Solid waste different types of waste

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RV College of
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DEPARTMENT OF INFORMATION SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
Solid Waste Management and Statutory Rules (18G7H05) - 7th Semester BE
Sources and Types of Waste
Phase-1
Academic Year – 2022-23
Carried out by:
Sushmitha S (1RV20IS404)
Prof. Lokeshwari M

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RV College of
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CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Definition of Waste
3.Waste generation
4.Industrial waste
5.Municipal waste
6.Medical waste
7.Agricultural waste
8.E-Waste
9.Conclusion
10.Reference

3. The Volume and Types of solid and hazardous waste increase all over
the world due to rapid economic growth, urbanization and
industrialization.
Wastes can be generated from various sources. This includes trash or
garbage from households, schools, offices, marketplaces,
restaurants and other public places. Everyday items like food debris,
used plastic bags, soda cans and plastic water bottles, broken furniture,
broken home appliances, clothing, etc.
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INTRODUCTION

4. What is waste?
● Waste and wastes are unwanted or unusable materials.
● Waste is any substance which is discarded after primary
use, or it is worthless, defective and of no use.
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5. How waste is Generated?
● Wastes are generated from variety of sources viz ,household
,commercial establishments, industrial processes, agricultural
practices and from others.
● Waste is generated in small , medium and large cities and towns
are about 0.1kg,0.3-0.4kg,and0.5kg per day respectively.
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6. Sources and Types of waste :
● Industrial Waste
● Commercial waste
● Domestic Waste
● Agricultural Waste
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8. Industrial Waste:
● Industrial waste is the waste produced by industrial activity which
includes any material that is rendered useless during a manufacturing
process such as that of factories, mills, and mining operations.
● Some examples of industrial wastes are chemical solvents, paints,
sandpaper, paper products, industrial by-products, metals, and
radioactive wastes
● Industrial wastes containing toxic pollutants require specialized
treatment systems.
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9. Industrial waste includes:
● Manufacturing
● Mining
● Coal combustion
● Oil and gas production
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10. Mining:
● The soil and rock which is removed to gain access to buried ore,
and the material (water, solids, and gases) left behind after the ore
has been processed to remove the valuable commodities, are
considered to be waste materials.
● However, the difference in mineral content between ore and waste
rock can change depending on market conditions and available
extraction technology, and there are a number of cases where
material that was once considered waste has become a resource for
modern mining operations.
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11. Coil Combustion:
● Combustion is a rapid chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen.
When combustible elements of fuel combine with O2, heat energy
comes out.
● During combustion combustible elements like Carbon, Sulfur,
Hydrogen etc combine with oxygen and produce respective oxides.
● The source of oxygen in fuel combustion is air. By volume there is 21
% of Oxygen presents in air and by weight it is 23.2 %.
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12. Oil And Gas Production:
● Production is the operation that brings hydrocarbons to the surface and
prepares them for processing.
● Production begins after the well is drilled. The mixture of oil, gas and
water from the well is separated on the surface.
● The water is disposed of and the oil and gas are treated, measured, and
tested. Production operations include bringing the oil and gas to the
surface, maintaining production, and purifying, measuring, and testing.
● The industry is usually divided into three major components: upstream,
midstream and downstream
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13. Municipal waste:
● MSW is defined as any waste generated by household, commercial
and/or institutional activities and is not hazardous
● Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage
disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately.
● Depending upon the source, MSW is categorized into two types:
Residential or household waste which arises from domestic areas from
Industrial Houses.
● commercial wastes and/or institutional wastes which arise from
individually larger sources of MSW like hotels, office buildings, schools,
etc.;
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14. Agriculture Waste:
● Agricultural Waste is unwanted or unsalable materials produced wholly from
agricultural operations directly related to the growing of crops or raising of
animals for the primary purpose of making a profit or for a livelihood. Some
examples of agricultural waste include: Grape Vines. Fruit Bearing Trees.
Vegetables
● It includes manure and other wastes from farms, poultry houses and
slaughterhouses; harvest waste; fertilizer run- off from fields; pesticides that
enter into water, air or soils; and salt and silt drained from fields.
● Agricultural residues such as straw, winery waste or manure can be recovered
and converted into fertiliser, energy, materials and molecules offering both
economic and environmental benefits.
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15. Bio-Medical Waste:
● Biomedical waste (BMW) is any waste produced during the
diagnosis, treatment, or immunization of human or animal
research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or testing of
biological or in health camps.
● any waste which consists wholly or partly of human or animal
tissue, blood, other body fluids, excretion, drugs or other
pharmaceutical products, swabs or dressings, or syringes, needles or
other sharp instruments, being waste which unless rendered safe may
prove hazardous to any person coming into contact with it
● It decreases the dangers and risks to the communities which can be at
risks due to hospitals. 15

16. E-Waste:
● An informal e-waste recycling sector employs thousands of households in urban areas to
collect, sort, repair, refurbish, and dismantle disused electrical and electronic products.
● The EPA has stated that e-waste is dangerous when improperly disposed of. Electronic devices
are comprised of toxic substances and heavy metals. Materials such as chromium, cadmium,
mercury and lead can leach into the soil contaminating the air and waterways.
● There are also problems with toxic materials leaching into the environment. These practices
can expose workers to high levels of contaminants such as lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic,
which can lead to irreversible health effects, including cancers, miscarriages, neurological
damage and diminished IQs
● It prevents toxic hazards. Recycling can safely process e-waste to remove mercury and other
dangerous materials, preventing them from reaching landfill and contaminating the earth.
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17. CONCLUSION:
● A continuing rise in the rate of waste production is no longer
acceptable – hazardous waste affects the health of millions of people
and poisons large areas of our planet.
● In many places people live surrounded by garbage and landfills.
● It is essential that governments and corporations face up to waste,
using what we know about reduction, recycling and reuse, but also
developing new technologies that eliminate waste.
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18. REFERENCES:
● Environmental science: Dr.S.C Santra
● Environmental management:Kahn D and Grass.D
● www.Google.com
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