molecules transfer through a microporous hydrophobic membrane. The driving
force in the MD process is the vapor pressure difference induced by the temperature
difference across the hydrophobic membrane.
36. James Robinson, 2016
James Robinson, P.E.
Experience
• Water Treatment
Engineering Advisor
• Chevron (2011-2015)
• BP (2000-2009)
• Water Management
Engineering Consultant
• Oxidane Engineering (2009-2011, 2015-present)
• Cypress Engineering (1991-2000)
Professional
• Professional Engineer
• Society of Petroleum Engineers
• Produced Water Society
Education
• B.S. in Civil Engineering (1990)
Louisiana State University
• M.S. in Engineering (1992)
Rice University
Contact
• jcr.tx@icloud.com
• (281) 384-3327