Associated water is any water that is present in a reservoir with the hydrocarbon resource which is produced to the surface with the crude oil or natural gas.

1. Widad Ali. Mukhtar ,Ghaith Bojaful and Mona. El-Fakhiri
Department Of Petroleum Engineering, Faculty Of Engineering, Ajdabiya University, Libya.1,2
3Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ajdabiya University, Libya
* Corresponding author. E-mail: Widaadali459@gmail.com
The Fourth Scientific Conference of Environment
and Sustainable Development in the Arid and
Semi- Arid Regions

2. •What is the associated water?
• Characteristics and Statistics
• The Environment Impact
Management of Associated Water•
• MBR Technology
• Study Case
Conclusion And Recommendation•

3. Associated water is any
water that is present in a
reservoir with the
hydrocarbon resource
which is produced to the
surface with the crude oil
or natural gas.
its called also formation
water or produced water.
Fig 2 Source SPE
Fig1 shown associated water

4.  Salt content
chemical constituents
Oil and grease
inorganic and organic material
NORM

5. *API had calculated a water-to-oil
ratio of Approximately 7.5 bbl of
water for each barrel of oil
The total volume of produced water
estimated for 2012 is about 21.2
billion bbl.
(U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology)
*The worldwide average is 3 bbl of
water for each barrel of oil about 77
billion bbl/year , 210 million Bbl/d.
(2003 SPE paper)
* in Libya There is no available data
form NOC show actual volume of
produced water .
Fig 3 Source USDE
Fig 4 Source the international
journal of carbon technology

6. The main constituent of
associated water that causes
impacts is salt
Kills plants – Damages soils
chemicals which can cause
damage
damage to aquatic animals and plants
Evaporation pits and ponds can
generates air emissions including
H2S,CO2

7. Water minimization
 Recycle/Reuse
Treatment and Disposal
Keep associated water from the entering
the well
,
Downhole
separation s
Sea floor
separations
Mechanical
blocking devices
Water shut
off chemicals
Keep associated water from reaching
the surface

8. Injection for EOR
Injection for future use
Agricultural use
Industrial use
Discharge
underground Injection
Evaporation
Fig 5 shown EOR

9. Fig 6 Source John Veil, Veil Environmental , LLC

10. There are many of the treatment such as:
Gravity separation
 Biological treatment
Chemical treatment
 Membrane filtration

12. Membrane filtration is a technology which has
been developed in the past Decades for water
and waste water treatment
MBR can be categorized in
•micro filtration (MF),
• ultra filtration (UF),
• Nano filtration (NF)
•reverse osmosis (RO).
Membranes are manufactured of various
materials, mostly polymers also be made of
ceramics.

14. Membrane Separation
SolventParticle or Solute
Molecule
Membrane
Permeate
Feed

15. H2S PPMH2S%Location
45,0004.5GOSP1/9
2000.02GOSP4
1600.016GOSP6
37,0003.7GOSP7
Cl
ppm
Mg
ppm
Na
ppm
Ca
ppm
Total
Hardens
ppm
Fe iron
Soluble
ppm
TDs
ppm
S.GRPHSalinity
ppm
location
13672808975007801.10986000.85016.4121680GOSP4
131329085143072002.0998000.84766.060000GOSP6
-300-1800-28625140010.84015.3230000GOSP8

16. Associated water should be viewed
as an environmental asset and part
of the water resource solution ,not
as a waste that contributes to
environmental problems.

17. There are many options available for managing
associated water
associated water can become a resource by
many options that friendly environment
The water treatment is dependent on the
characteristics and quality of water, also the
purpose of its use after the treatment.
 can be reused in a wide range of applications,
including irrigation also be used for numerous
industrial processes

18. Abdulrzzak Alturkmani. Membranes Bioreactor Sewage Treatment for
Sustainable Effluents Reused .2011.
Baker RW (2004) Overview of membrane science and technology. In:
Membrane technology applications, 2nd edn, Wiley, England, pp 1–14.
John A. Veil Markus G. Puder Deborah Elcock Robert J. Redweik, Jr. U.S.
White Paper Describing Produced Water from Production of Crude Oil
Department of Energy. January 2004.
local articles http://www.correspondents.org/ar/ly
 Occupational Safety and Health Administration https://www.osha.gov
Simon Judd. The MBR Book, Principles and Applications of Membrane
Bioreactors in Water and Wastewater Treatment. UK , 2006.
Earl L. Hagström, Christopher Lyles, Mala Pattanayek, Bridgette DeShields
&Mark P. Berkman, Produced Water—Emerging Challenges, Risks, and
Opportunities: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2016.1176471