Waste is unwanted or useless materials that are disposed of. Waste comes in solid, liquid, and gaseous forms from various sources like households, commerce, industry, and human activities. The Basel Convention aims to reduce hazardous waste movements between nations and ensure environmentally sound waste management. Improper waste management can negatively impact human health through chemical poisoning, disease, and increased cancer and birth defect risks. It can also affect animals through higher mercury levels in fish and damage the environment.
Waste can have negative impacts on human health, the environment, and climate if not managed properly. The document defines different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste. It discusses waste management concepts like the waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle. Exposure to waste can occur through ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact and can increase risks of diseases. Improper waste disposal into water bodies or direct dumping can negatively affect plants, animals and coastal/marine environments. The document emphasizes the importance of proper waste treatment and disposal methods like resource recovery, composting, and energy recovery to mitigate impacts.
Domestic waste is waste produced from household activities that is disposed of through regular trash collection. It includes everyday discarded items. Hazardous domestic waste contains dangerous materials like solvents, paints, pesticides, batteries, and electronics. Improper handling and disposal of hazardous waste can pollute the environment and harm human health through toxic gas release or groundwater contamination. The effects of untreated hazardous domestic waste include nervous system issues from mercury vapour inhalation and possible home explosions from methane build-up near landfills. Responsible waste management is important with the earth's resources already over-burdened.
This document provides a history of waste management practices and discusses various methods for dealing with municipal solid waste and hazardous waste. It describes how waste was initially dumped untreated into land or waterways (the "dilute and disperse" method). Later, sanitary landfills were developed that involved compacting and covering trash with soil. However, landfills have limitations and can pollute nearby areas. The document then outlines various integrated waste management strategies like reducing, reusing, recycling, composting, and incineration. It also discusses challenges with disposal of hazardous waste and major hazardous waste sites like Love Canal.
This document discusses waste management. It defines waste and outlines various regulations related to waste management in India. It describes different types of waste including hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Various methods of waste disposal and their impacts on health and environment are explained. International conventions addressing waste are also summarized. The waste management hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is presented. Various waste treatment technologies like incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and bio-methanation are defined. The document concludes with recommendations for reducing waste, reusing materials, donating excess goods, and educating employees on proper waste management practices.
ppt includes what is waste ?, basel convention, definition, kinds of waste, classification of waste, sources of waste, impact of waste, waste herarchy, graphs, catagories of waste disposal, impacts of waste on health, impact of waste on environment
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND CONTAMINATION DUE TO WASTE DISPOSAL AND AGRO-INDUSTRIESSANDEEP PATRE
Human Settlement, Settlements can broadly be divided into two types – rural and urban. Contamination, Sources of Wastes, Classification of Wastes . Impacts of Waste Accumulation, Water Contamination via Improper Wastes
The document discusses solid waste pollution and control. It defines solid waste as useless or unwanted materials discarded from human and animal activities, including garbage, rubbish, ashes, and construction waste. Improper handling and disposal of solid waste can harm human health and the environment through contaminated crops, water, and air pollution. The document also describes different types of solid wastes and their sources, as well as techniques for solid waste management, which involves collection, processing, and disposal of waste while promoting reduction, reuse, and recycling.
This document discusses land disposal systems for solid waste management. It covers the classification, composition, and sources of different types of solid waste materials like garbage, rubbish, ashes, etc. It discusses the objectives of solid waste management like timely removal and environmentally responsible disposal. The key aspects of planning an effective solid waste management system include collection, transport, processing, and disposal methods. Collection decisions include storage systems, containers, and frequency. Environmental considerations for disposal include vectors, pollution, and landfill gases.
Waste can have negative impacts on human health, the environment, and climate if not managed properly. The document defines different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste. It discusses waste management concepts like the waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse, recycle. Exposure to waste can occur through ingestion, inhalation, dermal contact and can increase risks of diseases. Improper waste disposal into water bodies or direct dumping can negatively affect plants, animals and coastal/marine environments. The document emphasizes the importance of proper waste treatment and disposal methods like resource recovery, composting, and energy recovery to mitigate impacts.
Domestic waste is waste produced from household activities that is disposed of through regular trash collection. It includes everyday discarded items. Hazardous domestic waste contains dangerous materials like solvents, paints, pesticides, batteries, and electronics. Improper handling and disposal of hazardous waste can pollute the environment and harm human health through toxic gas release or groundwater contamination. The effects of untreated hazardous domestic waste include nervous system issues from mercury vapour inhalation and possible home explosions from methane build-up near landfills. Responsible waste management is important with the earth's resources already over-burdened.
This document provides a history of waste management practices and discusses various methods for dealing with municipal solid waste and hazardous waste. It describes how waste was initially dumped untreated into land or waterways (the "dilute and disperse" method). Later, sanitary landfills were developed that involved compacting and covering trash with soil. However, landfills have limitations and can pollute nearby areas. The document then outlines various integrated waste management strategies like reducing, reusing, recycling, composting, and incineration. It also discusses challenges with disposal of hazardous waste and major hazardous waste sites like Love Canal.
This document discusses waste management. It defines waste and outlines various regulations related to waste management in India. It describes different types of waste including hazardous and non-hazardous waste. Various methods of waste disposal and their impacts on health and environment are explained. International conventions addressing waste are also summarized. The waste management hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is presented. Various waste treatment technologies like incineration, pyrolysis, gasification and bio-methanation are defined. The document concludes with recommendations for reducing waste, reusing materials, donating excess goods, and educating employees on proper waste management practices.
ppt includes what is waste ?, basel convention, definition, kinds of waste, classification of waste, sources of waste, impact of waste, waste herarchy, graphs, catagories of waste disposal, impacts of waste on health, impact of waste on environment
HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND CONTAMINATION DUE TO WASTE DISPOSAL AND AGRO-INDUSTRIESSANDEEP PATRE
Human Settlement, Settlements can broadly be divided into two types – rural and urban. Contamination, Sources of Wastes, Classification of Wastes . Impacts of Waste Accumulation, Water Contamination via Improper Wastes
The document discusses solid waste pollution and control. It defines solid waste as useless or unwanted materials discarded from human and animal activities, including garbage, rubbish, ashes, and construction waste. Improper handling and disposal of solid waste can harm human health and the environment through contaminated crops, water, and air pollution. The document also describes different types of solid wastes and their sources, as well as techniques for solid waste management, which involves collection, processing, and disposal of waste while promoting reduction, reuse, and recycling.
This document discusses land disposal systems for solid waste management. It covers the classification, composition, and sources of different types of solid waste materials like garbage, rubbish, ashes, etc. It discusses the objectives of solid waste management like timely removal and environmentally responsible disposal. The key aspects of planning an effective solid waste management system include collection, transport, processing, and disposal methods. Collection decisions include storage systems, containers, and frequency. Environmental considerations for disposal include vectors, pollution, and landfill gases.
Solid waste refers to the range of garbage arising from animal and human activities that are discarded as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is generated from industrial, residential and commercial activities. Wastes create deterioration of the environment through pollution and damages. One of the most important solutions to this problems is to produce less waste. A number of different techniques can be used to reduce the production of wastes. Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash.
This document provides an overview of waste management. It begins with definitions of waste and discusses the history of waste disposal from ancient times to the present. It describes the different types of waste including solid waste, sewage, and sullage. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, and disposal are outlined including dumping, controlled tipping, incineration, composting, and others. The Bangalore and mechanical methods of composting are explained in detail.
Health Aspects Related to Waste Management DisposalMafie Falcon
This document discusses different types of waste and waste management strategies. It defines waste and describes municipal, hazardous, agricultural, and other forms of waste. It then explains common waste management approaches like recycling, composting, incineration, landfilling, and their environmental and health impacts. Specific pollutants from landfilling and incineration are identified that can cause issues like cancer, respiratory illness, and birth defects. The need for regulatory legislation to safely manage waste is also mentioned.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various types such as household, industrial, and biomedical waste. The composition of municipal solid waste is provided, with most being organic waste. Health risks of improper waste management are outlined. Methods of waste treatment and disposal discussed include composting, open dumps, landfills, and incineration. A survey of dump sites in Gaza provides size and waste quantities. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater if not properly managed.
Pollution comes in various forms including water, air, and soil pollution. Water pollution stems from effluent discharge from factories and sewage, posing health risks like cholera. Air pollution in Pakistan causes over 22,000 deaths annually from traffic and industrial emissions. Soil pollution arises from agriculture, mining, and nuclear waste. Mitigation strategies address specific pollutants and aim to strengthen regulations, incentives, and waste management.
The document discusses proper waste disposal procedures and methods. It defines waste disposal and management. It describes the types of solid wastes and how waste output depends on factors like diet, lifestyle and urbanization. Improper waste disposal can negatively impact health through fly breeding, rodent attraction, and water/soil pollution. Common waste disposal methods include dumping, controlled tipping, incineration, composting, manure pits and burial. Factors like public education and financing are important for effective waste management.
This document discusses waste management, particularly biomedical waste. It begins by defining waste and providing a brief history of waste management. It then outlines various authorities and regulations involved in waste management. It classifies different types of industries and wastes, including domestic, construction, industrial, infectious, and hazardous wastes. The document primarily focuses on proper procedures for handling, segregating, storing, and disposing of biomedical waste to prevent health risks, with a focus on following color-coded systems and treating different categories of waste appropriately. It emphasizes the importance of social responsibility in properly disposing of waste.
Municipal solid waste contains a wide variety of materials from both domestic and commercial sources. As India's urban population grows, the amount of municipal solid waste generated is projected to increase dramatically. Effective management of municipal solid waste involves reducing, recycling, composting, landfilling, and converting waste to energy. Current waste management practices in most Indian cities are unsustainable and will need to incorporate more stakeholder participation going forward.
Waste comes from many sources and can be categorized in different ways. Solid wastes include materials like plastics, metals, and paper from domestic, commercial, and industrial sources. Liquid wastes result from processes like washing and manufacturing. Wastes can also be categorized as biodegradable or non-biodegradable as well as hazardous or non-hazardous based on their properties and effects. Large amounts of waste are generated worldwide every year. If not managed properly, waste can negatively impact human health, the environment, and climate by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Actions need to be taken to reduce, reuse, donate, prevent, and properly dispose of waste through sustainable practices like composting, recycling, and improved
This document provides an introduction to solid waste management, including definitions, common issues, and factors to consider. It discusses the complexity of solid waste management and risks of improper management, such as health impacts. Local conditions like waste composition and infrastructure access affect management approaches. Private sector involvement and special waste streams like healthcare and hazardous materials require careful planning, monitoring, and regulation.
this ppt is about solid waste management . it is simply based on environmental science . waste handling and recycling and abstracting matter from waste . analysis of data and graphs of solid waste management.
Solid waste pollution and its impact on environmentjayanta thokdar
In various developmental stages human beings produce domestic wastes. Nature readily accept these wastes into natural cycle- animal consume food residue, some incorporated into the soil etc. After industrial revolution- in urban areas population density increases, new sources of wastes generated ( shops, institutions, factories). Yesterday's newspaper is waste to a reader in today.
Humans have brought Earth close to a biotic crisis by damaging the environment through various issues at the global, national, and local levels. These environmental problems have socio-economic and cultural impacts. The key issues include global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, desertification, and waste disposal. While some environmental changes occurred naturally in the past, humans now have the potential to disrupt the entire global ecosystem if environmental damage is not addressed.
This document discusses solid waste management and disposal methods. It outlines that as consumerism increased following WWII, so did municipal solid waste production. Traditional waste disposal methods like dumping and burning are no longer acceptable. Current primary disposal methods are landfilling and incineration, but both raise environmental concerns. Source reduction through less consumption and packaging is presented as the most effective approach. Recycling is growing but faces economic challenges if markets don't exist for recycled materials. Overall waste prevention through reduced consumption is identified as the most fundamental solution.
Domestic solid waste management and its environmental impacts in Addis Ababa ...Premier Publishers
Domestic solid waste is becoming a threat to Addis Ababa city’s environment, as only 65% of the waste produced per day is collected and disposed, 5% is recycled, 5% is composted and the remaining 25% is uncollected and dumped in unauthorized areas. Since domestic waste dominate the municipality’s waste category, its management and associated environmental impacts is worthy of attention. This review aimed to examine the composition and impacts of domestic solid waste and evaluate the existing waste management practices through field visit, discussion and review of literature. The solid waste generation rate of the city is about 0.45 kg/capita/day. Waste collectors participate in the waste management by receiving service charge from residential areas equaling 20% of the cost of their water consumption. The city is still dependent on ‘Reppi/Koshe’ dumping site that receives over 750 tons of solid waste per day. Inadequate domestic solid waste management creates a range of environmental problems. Although the management strategy of the city is improving still it couldn’t address the demand side. Segregation, treatment, proper disposal, policy and law enforcement and capacity building are potential areas of improvement through research interventions.
Chapter 22 Ecology Lesson 3 - Water pollution_Conservationj3di79
Sewage and inorganic waste pollute water sources in several ways:
1) Untreated sewage releases bacteria that use up oxygen in water, killing other organisms and potentially spreading disease.
2) Dumping of inorganic wastes like mercury poisoned people through Minamata disease and pollutes waterways.
3) Pesticides and insecticides used in agriculture accumulate up food chains and can poison top predators over time due to bioaccumulation.
This presentation about the generation of garbage and the environmental issues in the purview of Sri Lankan Legal System as well as international Level.
The document discusses the impacts of solid waste management on people, planet, and profit. It describes how improper waste management can negatively impact the surrounding environment and residents' health by emitting odors and pollutants. Direct dumping of waste can contaminate water sources and spread diseases. The increasing amounts of solid waste generated are also an environmental issue, as most waste ends up in poorly managed landfills and dumpsites that pollute soil and groundwater. Effective waste management is important for sustainability and improving quality of life.
Based on the mode of action, the major food preservation techniques can be categorized as: (1) slowing down or inhibiting chemical deterioration and microbial growth, (2) directly inactivating bacteria, yeasts, molds, or enzymes, and (3) avoiding recontamination before and after processing.
Waste can have negative impacts on human health, the environment, and climate if not managed properly. The document defines different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste. It also discusses waste classification based on properties, effects, and origin. Sources of waste are listed as households, commerce, industry and others. The magnitude of the waste problem in India is explained. Impacts of improper waste management discussed are effects on health, socio-economics, coastal areas, and climate change. The waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is also mentioned.
The document defines different types of waste and provides examples. It discusses solid waste, liquid waste, and other categories such as hazardous, non-hazardous, municipal, and e-waste. It also covers the impacts of waste if not managed properly, including effects on health, the environment and climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions from waste decomposition are a contributor to global warming. The waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is also mentioned as an approach to sustainable waste management.
What is Waste Management, types of waste management system.pdfaqibjaved773097
What are Wastes?
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk, litter, and ort) is unwanted or useless materials. In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea and sweat.
Solid waste refers to the range of garbage arising from animal and human activities that are discarded as unwanted and useless. Solid waste is generated from industrial, residential and commercial activities. Wastes create deterioration of the environment through pollution and damages. One of the most important solutions to this problems is to produce less waste. A number of different techniques can be used to reduce the production of wastes. Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes. It also offers solutions for recycling items that do not belong to garbage or trash.
This document provides an overview of waste management. It begins with definitions of waste and discusses the history of waste disposal from ancient times to the present. It describes the different types of waste including solid waste, sewage, and sullage. Methods of solid waste storage, collection, and disposal are outlined including dumping, controlled tipping, incineration, composting, and others. The Bangalore and mechanical methods of composting are explained in detail.
Health Aspects Related to Waste Management DisposalMafie Falcon
This document discusses different types of waste and waste management strategies. It defines waste and describes municipal, hazardous, agricultural, and other forms of waste. It then explains common waste management approaches like recycling, composting, incineration, landfilling, and their environmental and health impacts. Specific pollutants from landfilling and incineration are identified that can cause issues like cancer, respiratory illness, and birth defects. The need for regulatory legislation to safely manage waste is also mentioned.
This document discusses solid waste management. It defines solid waste and describes its various types such as household, industrial, and biomedical waste. The composition of municipal solid waste is provided, with most being organic waste. Health risks of improper waste management are outlined. Methods of waste treatment and disposal discussed include composting, open dumps, landfills, and incineration. A survey of dump sites in Gaza provides size and waste quantities. Leachate from landfills can contaminate groundwater if not properly managed.
Pollution comes in various forms including water, air, and soil pollution. Water pollution stems from effluent discharge from factories and sewage, posing health risks like cholera. Air pollution in Pakistan causes over 22,000 deaths annually from traffic and industrial emissions. Soil pollution arises from agriculture, mining, and nuclear waste. Mitigation strategies address specific pollutants and aim to strengthen regulations, incentives, and waste management.
The document discusses proper waste disposal procedures and methods. It defines waste disposal and management. It describes the types of solid wastes and how waste output depends on factors like diet, lifestyle and urbanization. Improper waste disposal can negatively impact health through fly breeding, rodent attraction, and water/soil pollution. Common waste disposal methods include dumping, controlled tipping, incineration, composting, manure pits and burial. Factors like public education and financing are important for effective waste management.
This document discusses waste management, particularly biomedical waste. It begins by defining waste and providing a brief history of waste management. It then outlines various authorities and regulations involved in waste management. It classifies different types of industries and wastes, including domestic, construction, industrial, infectious, and hazardous wastes. The document primarily focuses on proper procedures for handling, segregating, storing, and disposing of biomedical waste to prevent health risks, with a focus on following color-coded systems and treating different categories of waste appropriately. It emphasizes the importance of social responsibility in properly disposing of waste.
Municipal solid waste contains a wide variety of materials from both domestic and commercial sources. As India's urban population grows, the amount of municipal solid waste generated is projected to increase dramatically. Effective management of municipal solid waste involves reducing, recycling, composting, landfilling, and converting waste to energy. Current waste management practices in most Indian cities are unsustainable and will need to incorporate more stakeholder participation going forward.
Waste comes from many sources and can be categorized in different ways. Solid wastes include materials like plastics, metals, and paper from domestic, commercial, and industrial sources. Liquid wastes result from processes like washing and manufacturing. Wastes can also be categorized as biodegradable or non-biodegradable as well as hazardous or non-hazardous based on their properties and effects. Large amounts of waste are generated worldwide every year. If not managed properly, waste can negatively impact human health, the environment, and climate by increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Actions need to be taken to reduce, reuse, donate, prevent, and properly dispose of waste through sustainable practices like composting, recycling, and improved
This document provides an introduction to solid waste management, including definitions, common issues, and factors to consider. It discusses the complexity of solid waste management and risks of improper management, such as health impacts. Local conditions like waste composition and infrastructure access affect management approaches. Private sector involvement and special waste streams like healthcare and hazardous materials require careful planning, monitoring, and regulation.
this ppt is about solid waste management . it is simply based on environmental science . waste handling and recycling and abstracting matter from waste . analysis of data and graphs of solid waste management.
Solid waste pollution and its impact on environmentjayanta thokdar
In various developmental stages human beings produce domestic wastes. Nature readily accept these wastes into natural cycle- animal consume food residue, some incorporated into the soil etc. After industrial revolution- in urban areas population density increases, new sources of wastes generated ( shops, institutions, factories). Yesterday's newspaper is waste to a reader in today.
Humans have brought Earth close to a biotic crisis by damaging the environment through various issues at the global, national, and local levels. These environmental problems have socio-economic and cultural impacts. The key issues include global warming, ozone layer depletion, acid rain, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, pollution, desertification, and waste disposal. While some environmental changes occurred naturally in the past, humans now have the potential to disrupt the entire global ecosystem if environmental damage is not addressed.
This document discusses solid waste management and disposal methods. It outlines that as consumerism increased following WWII, so did municipal solid waste production. Traditional waste disposal methods like dumping and burning are no longer acceptable. Current primary disposal methods are landfilling and incineration, but both raise environmental concerns. Source reduction through less consumption and packaging is presented as the most effective approach. Recycling is growing but faces economic challenges if markets don't exist for recycled materials. Overall waste prevention through reduced consumption is identified as the most fundamental solution.
Domestic solid waste management and its environmental impacts in Addis Ababa ...Premier Publishers
Domestic solid waste is becoming a threat to Addis Ababa city’s environment, as only 65% of the waste produced per day is collected and disposed, 5% is recycled, 5% is composted and the remaining 25% is uncollected and dumped in unauthorized areas. Since domestic waste dominate the municipality’s waste category, its management and associated environmental impacts is worthy of attention. This review aimed to examine the composition and impacts of domestic solid waste and evaluate the existing waste management practices through field visit, discussion and review of literature. The solid waste generation rate of the city is about 0.45 kg/capita/day. Waste collectors participate in the waste management by receiving service charge from residential areas equaling 20% of the cost of their water consumption. The city is still dependent on ‘Reppi/Koshe’ dumping site that receives over 750 tons of solid waste per day. Inadequate domestic solid waste management creates a range of environmental problems. Although the management strategy of the city is improving still it couldn’t address the demand side. Segregation, treatment, proper disposal, policy and law enforcement and capacity building are potential areas of improvement through research interventions.
Chapter 22 Ecology Lesson 3 - Water pollution_Conservationj3di79
Sewage and inorganic waste pollute water sources in several ways:
1) Untreated sewage releases bacteria that use up oxygen in water, killing other organisms and potentially spreading disease.
2) Dumping of inorganic wastes like mercury poisoned people through Minamata disease and pollutes waterways.
3) Pesticides and insecticides used in agriculture accumulate up food chains and can poison top predators over time due to bioaccumulation.
This presentation about the generation of garbage and the environmental issues in the purview of Sri Lankan Legal System as well as international Level.
The document discusses the impacts of solid waste management on people, planet, and profit. It describes how improper waste management can negatively impact the surrounding environment and residents' health by emitting odors and pollutants. Direct dumping of waste can contaminate water sources and spread diseases. The increasing amounts of solid waste generated are also an environmental issue, as most waste ends up in poorly managed landfills and dumpsites that pollute soil and groundwater. Effective waste management is important for sustainability and improving quality of life.
Based on the mode of action, the major food preservation techniques can be categorized as: (1) slowing down or inhibiting chemical deterioration and microbial growth, (2) directly inactivating bacteria, yeasts, molds, or enzymes, and (3) avoiding recontamination before and after processing.
Waste can have negative impacts on human health, the environment, and climate if not managed properly. The document defines different types of waste such as solid, liquid, hazardous, and non-hazardous waste. It also discusses waste classification based on properties, effects, and origin. Sources of waste are listed as households, commerce, industry and others. The magnitude of the waste problem in India is explained. Impacts of improper waste management discussed are effects on health, socio-economics, coastal areas, and climate change. The waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is also mentioned.
The document defines different types of waste and provides examples. It discusses solid waste, liquid waste, and other categories such as hazardous, non-hazardous, municipal, and e-waste. It also covers the impacts of waste if not managed properly, including effects on health, the environment and climate change. Greenhouse gas emissions from waste decomposition are a contributor to global warming. The waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is also mentioned as an approach to sustainable waste management.
What is Waste Management, types of waste management system.pdfaqibjaved773097
What are Wastes?
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk, litter, and ort) is unwanted or useless materials. In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea and sweat.
This certificate certifies that Vivek Jain completed a school project on "Waste Management" in the 2016-17 year. The principal confirms that the project was Vivek's original work completed with guidance. Vivek thanks his school for the opportunity to present. The document then outlines different types of waste, effects of waste, and methods for waste disposal and recycling. It concludes by discussing the need for improved waste management policies in India.
Dr. Sami Lakkis - Impact of Untreated Urban and Industrial Solid WasteHudhaib Al-Allatti
The document discusses the impacts of untreated urban and industrial solid waste on the environment. It provides an overview of solid waste management practices around the world, including reduction, recycling, reuse, and various waste processing methods like landfilling, incineration, and recovery. Improper disposal of hazardous wastes and lack of proper regulation are highlighted as major issues, posing risks to human health and the environment through water and soil contamination and emissions of toxic and long-lasting pollutants.
Solid waste comes from various sources like households, businesses, industries, agriculture, hospitals, and hotels. It is classified based on its properties as biodegradable or non-biodegradable. Improper management of solid waste impacts society, climate, environment and health. The key laws around solid waste management in the Philippines are the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 and the Local Government Code. Common methods of disposal include landfilling, incineration, composting, recycling, and emerging options like plasma gasification. Each method has advantages and disadvantages related to cost, environmental impact, and energy usage.
The document discusses different types of waste and waste management technologies. It defines solid waste and municipal solid waste. It then describes various waste treatment technologies like incineration, gasification, and plasma gasification that convert waste into energy. These thermal processes break down waste using high temperatures to produce syngas, ash, and heat energy that can be used for electricity generation and other applications. The technologies allow for waste treatment while also recovering resources and energy from waste.
Industrial pollution is a major cause of environmental degradation and comes from waste generated by industrial activities. The document discusses various types of industrial pollution like air, water, soil, and noise pollution. It provides examples of wastes produced from different industries like dyes, fertilizers, oil refineries, etc. and the pollution they cause. Methods to control industrial pollution include proper waste treatment and management as well as stringent government regulations.
Waste management involves the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials. The main goal is to conserve resources that are being depleted due to rising population and consumption. The document discusses India's municipal solid waste management challenges including the amounts and types of waste generated, health impacts, and management processes like collection, segregation, recycling, composting, and landfilling. It provides statistics on the amounts of waste generated and processed in India as well as the projected increases in waste if no action is taken.
Pollution refers to the introduction of harmful substances into the environment that cause damage. There are several types of pollution including air, water, soil, noise, thermal, radioactive, and solid waste pollution. Each type has different causes such as industries, vehicles, waste dumping, and farming practices. The effects include harm to human health, plants, and animals as well as environmental damage. Various control measures can be taken to reduce pollution like regulations, waste treatment, alternative energy sources, and education. Individual actions also contribute to pollution problems or solutions.
Water pollution is the contamination of water bodies by harmful substances. The document discusses various sources and causes of water pollution including point sources like pipes discharging sewage, and non-point sources like runoff from agricultural lands. It also describes common indicators of water pollution and different types of pollutants like industrial waste, agricultural chemicals, and domestic sewage. The document then discusses various water treatment methods including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments. It provides case studies on pollution in the Ganges River in India and Minamata disease caused by mercury poisoning in Japan.
This document discusses various types of environmental pollution including definitions, causes, effects, and measures to address different types of pollution. It covers air, water, noise, light, soil pollution as well as general pollution statistics. For each type of pollution, the document defines it, discusses sources and pollutants, effects on health and environment, and methods to control and prevent further pollution. Overall, the document provides a broad overview of different kinds of environmental pollution and approaches to tackle this global issue.
Solid waste disposal and mangrove destructionsana sana
This document discusses solid waste and mangroves. It defines different types of solid waste and their impacts. It also describes mangroves' ecological functions in protecting coastlines and supporting fisheries. The causes of mangrove destruction include activities like aquaculture, infrastructure development, and harvesting. Losing these ecosystems puts coastal communities at risk by reducing regulatory services and increasing vulnerability to storms.
The document discusses various topics related to solid, toxic, and hazardous waste management including: the types of waste (domestic, industrial, etc.); current disposal methods like open dumping, ocean dumping, landfilling, and incineration; ways to reduce waste through reuse, reduce, and recycling; hazardous and toxic wastes and the regulations that govern their disposal like RCRA and CERCLA; and challenges like contaminated brownfield sites and long-term storage of hazardous materials.
This presentation was presented in 'The Lahore Project' Monthly Discussion Forum on Environment, introducing the scope of the sector, key concepts, issues and strategies for a sustainable urban ecology by Rafia Kamal, on 21st Aug.2013 at Dabistan-e-Iqbal, (2-S, Gulberg II) Lahore.
This document discusses different types of solid waste and technologies for waste-to-energy conversion. It defines solid waste and categorizes it as municipal solid waste, hazardous waste, medical waste, and e-waste. It then describes various waste-to-energy technologies like incineration, gasification, pyrolysis, anaerobic digestion, and fermentation that can convert solid waste into energy sources like electricity, biogas, or liquid fuels. The technologies are compared in terms of their processes, energy outputs, advantages, and challenges.
This document defines various types of wastes and provides classifications. It discusses solid wastes, liquid wastes, hazardous wastes, and other categories. Universal wastes and e-wastes are defined. The impacts of improper waste management on health, environment and climate are outlined. The waste hierarchy of reduce, reuse and recycle is presented as the optimal approach. Employee education and various waste diversion strategies like donating, exchanging and reducing are recommended actions.
This document discusses various topics related to solid waste management including definitions of municipal solid waste and hazardous waste. It describes the characteristics and sources of solid waste and different methods of waste treatment including the 3R's approach of reduce, reuse and recycle. Specific case studies on solid waste management challenges for the Yamuna River in Delhi and the Chernobyl nuclear disaster are also summarized.
Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful effects on various forms of life or property.
Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the organisms
Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may be called as the pollutant.
WATER POLLUTION
AIR POLLUTION
LAND and SOIL POLLUTION
MARIN POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
THERMAL POLLUTION
NUCLEAR HAZARDS
Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it unsuitable for its designated use.
Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to many uses. It is used for drinking, domestic and municipal uses, agricultural, irrigation, industries, navigation, recreation. The used water becomes contaminated and is called waste water.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Recycling and Disposal on SWM Raymond Einyu pptxRayLetai1
Increasing urbanization, rural–urban migration, rising standards of living, and rapid development associated with population growth have resulted in increased solid waste generation by industrial, domestic and other activities in Nairobi City. It has been noted in other contexts too that increasing population, changing consumption patterns, economic development, changing income, urbanization and industrialization all contribute to the increased generation of waste.
With the increasing urban population in Kenya, which is estimated to be growing at a rate higher than that of the country’s general population, waste generation and management is already a major challenge. The industrialization and urbanization process in the country, dominated by one major city – Nairobi, which has around four times the population of the next largest urban centre (Mombasa) – has witnessed an exponential increase in the generation of solid waste. It is projected that by 2030, about 50 per cent of the Kenyan population will be urban.
Aim:
A healthy, safe, secure and sustainable solid waste management system fit for a world – class city.
Improve and protect the public health of Nairobi residents and visitors.
Ecological health, diversity and productivity and maximize resource recovery through the participatory approach.
Goals:
Build awareness and capacity for source separation as essential components of sustainable waste management.
Build new environmentally sound infrastructure and systems for safe disposal of residual waste and replacing current dumpsites which should be commissioned.
Current solid waste management situation:
The status.
Solid waste generation rate is at 2240 tones / day
collection efficiently is at about 50%.
Actors i.e. city authorities, CBO’s , private firms and self-disposal
Current SWM Situation in Nairobi City:
Solid waste generation – collection – dumping
Good Practices:
• Separation – recycling – marketing.
• Open dumpsite dandora dump site through public education on source separation of waste, of which the situation can be reversed.
• Nairobi is one of the C40 cities in this respect , various actors in the solid waste management space have adopted a variety of technologies to reduce short lived climate pollutants including source separation , recycling , marketing of the recycled products.
• Through the network, it should expect to benefit from expertise of the different actors in the network in terms of applicable technologies and practices in reducing the short-lived climate pollutants.
Good practices:
Despite the dismal collection of solid waste in Nairobi city, there are practices and activities of informal actors (CBOs, CBO-SACCOs and yard shop operators) and other formal industrial actors on solid waste collection, recycling and waste reduction.
Practices and activities of these actor groups are viewed as innovations with the potential to change the way solid waste is handled.
CHALLENGES:
• Resource Allocation.
Optimizing Post Remediation Groundwater Performance with Enhanced Microbiolog...Joshua Orris
Results of geophysics and pneumatic injection pilot tests during 2003 – 2007 yielded significant positive results for injection delivery design and contaminant mass treatment, resulting in permanent shut-down of an existing groundwater Pump & Treat system.
Accessible source areas were subsequently removed (2011) by soil excavation and treated with the placement of Emulsified Vegetable Oil EVO and zero-valent iron ZVI to accelerate treatment of impacted groundwater in overburden and weathered fractured bedrock. Post pilot test and post remediation groundwater monitoring has included analyses of CVOCs, organic fatty acids, dissolved gases and QuantArray® -Chlor to quantify key microorganisms (e.g., Dehalococcoides, Dehalobacter, etc.) and functional genes (e.g., vinyl chloride reductase, methane monooxygenase, etc.) to assess potential for reductive dechlorination and aerobic cometabolism of CVOCs.
In 2022, the first commercial application of MetaArray™ was performed at the site. MetaArray™ utilizes statistical analysis, such as principal component analysis and multivariate analysis to provide evidence that reductive dechlorination is active or even that it is slowing. This creates actionable data allowing users to save money by making important site management decisions earlier.
The results of the MetaArray™ analysis’ support vector machine (SVM) identified groundwater monitoring wells with a 80% confidence that were characterized as either Limited for Reductive Decholorination or had a High Reductive Reduction Dechlorination potential. The results of MetaArray™ will be used to further optimize the site’s post remediation monitoring program for monitored natural attenuation.
Kinetic studies on malachite green dye adsorption from aqueous solutions by A...Open Access Research Paper
Water polluted by dyestuffs compounds is a global threat to health and the environment; accordingly, we prepared a green novel sorbent chemical and Physical system from an algae, chitosan and chitosan nanoparticle and impregnated with algae with chitosan nanocomposite for the sorption of Malachite green dye from water. The algae with chitosan nanocomposite by a simple method and used as a recyclable and effective adsorbent for the removal of malachite green dye from aqueous solutions. Algae, chitosan, chitosan nanoparticle and algae with chitosan nanocomposite were characterized using different physicochemical methods. The functional groups and chemical compounds found in algae, chitosan, chitosan algae, chitosan nanoparticle, and chitosan nanoparticle with algae were identified using FTIR, SEM, and TGADTA/DTG techniques. The optimal adsorption conditions, different dosages, pH and Temperature the amount of algae with chitosan nanocomposite were determined. At optimized conditions and the batch equilibrium studies more than 99% of the dye was removed. The adsorption process data matched well kinetics showed that the reaction order for dye varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Furthermore, the maximum adsorption capacity of the algae with chitosan nanocomposite toward malachite green dye reached as high as 15.5mg/g, respectively. Finally, multiple times reusing of algae with chitosan nanocomposite and removing dye from a real wastewater has made it a promising and attractive option for further practical applications.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
2. What are Wastes?
Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk, litter,
and ort) is unwanted or useless materials. In biology, waste is
any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are
expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea
and sweat.
Basel Convention Definition of Wastes
“substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended
to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the
provisions of the law”
Disposal means
“any operation which may lead to resource recovery,
recycling, reclamation, direct re-use or alternative uses
(Annex IVB of the Basel convention)”
3. Basel Convention
• The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of
Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal, usually known simply as Basel
Convention, is an international treaty that was designed to reduce the
movements of hazardous waste between nations, specially to prevent
transfer of hazardous waste from developed to less developed countries
(LDCs). It does not, however, address the movement of radioactive waste.
The convention is also intended to minimize the amount and toxicity of
wastes generated, to ensure their environmentally sound management as
closely as possible to the source of generation, and to assist LDCs in
environmentally sound management of the hazardous and other wastes
they generate.
• The Convention was opened for signature on 22nd
March 1989, and
entered into force on 5 May 1992.
4. The definition…………
• Produced by the United Nations Statistics Division (U.N.S.D.):
"Wastes are materials that are not prime products (that is
products produced for the market) for which the generator
has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of
production, transformation or consumption, and of which
he/she wants to dispose. Wastes may be generated during
the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw
materials into intermediate and final products, the
consumption of final products, and other human activities.
Residuals recycled or reused at the place of generation are
excluded."
5. Kinds of Wastes
Solid wastes: wastes in solid forms, domestic, commercial and
industrial wastes
Examples: plastics, styrofoam containers, bottles,
cans, papers, scrap iron, and other trash
Liquid Wastes: wastes in liquid form
Examples: domestic washings, chemicals, oils, waste
water from ponds, manufacturing industries
and other sources
6. According to EPA regulations, SOLID WASTE is
• Any garbage or refuse (Municipal Solid Waste)
• Sludge from a wastewater treatment plant, water
supply treatment plant, or air pollution control
facility
• Other discarded material
• Solid, liquid, semi-solid, or contained gaseous
material from industrial, commercial, mining, and
agricultural operations, and from community
activities
http://www.epa.gov/epaoswer/osw/basifact.htm#solidwaste
7. Classification of Wastes according to
their Properties
Bio-degradable
can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and
others)
Non-biodegradable
cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles, old
machines,cans, styrofoam containers and
others)
8. Classification of Wastes according to
their Effects on Human Health and the
Environment
• Hazardous wastes
• Substances unsafe to use commercially,
industrially, agriculturally, or economically and
have any of the following properties-
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity & toxicity.
• Non-hazardous
• Substances safe to use commercially,
industrially, agriculturally, or economically and
do not have any of those properties mentioned
above. These substances usually create disposal
problems.
9. Classification of wastes according to their origin
and type
• Municipal Solid wastes: Solid wastes that include household garbage, rubbish,
construction & demolition debris, sanitation residues, packaging materials, trade
refuges etc. are managed by any municipality.
• Bio-medical wastes: Solid or liquid wastes including containers, intermediate or
end products generated during diagnosis, treatment & research activities of
medical sciences.
• Industrial wastes: Liquid and solid wastes that are generated by manufacturing &
processing units of various industries like chemical, petroleum, coal, metal gas,
sanitary & paper etc.
• Agricultural wastes: Wastes generated from farming activities. These substances
are mostly biodegradable.
• Fishery wastes: Wastes generated due to fishery activities. These are extensively
found in coastal & estuarine areas.
• Radioactive wastes: Waste containing radioactive materials. Usually these are
byproducts of nuclear processes. Sometimes industries that are not directly
involved in nuclear activities, may also produce some radioactive wastes, e.g.
radio-isotopes, chemical sludge etc.
• E-wastes: Electronic wastes generated from any modern establishments. They
may be described as discarded electrical or electronic devices. Some electronic
scrap components, such as CRTs, may contain contaminants such as Pb, Cd, Be or
brominated flame retardants.
11. MAGNITUDE OF PROBLEM: Indian scenario
- Per capita waste generation increasing by 1.3% per annum
- With urban population increasing between 3 – 3.5% per
annum
- Yearly increase in waste generation is around 5% annually
- India produces more than 42.0 million tons of municipal
solid waste annually.
- Per capita generation of waste varies from 200 gm to 600 gm
per capita / day. Average generation rate at 0.4 kg per
capita per day in 0.1 million plus towns.
12. IMPACTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY
•Affects our health
•Affects our socio-economic conditions
•Affects our coastal and marine environment
•Affects our climate
•GHGs are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human
activities, causing global mean surface air temperature and
subsurface ocean temperature to rise.
•Rising global temperatures are expected to raise sea levels and change
precipitation and other local climate conditions.
•Changing regional climates could alter forests, crop yields, and water
supplies.
•This could also affect human health, animals, and many types of
ecosystems.
•Deserts might expand into existing rangelands, and features of some of
our national parks might be permanently altered.
13. IMPACTS OF WASTE…
- Some countries are expected to become warmer,
although sulfates might limit warming in some areas.
- Scientists are unable to determine which parts of those
countries will become wetter or drier, but there is likely
to be an overall trend toward increased precipitation and
evaporation, more intense rainstorms, and drier soils.
- Whether rainfall increases or decreases cannot be
reliably projected for specific areas.
14. Impacts of waste….
• Activities that have altered the chemical composition of the
atmosphere:
- Buildup of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), and
nitrous oxide (N20).
- C02 is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, wood
and wood products, and solid waste.
- CH4 is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills, the
raising of livestock, and the production and transport of coal, natural
gas, and oil.
- N02is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as
during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels. In 1977, the US
emitted about one-fifth of total global GHGs.
15. SOURCES OF HUMAN EXPOSURES
Exposures occurs through
• Ingestion of contaminated water or food
• Contact with disease vectors
• Inhalation
• Dermal
16. Points of contact
• Soil adsorption, storage and biodegrading
• Plant uptake
• Ventilation
• Runoff
• Leaching
• Insects, birds, rats, flies and animals
• Direct dumping of untreated waste in seas,
rivers and lakes results in the plants and
animals that feed on it
19. “By recycling almost 8 million tons of metals (which includes aluminum, steel,
and mixed metals), we eliminated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions totaling
more than 26 million metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent (MMTCO2E). This
is equivalent to removing more than 5 million cars from the road for one year.”
20. CATEGORIES OF WASTE DISPOSAL
1. DILUTE AND
DISPERSE
(ATTENUATION)
Throw it in the river /
lake / sea
Burn it
Basically this involves spreading trash thinly
over a large area to minimize its impact
Works for sewage, some waste chemicals,
when land-disposal is not available
Plastic in Pacific
23. Impacts of waste on health
Chemical poisoning through chemical inhalation
Uncollected waste can obstruct the storm water
runoff resulting in flood
Low birth weight
Cancer
Congenital malformations
Neurological disease
24. Impacts of waste on health
• Nausea and vomiting
• Increase in hospitalization of diabetic
residents living near hazard waste sites.
• Mercury toxicity from eating fish with high
levels of mercury.
Goorah, S., Esmyot, M., Boojhawon, R. (2009). The Health Impact of Nonhazardous Solid Waste Disposal in a
Community: The case of the Mare Chicose Landfill in Mauritius. Journal of Environment Health, 72(1) 48-
54
Kouznetsova, M., Hauang, X., Ma, J., Lessner, L. & Carpenter, D. (2007). Increased Rate of Hospitalization for
Diabetes and Residential Proximity of Hazardous waste Sites. Environmental Health Perspectives,
115(1)75-75
Barlaz, M., Kaplan, P., Ranjithan, S. & Rynk, R. (2003) Evaluating Environmental Impacts of solid Waste
Management Alternatives. BioCycle, 52-56.
25. Effects of waste on animals and
aquatics life
• Increase in mercury level in fish due to
disposal of mercury in the rivers.
• Plastic found in oceans ingested by birds.
• Resulted in high algal population in rivers and
sea.
• Degrades water and soil quality.
26. Impacts of waste on Environment
• Waste breaks down in landfills to form
methane, a potent greenhouse gas
• Change in climate and destruction of ozone
layer due to waste biodegradable
• Littering, due to waste pollutions, illegal
dumping, Leaching: is a process by which solid
waste enter soil and ground water and
contaminating them.
• U.S. Environment Protection Agency (2009)
27. It is estimated that food wasted by the US and Europe
could feed the world three times over. Food waste
contributes to excess consumption of freshwater and
fossil fuels which, along with methane and CO2
emissions from decomposing food, impacts global climate
change. Every tonne of food waste prevented has the
potential to save 4.2 tonnes of CO2 equivalent. If we all
stop wasting food that could have been eaten, the CO2
impact would be the equivalent of taking one in four cars
off the road.
28. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
• Reduce Waste
- Reduce office paper waste by implementing a formal policy to duplex all
draft reports and by making training manuals and personnel information
available electronically.
- Improve product design to use less materials.
- Redesign packaging to eliminate excess material while maintaining
strength.
- Work with customers to design and implement a packaging return
program.
- Switch to reusable transport containers.
- Purchase products in bulk.
29. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Reuse
- Reuse corrugated moving boxes internally.
- Reuse office furniture and supplies, such as interoffice
envelopes, file folders, and paper.
- Use durable towels, tablecloths, napkins, dishes, cups, and
glasses.
- Use incoming packaging materials for outgoing shipments.
- Encourage employees to reuse office materials rather than
purchase new ones.
30. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Donate/Exchange
- old books
- old clothes
- old computers
- excess building materials
- old equipment to local organizations
31. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Employee Education
- Develop an “office recycling procedures” packet.
- Send out recycling reminders to all employees including
environmental articles.
- Train employees on recycling practices prior to
implementing recycling programs.
- Conduct an ongoing training process as new
technologies are introduced and new employees join the
institution.
32. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Employee Education
- education campaign on waste management
that includes an extensive internal web site,
quarterly newsletters, daily bulletins,
promotional signs and helpful reference
labels within the campus of an institution.
33. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE
Conduct outreach program adopting an ecologically
sound waste management system which includes:
• waste reduction
• segregation at source
• composting
• recycling and re-use
• more efficient collection
• more environmentally sound disposal
34. Residents may be organized into small groups
to carry out the following:
1. construction of backyard compost pit
2. construction of storage bins where recyclable and reusable
materials are stored by each household
3. construction of storage centers where recyclable and reusable
materials collected by the street sweepers are stored prior to
selling to junk dealers
4. maintenance of cleanliness in yards and streets
5. greening of their respective areas
6. encouraging others to join
Editor's Notes
Numerous epidemiology studies have been conducted to evaluate whether the health of people living near hazardous waste disposal sites is being adversely affected(Moeller, 20050.