Desalination, the process of removing salts from seawater.
To overcome the water scarcity different desalination processes are used over the word.Some the most common methods are described in it.
Prepared by:
- Esraa Hussein 14104622
- Ayman Mohamed 14105247
What is desalination?
Why desalination?
Types of desalination.
Steps of desalination.
Desalination in Saudi Arabia.
Problems.
Research and development.
Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.
Prepared by:
- Esraa Hussein 14104622
- Ayman Mohamed 14105247
What is desalination?
Why desalination?
Types of desalination.
Steps of desalination.
Desalination in Saudi Arabia.
Problems.
Research and development.
Today Desalination is a common process that's used in seaside cities and towns worldwide. There are more than 15,000 desalination plants around the world providing fresh water from salt and brackish water alike. Increased water conservation and efficiency remain the most cost effective priorities in areas of the world when there is a large potential to improve the efficiency of water use practices.
Desalination can be defined as any process that removes salts from water. Desalination processes may be used in municipal, industrial, or commercial applications. With improvements in technology. Today there are two main types of desalination technologies – membrane (RO) and thermal (MED, MVC and MSF) desalination.
A project topic for First years Engineering students in Chemistry and environmental studies. It is suggested to perform the stated experiment separately and let me know if you have any problems! Hope it helps!
With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
Sludge dewatering is a prior process to manage the sludge. The dewatering requires to decrease the volume of sludge for easy handling. It has two methods: Conventional and advance.
this presentation gives you a quick glimpse of Sludge Dewatering process and method.
Desalination can be defined as any process that removes salts from water. Desalination processes may be used in municipal, industrial, or commercial applications. With improvements in technology. Today there are two main types of desalination technologies – membrane (RO) and thermal (MED, MVC and MSF) desalination.
A project topic for First years Engineering students in Chemistry and environmental studies. It is suggested to perform the stated experiment separately and let me know if you have any problems! Hope it helps!
With rising crude prices and depleting quality of crude, however, the level of wastewater pollutants in petroleum wastewater is at new high. Such conditions are forcing refineries to use a more advanced water treatment, water recovery methods, and robust processes that work well under a variety of conditions and can handle the changing refinery effluent flow rates. Finally a process that is economical in overall life time cost is needed to make all of this feasible. Aquatech has experience working with these refinery effluent pollutants in the refinery market and offers the advanced petroleum wastewater treatment and recovery technology necessary for the refinery’s needs.
Sludge dewatering is a prior process to manage the sludge. The dewatering requires to decrease the volume of sludge for easy handling. It has two methods: Conventional and advance.
this presentation gives you a quick glimpse of Sludge Dewatering process and method.
Desalination Approach of Seawater and Brackish Water by Coconut Shell Activat...ijtsrd
"Engineers are challenged to develop cost effective ways to produce large quantities of water suitable for drinking, crop irrigation and commercial use for regions of the world that suffer from water shortages. Water desalination is expensive, requiring large amounts of energy and specialized equipment to convert saltwater into drinking water. The present study aims to develop a cheaper, cleaner, easy and more energy efficient way of desalinating seawater technique by using natural filters, it can help the common people as it affordable during their immediate requirements. The developed technique seemed to be very effective in reducing the concentration of seawater ions. The desalination system is developed by selecting coconut shell charcoal as the substrate material. As per the results obtained from prototype of seawater and brackish water, there is 60 reduction in chloride and 75 reduction in sodium this is mainly due to the usage of activated carbon charcoal as the filter media. It is also observed through experiments that there is 100 reduction in iron,53 reduction in sulphate, 20 reduction in total dissolved solids and 12 reduction in hardness which clearly indicates that the selected filter medias those are activated carbon charcoal, sand, laterite would be used as the filter medias for future experiments on desalination using natural filters.This work is to present an overview of current and future technologies applied to the desalination of brackish as well as seawater to produce freshwater for supplementing drinking water supplies to the common people in smaller quantity. Removal efficiency increases with the increase in contact time respectively, for both seawater and brackish water, which was considered to be maximum purification ~40 . Jayaprakash M C | Poorvi Shetty | Raju Aedla | D V Reddy ""Desalination Approach of Seawater and Brackish Water by Coconut Shell Activated Carbon as a Natural Filter Method"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19123.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/water-resource-engineering/19123/desalination-approach-of-seawater-and-brackish-water-by-coconut-shell-activated-carbon-as-a-natural-filter-method/jayaprakash-m-c"
Study of desalination processes of seawater from the desalination plant of La...IJRTEMJOURNAL
The use of water for food purposes requires excellent physicochemical quality. To contribute to
the control of water quality. Water treated by reverse osmosis is aggressive and demineralize can not be used
directly as a source of drinking water. The objective of this work is to study, physics-chemical analyzes of raw
water, pretreated osmosis and treated (permeate) and produced water (reservoir) at the desalination plant of
seawater Laayoune (SDL), located in southern Morocco. For this, we have followed several qualitative
parameters such as pH, conductivity, turbidity
Study of desalination processes of seawater from the desalination plant of La...journal ijrtem
: The use of water for food purposes requires excellent physicochemical quality. To contribute to
the control of water quality. Water treated by reverse osmosis is aggressive and demineralize can not be used
directly as a source of drinking water. The objective of this work is to study, physics-chemical analyzes of raw
water, pretreated osmosis and treated (permeate) and produced water (reservoir) at the desalination plant of
seawater Laayoune (SDL), located in southern Morocco. For this, we have followed several qualitative
parameters such as pH, conductivity, turbidity.
Aral sea case for water and green growthGWP CACENA
Presentation at the Workshop on Water and Green Growth in Asia and the Pacific, which was conducted by the UN ESCAP in collaboration with K-Water on 23 - 25 February 2015 at the United Nations Conference Centre, Bangkok, Thailand.
The subject consists of two processes,one is Desalination and next is reverse osmosis process. These process remove dissolved salts from water, thus provides fresh water from seawater or brackish water that is big challenge now a days.
Here I'm discussing about ABS , why we use it, its components and working and how ECU control the vehicle with collaboration of Modulation unit , Hydraulic unit , pumps , master cylinder and wheel speed sensor. Comparison between Non ABS and ABS vehicle. Pros and corns of system using some visual clips.
IRFAN_UL_QURAN (The 4th & Secure & Last One)Adnan Aslam
The Quran 02:42
“Do not mix Truth with falsehood, nor knowingly conceal the Truth.”(Surah al-Baqarah)
Try to read and seek the Truth.........Allah is Greatest & Hazrat Muhammad (P.B.U.H ) is the last Prophet of Allah.(Its my strong Believe) ........... Read it even a Single Word,it will gives you the light of Emaan.....& pray for my parents......
Atkinson Engines Invented in 1882 by British engineer James Atkinson. in this try to cover the brief history, its comparison with otto cycle operated engines . & some little-bit its modern models.
Glass Industry(Visit to Gunj Glass Pvt.Ltd)Adnan Aslam
This is my personal experience of visit to Gunj Glass Pvt.Ltd. I explain how the table-ware and sheet products are manufactured & which kind of processes and raw materials are required for this.
This article about "Child Labour" give the basic statics in different provinces of Pakistan. it give the following informations......
@ comparison between Rural and Urban statics
@ Forms of child labour
@ Major Causes
and their solutions....
Verification of 2nd Condition of Equilibrium Adnan Aslam
Its about the practical approach how we can prove second condition of equilibrium and consist of the manufacturing of two lever apparatus. I discuss some real life examples where 2nd condition of equilibrium is apply..... i-e Seesaw , construction crane ..... etc
It's my project presentation about second condition of equilibrium .... second condition of equilibrium is proved by using "Two Arm Lever Apparatus"
It tells about the application of second condition of equilibrium.
In this presentation , i'm discussing about the modern means of transportation i-e Communication cars , smart card technology , dedicated short range technology (DSRC) , transport pods and visionary planes ...... & i'm sure it will enhance your knowledge.....
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
4. 71% of the Earth’s surface
is covered by water.
97.5% of that water is
oceans.
Only 1% is available for
drinking.
80 countries suffered from
water scarcity by the mid-
1990s.
6. Small quantities are not harmful, but it is counterproductive
(it just makes you more thirsty!)
Eventually, it can be dangerous, ultimately producing fatal
seizures, heart arrhythmias and kidney failure
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner
Water, water, everywhere
And all the boards did shrink
Water, water, everywhere
Nor any drop to drink
7. 2 gallons of seawater = 1
gallon of high quality
drinking water
Pre-treatment and RO
removes contaminants,
including mercury and
other contaminants in
the Bay
MMWD will use “dual
pass” RO
8.
9. Forward osmosis utilizes the osmotic process , a
substance moving from an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration.
It generally requires about half of the cost of
reverse osmosis.
10.
11. Electro dialysis
Electro dialysis reversal utilizes a membrane, like
that in reverse osmosis.
It sends an electric charge through the solution to
draw metal ions to the positive plate on one side,
and other ions (like salt) to the negative plate on
the other
12.
13. Thermal Desalination
Thermal desalination is a method of cleaning
water that can occur through many different
processes.
In this process we heat the water solution and
gathers the pure water when the vapors cools and
condensation occurs.
14.
15. o Desalinated water is an important contributor to alleviate
water shortage.
o Today’s world contracted capacity of desalinated plants is
80.2 million m3/day and commissioned capacity 74.6
million m3/day.
o 632 new plants were added last year (mid 2011 to August
2012) in the world
16. Total Installed Desalination Capacity by Region,
Worldwide
Middle East
53.40%
Central America,
South America,
& Australia;
2.80%
Africa
6.20%
Asia,
10.60%
Europe
10.10%
North America,
17.00%
17. Desalination in Middle East
4.4% of the world’s population inhabit the Middle
East(AQUASTAT 2005)
it only receives 1.1% of the global renewable water
resources.
70% of the world’s desalination plants are located in
the Middle East
Saudi Arabia alone is producing 20% of the world’s
desalinated water.
19. ”DHA Desalination and Power Plant”
It is the first project of its kind in Pakistan which desalinates water
from the Arabian Sea for human consumption as well as provides
Electrical Power to the KESC grid.
Manora Water Desalination plant(Karachi):
• Capacity:
200,000 to 250,000 gallons of water per day for Navy.
20. The Pakistan Water and Power Development Authority
(WAPDA) has installed 12 desalination plants along Manchar
lake for providing potable water to the populace residing in the
areas adjacent to the lake.
The water treatment plants have cumulative design capacity of
15000 liters per hour. Over 4,000 families of fishermen folk
(about 32,000 to 40,000 persons) are being facilitated with high
quality potable water.
21. A desalination plant was installed in 1987 in SaindakCopperMinesin Balochistan.
It uses the brackish water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) process.
Another desalination plant was installed in 1995 and commissioned in 1996 at the HUBCOpower
stationoutside Karachi. This plant uses Reheat type Multi-effect distillation (MED) desalination.
KANUPP near Karachi operates a Sea Water Reverse Osmosis (SWRO) desalination plant to
meet its operating requirements.
Brackish water (less commonly brack water) is salt water and fresh water mixed together. It is saltier than fresh water, but not as salty as seawater. It may result from mixing of seawater with fresh water.
Scarcity of fresh water has serious implications.
It can slow or stop economic expansion, reduce agricultural output, hamper food independence, and degrade public health and quality of life.
Water, water, every where, Nor any drop to drink.
—Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, part II, stanza 9