Water is essential for life but can become polluted from various sources. Water pollution is defined as contamination from excess solid, liquid, or gaseous materials that harm aquatic organisms or impair water's uses. Sources include point sources like factory emissions and non-point sources like rain carrying pollutants from multiple areas. Common causes of water pollution are domestic, sewage, industrial, and agricultural waste; urban runoff; oil spills; and religious or animal waste. Effects include harm to aquatic life and humans, disruption of food chains, disease outbreaks, and damage to ecosystems and the economy. Prevention requires efforts from governments, industries, and individuals to properly dispose of waste, reduce pollution, and clean up contaminated areas.

1. 1
WATER POLLUTION

2. INTRODUCTION
 Water is a precious resource and without it life is
not possible on earth.
• Water is a transparent and colorless chemical
substance that is the main constituent of Earth's
streams, lakes, and oceans, and the fluids of most
living organisms.
• Its chemical formula is H2O, meaning that its
molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen
atoms.
• Water strictly refers to the liquid state of a
substance, but it often refers also to its solid
state (ice) or its gaseous state (steam or water
vapor).

4. Water Pollution
 Water pollution can be defined as
presence of solid, liquid or gaseous
contaminants in such concentration
that may alter the quality of water.
 Water pollution is defined as the
addition to water of an excess
material or heat that is harmful to the
living organism or which impairs the
beneficial use of water.

5. Sources of Water Pollution

6. • Point Source: Point refers to the pollutants that
belong to a single source.
• E: g Emissions from factories into the water.
Discharges from a sewage treatment plant, a factory.
• Non-Point : Non-Point on the other hand means
pollutants emitted from multiple sources.
E: g Contaminated water after rains that has
traveled through several regions may also be
considered as a Non point source of pollution.

7. Causes of Water Pollution

8. 1.DOMESTIC WASTE
2. SEWAGE WASTE
3. SOLID WASTE
4. INDUSTRIALWASTE
5. ACID RAIN
6. OIL INDUSTRY:
7. URBAN DEVELOPMENT:
8. AQUATIC PLANTS
9. RELIGIOUS MEANS
10. ANIMAL WASTE

9. 1. Domestic waste
Dumping of household waste into water. The
garbage produce by each household in the
form of paper, plastic, food etc if collected
and deposited in sea. These items 200 years to
decompose. When such items enters the sea
harm animals in the sea.

10. 2. Sewage waste
Sewage, or domestic/municipal wastewater, is a
type of wastewater that is produced by a
community of people. It consists mostly
of greywater (from sinks, bathtubs, showers,
dishwashers, and clothes
washers), blackwater (the water used to
flush toilets, combined with the human
waste that it flushes away);

11. 3. Solid waste
• Solid waste causes
• blockage in flow of
• water.
• It causes water as
• well as air
• pollution.
• Polythene is the
• main solid
• waste.

12. 4. Industrial waste
•Industrial waste containing paper
waste, rubber, metallic, aluminum waste
etc. is drawn directly into water which
pollutes water.

13. 5. ACID RAIN
• When acid rain falls down
and flows into the rivers
and ponds it affects the
aquatic ecosystem. It alters
the chemical composition
of the water, which is
actually harmful to the
aquatic ecosystem to
survive and causes water
pollution.

14. 6. Oil Industry: Oil spill pose a huge concern
as large amount of oil enters into the sea and
does not dissolve with water; there by opens
problem for local marine wildlife such as fish,
birds and sea otters. For e.g.: a ship carrying
large quantity of oil may spill oil if met with an
accident

15. • 7. Urban development:
Population has grown, so has
the demand for housing, food
and cloth. As more cities and
towns are developed, they have
resulted in increase use of
fertilizers to produce, increase
in construction activities,
inadequate sewer collection and
treatment, landfills as more
garbage is produced, increase in
chemicals.

16. 8. Aquatic Plants
•Water hyacinth, an aquatic plant causes
pollution in water.
•It is long leaved plant which grows faster in
water bodies and absorbs all essential
nutrients from water which is fetal for marine
organisms.
•It is also known as ‘Terror of Bengal’ due to its
abundance.

17. 9.Religious means
Religious activities like immersion of flour, oil, soap,
ash, detergents, floral offerings, and mass bathing are
also one of the important causes that affect the water
quality of a water body.

18. 10.Animal waste
• The waste produce by
animals is washed away
into the rivers when it
rains. It gets mixed up with
other harmful chemicals
and causes various water
borne diseases like cholera,
diarrhea, jaundice,
dysentery and typhoid

19. Water Pollution Effects

20. 1. Death of aquatic animals :
The main problem caused by water pollution is
that it kills life that depends on these water
bodies. Dead fish, crabs, birds, dolphins, and
many other animals often are found .

21. 2. Disruption of food-chains
Pollution disrupts the natural food chain as
well. Pollutants such as lead and cadmium are
eaten by tiny animals. Later, these animals are
consumed by fish and aquatic animals which is
then consumed by humans.

22. 3. Diseases: People can get diseases by
drinking water and eating seafood that
has been poisoned. In many poor nations,
there is always outbreak of cholera and
diseases as a result of poor drinking water
treatment from contaminated waters.

23. 4. Effect on Environment /Ecosystem:
Pungent Smell,discolourisation increased
temps, contamination; change the pH;
decreased oxygen; detergents that create a
mass of white foam in the river waters;
Enrichment of groundwater with salts,
nutrients from irrigated lands;
Eutrophication.

24. 5.Causes floods
Water pollution causes flooding due to the
accumulation of solid waste and soil erosion
in streams and rivers.

25. 6. Human Health
• Swimming in and drinking contaminated
water causes skin rashes and health
problems like cancer, reproductive
problems, typhoid fever and stomach
sickness in humans. Which is why it’s
very important to make sure that your
water is clean and safe to drink. E:g
sodium can cause cardiovascular
diseases, while mercury and lead cause
nervous disorders.

26. 7. Effects on Agriculture;-
Use of wastewater and polluted surface
and groundwater which contaminate
crops and transmit disease to consumers
and farm workers; Depositions of
deleterious chemicals in soil leading to
loss of soil fertility;

27. 8. Domestic effects;-
Toxic substances such as lead, mercury,
cadmium, and chromium or cyanide,
which may affect the use of the receiving
water for domestic use or for aquatic
life.

28. 9.Economy
• Improvement of water quality- Removal
of organic matter through aerobic
decomposition; chlorination to remove
bacteria and suspended solids;
precipitation of salts, desalination, etc.
during water treatment is expensive for
polluted water

29. Prevention of Water
Pollution

30. Dealing with water pollution is
something that everyone
(including governments and
local councils) needs to get
involved with.

31. 1. Never throw garbage in the water .
Always look for the correct waste bin.
If there is none around, please take it
home and put it in your trash can.

32. 2. Use water wisely. Do not keep the tap
running when not in use. Also, reduce the
amount of water you use in washing and
bathing. We can prevent water shortages and
reduce the amount of dirty water that needs
treatment.

33. 3.Do not throw chemicals, oils, paints and
medicines down the sink, toilet, water bodies. In
many cities, your local environment office can
help with the disposal such elements. Go with
the proper disposal methods.

34. 4. Buy more environmentally safe cleaning
liquids for use at home and other public
places. They are less dangerous to the
environment.

35. 5. If you use chemicals and pesticides
for your gardens and farms, do not
overuse pesticides and fertilizers. Start
looking at options of composting and
using organic manure instead.

36. 6. If you live close to a water body, try to
plant lots of trees and flowers around your
home, so that when it rains, chemicals
from your home does not easily drain into
the water.

37. 7. Liquid Waste Treatment Wastewater
(liquid waste) goes down the drain and into
a pipe, which joins a larger pipe under the
roads. The larger pipe also joins a major
pipe that leads to the treatment center.

38. 8. Participate in cleaning activities
As we say so shall we do…
Charity begins at home.
SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN

39. 9. Join programs devoted to prevention
of pollution.

40. 10. Spread awareness.