Water Quality : Drinking water and Industrial Water

1. Environmental Concise ManufacturingEnvironmental Concise Manufacturing
• Presented By Munatsi Chuma
NUST BEng Hons Industrial & Manufacturing
Final Year Student (2015)

2. CAN I DRINK THE WATER ???

3. Quality indicators for drinking water
Alkalinity ( AT ) a measure of the capacity of water to
neutralize or “buffer” acids
Color of water
pH a measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous
solution.(1-14)
Taste and odor (Geosmin, 2-methylisoborneol (MIB),)
Microorganisms such as fecal coliform bacteria
(Escherichia coli), Cryptosporidium, and Giardia lamblia
Water quality is a measure of how suitable water is for a particular purpose.
Any physical, chemical, or biological component which affects water quality is considered to be a water quality variable or parameter.

4. Quality indicators for drinking water
 Dissolved Metals and Salts (sodium,
chloride, potassium, calcium, manganese,
magnesium)
 Dissolved Metalloids (lead, mercury,
arsenic, etc.)
 Dissolved organics: colored dissolved
organic matter (CDOM), dissolved organic
carbon (DOC)
 Radon a chemical element which is
radioactive, colorless, odorless, tasteless noble
gas,
 Heavy metals
 Pharmaceuticals
Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) are the total amount of mobile charged ions, including minerals, salts or metals dissolved in a given volume of water

5. Quality for environmental water
Environmental water quality, also called
ambient water quality, relates to water bodies
such as lakes, rivers, and oceans.
Water quality standards vary significantly due to
different environmental conditions, ecosystems,
and intended human uses.
Toxic substances and high populations of
certain micro-organisms can present a health
hazard for non-drinking purposes such as
irrigation, swimming, fishing, rafting, boating,
and industrial uses.
In testing water quality, water is usually sampled and sent to chemical laboratories
which measure the concentrations of potential contaminants

6. Quality indicators of environmental water
Chemical assessment
Salinity is a measure of the content of salts in soil or
water.
Dissolved Oxygen (DO)
Nitrate-N
Orthophosphates
Chemical oxygen demand (COD)s
Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)
Pesticides
In the United States, pesticides were found to pollute every stream and over 90% of wells
sampled in a study by the US Geological Survey

7. Quality indicators of environmental water
 Physical assessment
 pH
 Temperature
 Total suspended solids (TSS)
 Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by large
numbers of individual particles that are generally invisible to the naked
eye.
In water bodies such as lakes, rivers and reservoirs, high turbidity levels
reduce the amount of light reaching lower depths, which can inhibit
growth of submerged aquatic plants and consequently affect species
which are dependent on them, such as fish and shellfish.

8. Quality indicators of environmental water
Biological assessment
Biological monitoring metrics have been developed in
many places
One widely used measure is the presence and
abundance of members of the insect orders
Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera.
(Commonly known as, Mayfly, Stonefly and Caddisfly.)
EPT indexes will naturally vary from region to region,
but generally, within a region, the greater the number of
taxa from these orders, the better the water quality.

9. Guidelines and Acts
• Zimbabwe Water Act 1998 (2003 Rev) : Chapter 20 : 24
– Part 5:Water Quality control and Environmental protection
• ISO
– Water quality is regulated by ISO is covered in the section of ICS 13.060
ranging from water sampling, drinking water, industrial class water,
sewage water, and examination of water for chemical, physical or
biological properties
– 13.060.01 Water Quality in General
– 13.060.20 Drinking Water
– 13.060.50/ 60 /70 covers water examination for chemical
substances/physical properties/biological properties.
• WHO Guideline (Quality for Drinking Water ) explains the science and
risk assessment methods behind the Who chemical and microbiological
standards.
• The different criteria have been developed by a number of governments
and agencies worldwide to protect human health and the environment.

10. WHO WATERGUIDELINE (2011)

11. Thought of the Day
• .

12. THANK YOU !!!!