Water pollution occurs when harmful substances enter water bodies, making the water unsuitable for uses like drinking or sustaining aquatic life. It can come from various point sources like industrial and domestic discharges, as well as non-point sources like surface runoff, carrying pollutants from agricultural lands, roads, and other areas. This contamination adversely impacts water quality by increasing turbidity, toxicity, and levels of nutrients, pathogens, and other pollutants. Effective treatment and management of sewage, industrial waste, and other sources of pollution are needed to control water pollution and protect water resources.
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
We can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals and people who depend on it remain healthy :) Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem and make our world a better place :D :)
Over the last decade, demand for spring management has increased as traditional spring sources have started drying up or becoming contaminated. In response, communities, NGOs and state agencies began dedicated spring protection programmes. In the Himalayas, the State of Sikkim and organizations such as Central Himalayan Action and Research Group (CHIRAG) and People Science Institute (PSI) started identifying and protecting spring recharge areas around 2007. The difference between these programmes and many other previous efforts is that they went beyond supply-side improvements to focus on the use of hydrogeology to map springsheds for targeted interventions.
The Advanced Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (ACWADAM), a research and capacity-building organization comprised of hydrogeologists and other experts began lending their expertise and building capacity of stakeholders. ACWADAM provides technical support, training and materials in hydrogeology to all network partners as well as others in India and the region. Similar programmes began independently in most of the mountain regions of India. Arghyam, a funding organization that was supporting many of these programmes, noticed that these disparate initiatives shared commonalities despite geographic diversity. They thus organized and funded a meeting of these various organizations in June 2014, and the Springs Initiative was born.
The springs initiative aims to tackle the current water crisis and to ensure safe and sustainable access to water for all, by promoting responsible and appropriate management of aquifers, springsheds, and watersheds and conserving ecosystems in partnership with communities, governments and other stakeholders.
This presentation has been developed as a part of the springs initiative to promote an understanding of springs and their role in mountainous areas.
We can work together to keep the environment clean so the plants, animals and people who depend on it remain healthy :) Working together, we can make pollution less of a problem and make our world a better place :D :)
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
Water pollution throughout the world is affecting food chains and food webs. Water such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and oceans become polluted in many different ways. One main way is the dumping of trash, or littering. Many creeks, rivers, and even oceans have been polluted by manmade items such as trash (EPA, 2011). When fresh water such as rivers and creeks become polluted, it hurts the surrounding wildlife.
Desalination, the process of removing salts from seawater.
To overcome the water scarcity different desalination processes are used over the word.Some the most common methods are described in it.
Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a diversity of plants and animals.
The quality of the water you consume or use in municipal or industrial processes must meet specific parameters to ensure that drinking water remains free from contaminants that could cause health issues.
Water quality measurements include physical, chemical, and biological parameters.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN TAMIRABARANI RIVER ENCROACHED BY WAT...Jenson Samraj
This dissertation explains the analysis of water quality in which the Eichhornia crassipes lives further from many different samples the water was analyzed by my friend Mr. Esakki Raja
This slide contents
* What is Water Pollution?
* Types and sources of Water Pollution
* Water Pollutants
* Population and Water needs
* The Effects Of Water Pollution
* Solutions to Water Pollution
* Preventive Measures for Water Pollution
This presentation discusses the drinking water quality parameters, drinking water quality standards, water quality index and classification of water bodies and standards
A large amount of water is discharged back after domestic and industrial usage.
Contamination upon reaching beyond certain allowed concentrations is termed pollution and the contaminants are called the pollutants.
If the concentration of substances naturally present in water increases then also the water is said to be polluted.
Water pollution may be defined as the contamination of streams, lakes, seas, underground water, or oceans by substances, which are harmful to living beings.
The water contamination is a widely common problem relating to the field of environmental and water resource engineering. It requires very sophisticated techniques to prevent the occurrence of contamination in ground or shallow water resources by all available prevention methods. This research discusses the different sources of ground water contamination and the effects of contaminated water on the health and environment. In addition to some details about the protection methods to keep water usable and finally recommendations and conclusion.
Water pollution throughout the world is affecting food chains and food webs. Water such as lakes, rivers, streams, creeks, and oceans become polluted in many different ways. One main way is the dumping of trash, or littering. Many creeks, rivers, and even oceans have been polluted by manmade items such as trash (EPA, 2011). When fresh water such as rivers and creeks become polluted, it hurts the surrounding wildlife.
Desalination, the process of removing salts from seawater.
To overcome the water scarcity different desalination processes are used over the word.Some the most common methods are described in it.
Water quality is one of the most important factors in a healthy ecosystem. Clean water supports a diversity of plants and animals.
The quality of the water you consume or use in municipal or industrial processes must meet specific parameters to ensure that drinking water remains free from contaminants that could cause health issues.
Water quality measurements include physical, chemical, and biological parameters.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY IN TAMIRABARANI RIVER ENCROACHED BY WAT...Jenson Samraj
This dissertation explains the analysis of water quality in which the Eichhornia crassipes lives further from many different samples the water was analyzed by my friend Mr. Esakki Raja
This slide contents
* What is Water Pollution?
* Types and sources of Water Pollution
* Water Pollutants
* Population and Water needs
* The Effects Of Water Pollution
* Solutions to Water Pollution
* Preventive Measures for Water Pollution
This presentation discusses the drinking water quality parameters, drinking water quality standards, water quality index and classification of water bodies and standards
A large amount of water is discharged back after domestic and industrial usage.
Contamination upon reaching beyond certain allowed concentrations is termed pollution and the contaminants are called the pollutants.
If the concentration of substances naturally present in water increases then also the water is said to be polluted.
Water pollution may be defined as the contamination of streams, lakes, seas, underground water, or oceans by substances, which are harmful to living beings.
This ppt. contains water pollution topic. It contains various reason of water pollution. I contains data released in 2018 on water contamination. which agents are involved in pollution of water which can be biological agents, chemical agents, physical agents, etc. It also contains water quality parameters.
Water is very useful for our daily
life. We use it for various purpose like
cocking, washing cloths, cleaning,
drinking, industries and agriculture
etc.Undesirable change in the physical, chemical and
biological characteristics of water that may harmfully
affect the life or create a potential hazard for living
organism is called “water pollution”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. • Water Is One Of The Basic Necessities Of All The
Living Organisms.
• Life Cannot Exit Without Water.
• About Three Fourth Part Of Our Earth Is Made
Up Of Water, But Very Little Water Is In Usable
Form.
3
4. • Water pollution can be defined as alteration in
physical, chemical or biological characteristics
of water through natural or human activities
making it unsuitable for its designated use.
4
5. 5
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies (e.g.
lakes, rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater), very often
by human activities. It occurs when pollutants (particles,
chemicals or substances that make water contaminated) are
discharged directly or indirectly into water bodies without
enough treatment to get rid of harmful compounds.
6. 1. Bad taste of drinking water.
2. Offensive odours from rivers, lakes and oceans.
3. Reduction in number of aquatic lives in fresh water and
sea water.
4. Oil & grease floating on the surface.
5. Unchecked growth of aquatic weeds.
6. Presence of colour due to organic matter.
6
7. The water which is suitable for drinking is known as portable
or wholesome water.
Qualities-
1. Odoourless, colourless
2. Free from suspended solids and turbidity
3. Free from toxic substances
4. Free from pathogenic organisms
5. Moderately soft
6. Asthetically pleasant i.e. cool and fresh
7
8. Pure form of
water
In form of H2O ,distilled water
Mineral water Acceptable limits of minerals
Tap water Water supplied by concerned authority
Polluted water Water containing impurities not suitable for
drinking
Contaminated
water
Water containing harmful impurities, not suitable
for any purpose nor even can be thrown in water
bodies
8
9. • The definition of water quality depends on the intended
uses of the water which may be either human consumption
or it may be for industries, irrigation, power generation,
recreation etc.
• Main parameters which are required to be tested for
determining the quality of water can be divided in to
• 1. Physical parameters
• 2.chemical parameters
• 3. biological parameters
9
Water Quality Standards
11. 1) Turbidity:
• pressure of suspended material like clay,silt,finely
divided organic material, plankton and other
inorganic material in water
• Indicate dirtiness of water and thus measure the
extent to which light absorbed or scattered by fine
suspended solids and colloidal solids.
• Can be removed by filtration ,sedimentation,
clarification.
11
Physical parameters INCLUDES
12. 2) Colour:
• Pure water is colourless but the presence of
suspended solids give apparent colour to the water,
while dissolved solids may impart true colour to
water.
• Can be removed by aeration, oxidation and
adsorption.
12
Physical parameters INCLUDES
13. 3) Odour and taste:
• Due to presence of mineral salts, domestic sewage, decomposing
organic matter, industrial waste, chemical compounds etc.
• Can be removed by aeration, dilution and disinfection.
4) Temperature:
• Biological activity increases with increase in temp.
• 10-20º C
13
Physical parameters INCLUDES
14. 1) Total dissolved Solids (TDS)
2) pH
3) Acidity
4) Alkalinity
5) Hardness
6) Chlorides
7) Fluorides
8) Metals
9) Organic matters
14
Chemical parameters INCLUDES
15. 1) Total dissolved Solids (TDS)
• Organic and inorganic particles
• Size varies from 10-3 µm to 10-5 µm
• Removed by RO, distillation,ion exchange process etc
2) pH
• Measure of degree of acidity or alkalinity of water
• 6.5-7.5
3) Acidity
• Capacity of substances to neutralize OH- ions
• Corrosion problem
15
16. 4) Alkalinity
• Capacity of substances to neutralize acids
• Shuts the biological activities
5) Hardness
• Soap destroying property of water
• Temporary hardness-boiling
• Permanent hardness-soda lime process
• Ground water
• 75-115 ppm
6) Chlorides
• Mainly due to intrusion of sea water, industrial & domestic waste in water supply
• Calcium & sodium chlorides
• Max 250 mg/l
16
17. 7) Fluorides
• Mainly associated with sedimentary and igneous rocks
• Toxic to humans and animals
• 1-1.5 mg/l
• Cavity problems
8) Metals
• Toxic-arsenic, barium, lead, mercury etc
• Non toxic-sodium, iron, manganese, aluminium, copper, zinc etc
9) Organic matters
• Biodegradable-fat, starches, proteins, alchohols, acids
• Non biodegradable-tannic acids, cellulose, phenols 17
18. • various microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and protozoa present
in water
• it may be pathogenic or non pathogenic
• Test-presumptive, confirmed, completed
I. Indian Standards Institution(ISI)
II. World Health Organization(WHO)
III. United States Public Health Service(USPHS)
IV. Indian Council of Medical Research(ICMR)
18
Microbiological parameters INCLUDES
19. 1. Point sources:
• Those sources which can be identified as a single location are
called point sources.
• Example of point sources are, industrial effluent, power
plants, domestic discharge etc.
19
Sources Of Water Pollution
21. 2.Non point sources or diffused sources :
• The discharge from this sources is not at any particular site, rather
these sources are scattered, which collectively pollute the water.
• Examples of non point sources are surface runoff from agricultural
fields, overflowing small drains, rain water sweeping road and fields,
atmospheric deposition etc.
21
24. 24
OTHER SOURCES OF WATER
POLLUTION
SEWAGE AND WASTE WATER
Sewage Is The Term Used For Wastewater That Often
Contains Feces, Urine And Laundry Waste. The Sewage And
Waste Water That Is Produced By Each Household Is
Chemically Treated And Released In To Sea With Fresh Water.
The Sewage Water Carries Harmful Bacteria And Chemicals
That Can Cause Serious Health Problems. Pathogens Are Known
As A Common Water Pollutant.
26. 26
MINING ACTIVITIES
Mining Is The Process Of Crushing The Rock And
Extracting Coal And Other Minerals From Underground.
These Elements When Extracted In The Raw Form Contains
Harmful Chemicals And Can Increase The Amount Of Toxic
Elements When Mixed Up With Water Which May Result In
Health Problems.
28. 28
OCEAN AND MARINE DUMPING
Again, Think Of The Rubbish We All Make Each Day.
Paper Waste, Food Waste, Plastic, Rubber, Metallic And
Aluminum Waste. In Some Countries, They Are Deposited
Into The Sea. All These Waste Types Take Time To
Decompose.
30. 30
UNDERGROUND STORAGE AND TUBE
LEAKAGES
Many Liquid Products (Petroleum Products) Are Stored In
Metal And Steel Tubes Underground. Other Sewage Systems
Run In Underground Tubes. Overtime, They Rust And Begin
To Leak. If That Happens, They Contaminate The Soils, And
The Liquids In Them End Up In Many Nearby Water Bodies.
33. Classification of Water pollutants
1. Organic pollutants
2. Inorganic pollutants
3. Sediments
4. Radioactive Pollutants
5. Thermal pollutants
33
34. The wastewaters such as, domestic and
municipal sewage, wastewater from food processing
industries, paper and pulp mills, etc. have
considerable concentration of biodegradable organic
compounds either in suspended, colloidal or
dissolved form. These wastes undergo degradation
and decomposition by bacterial activity. 34
35. Apart from the organic matter discharged in the
water body through sewage and industrial wastes,
high concentration of heavy metals and other
inorganic pollutants contaminate the water. These
compounds are non-biodegradable and persist in
the environment. These pollutants include mineral
acids, inorganic salts, metals, metals compounds,
complexes of metals with organic compounds,
35
36. Sediments are soil,mineral particles like
sand,silt,clay etc.
Construction sites, mining, deforested slopes,
farmlands, roads etc.
36
37. As a result of hot water discharge, the
temperature of water body increases, which
reduces the DO content of the water adversely,
affecting the aquatic life.
37
38. Mining and processing of ores,
Uses and testing of nuclear weapons.
Water from nuclear power plants
Waste from research lab and hospitals
38
39. Water pollution is a major problem in the global context. It has
been suggested that it is the leading worldwide cause of deaths
and diseases, and that it accounts for the deaths of more than
14,000 people daily.
An estimated 700 million Indians have no access to a proper
toilet and 1,000 Indian children die of diarrhea sickness every
day.
Some 90% of China's cities suffer from some degree of water
pollution, and nearly 500 million people lack access to safe
drinking water.
39
40. 40
CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION
Dealing With Water
Pollution Is Something That
Everyone (Including Governments
And Local Councils) Needs To Get
Involved With. Here Are A Few
Things You Can Do To Help:
41. 41
Never Throw Rubbish Away Anyhow. Always Look For
The Correct Waste Bin. If There Is None Around, Please Take It
Home And Put It In Your Trash Can. This Includes Places Like
The Beach, Riverside And Water Bodies.
42. 42
Use Water Wisely. Do Not Keep The Tap Running When
Not In Use. Also, You Can Reduce The Amount Of Water You
Use In Washing And Bathing. If We All Do This, We Can
Significantly Prevent Water Shortages And Reduce The Amount
Of Dirty Water That Needs Treatment.
43. 43
Do Not Throw Chemicals, Oils, Paints And Medicines
Down The Sink Drain, Or The Toilet. In Many Cities, Your Local
Environment Office Can Help With The Disposal Of Medicines
And Chemicals. Check With Your Local Authorities If There Is
A Chemical Disposal Plan For Local Residents.
44. 44
Buy More Environmentally Safe Cleaning Liquids For Use
At Home And Other Public Places. They Are Less Dangerous To
The Environment.
45. 45
If You Use Chemicals And Pesticides For Your Gardens
And Farms, Be Mindful Not To Overuse Pesticides And
Fertilizers. This Will Reduce Runoffs Of The Chemical Into
Nearby Water Sources. Start Looking At Options Of
Composting And Using Organic Manure Instead.
46. 46
If You Live Close To A Water Body, Try To Plant
Lots Of Trees And Flowers Around Your Home, So
That When It Rains, Chemicals From Your Home Does
Not Easily Drain Into The Water.
47. 47
LIQUID WASTE
(SEWAGE/WASTEWATER) TREATMENT
Wastewater (Liquid Waste) From Flushing The Toilet,
Bathing, Washing Sinks And General Cleaning Goes Down
The Drain And Into A Pipe, Which Joins A Larger Sewer Pipe
Under The Road. The Larger Pipe Also Joins A Major Pipe
That Leads To The Treatment Center.
50. EUTROPHICATION
• The Word Eutrophication Is Originated From Greek Words Eu = “Well” And Trophes
= “Food”. Thus, It Means “Well Feed” Or “Nutrient Rich”. Thus We Can Define
Eutrophication As Excessive Nutrient Load In Water Body By Nutrients.
• Depending Upon The Increasing Levels Of Productivity The Water Bodies Can Be
Classified In To
1. Oligotrophic:- Water With Poor Nutrient Status And Very Low Productivity Of
Aquatic Plants.
2. Masotrophic:- Water With Moderate Nutrient Status And Moderate Productivity
Of Aquatic Plants.
3. Eutrophic:- Water With Rich Nutrient Status And High Productivity Of Aquatic
Plants.
50
52. • Eutrophication Is A Natural Process And May Take Thousands Of Years.
• With Time The Nutrient Status Of The Water Bodies Gradually Increases.
Which Leads To More Biological Productivity And Algae Blooms. The Lake
Thus Becomes Eutrophic.
• A Young Lake Or A Newly Formed Lake Has Low Nutrient Content And Has
Low Plant Productivity.
• With Passage Of Time Such Lakes Acquires Nutrients From Surface Runoff
From Agricultural Fields, Domestic Sewage Etc Which Ultimately Increases
Aquatic Growth. In This Way The Oligotrophic Water Bodies Turns Into
Mesotrophic Water Body.
52
54. EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION
• Increase in plant growth
• Decrease in DO and high BOD
• Increase in turbidity and sedimentation
• Algal booms releases toxic chemicals which is harmful for
aquatic lives
• Decreases aesthetic importance
• Health related problems
54
57. CONTROLLING EUTROPHICATION
• If The Supplies Of Carbon, Nitrogen And Phosphorous
Nutrients Are Restricted , Growth Will Reduced.
• Reduction in the discharge of agricultural runoff and
domestic waste in pond or lake.
• Use Of Phosphorous In Detergents Can Be Restricted.
• Removal Of Algae Blooms By Dredging
• Applying Algaecides Like Copper Sulphates ,Chlorine Etc
On Water Bodies
57
58. • Reducing the use of nitrate containing fertilizers.
• Soil erosion control
• Physical, chemical or biological methods can be adopted to
remove dissolved nutrients from water
58
60. MARINE Pollution can be
Defined as
“The introduction of substances to the marine
environment directly or indirectly by humans,
resulting in the adverse effects such as hazards to
human health, obstruction of marine activities and
lowering the quality of water.”
60
61. • Sediments
• Agricultural runoff (herbicides, pesticides and
nutrients)
• Energy (thermal and light)
• Sewage
• Chemicals, Metals and Radioactive Substances
• Oil
61
Types of marine pollutants
62. • Direct discharge of waste into sea
• Oil exploration
• Transportation of oil by water routes
• Dredging of estuaries
• Ship accidents
• Leakage of oil
• Agricultural runoff
• Storm water containing petroleum and oil
62
Sources or Causes of marine po
63. • Disposal of organic matter into sea cause
phytoplankton blooms
• Oil spill adversely affect the marine species
• Reduce the market value of sea food
• Drilling eliminates the benthic fauna
63
Effects of marine pollution
64. • Sewage should be given complete treatment
before discharging into sea
• Toxic pollutants should not be discharged
• Oil ballast should not be dumped
• Banning of toxic, hazardous waste
• Development activities on the coastal areas
should be minimized
• Run off from non point sources should be
prevented
• Drilling should not allow near economically
sensitive areas.
64
Control of marine pollution