Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala m...Premier Publishers
The study evaluates municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala municipality of Cameroon at landfill level. Load count analysis was used for the systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within the landfill in space and time. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to draw conclusions. The results show that, on average, municipal solid waste composition in the municipality has been changing over time. On average 490194580 Kg of wastes are generated per month, giving a per capita generation rate of 0.54 ± 0.071 kg person-1month-1. While inert (7.4±0.8), metal (2.6 ± 0.8), glass (3.5% ± 1.3), and paper (14.5% ± 0.9) wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the dry season, plastic (16.1% ± 2.6), organic (49.8.3% ± 3.1) and special wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the rainy season. However, at α = 0.05, all waste categories resulted in P > α, with extreme critical values for the test statistic t, suggesting that waste composition do not significantly differ from season to season. Similar results were observed for the mean generation rates across the different districts.Forecasting generation rates could be important for proper planning of operations related to solid waste management.
Municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala m...Premier Publishers
The study evaluates municipal solid waste generation, composition, and management in the Douala municipality of Cameroon at landfill level. Load count analysis was used for the systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials within the landfill in space and time. Descriptive and inferential statistics methods were used to draw conclusions. The results show that, on average, municipal solid waste composition in the municipality has been changing over time. On average 490194580 Kg of wastes are generated per month, giving a per capita generation rate of 0.54 ± 0.071 kg person-1month-1. While inert (7.4±0.8), metal (2.6 ± 0.8), glass (3.5% ± 1.3), and paper (14.5% ± 0.9) wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the dry season, plastic (16.1% ± 2.6), organic (49.8.3% ± 3.1) and special wastes (2.0% ± 0.1) had higher proportions in the rainy season. However, at α = 0.05, all waste categories resulted in P > α, with extreme critical values for the test statistic t, suggesting that waste composition do not significantly differ from season to season. Similar results were observed for the mean generation rates across the different districts.Forecasting generation rates could be important for proper planning of operations related to solid waste management.
Municipal Solid Waste: Is it Garbage or Gold?ESD UNU-IAS
Municipal Solid Waste: Is it Garbage or Gold?
Presented by Ms. Vishanthini Kanasan and Ms. Thitichaya Boonsom
2018 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
12-16 November, 2018
Rapid industrialization, urbanization and rise in living standards of people is most commonly associated with the problem of environmental pollution. For developing countries, industrialization is a necessity and demands to build self-contained uplifting of nation’s economy. However, industrialization on the other hand has also caused serious problems relating to environmental pollution. Therefore, wastes seem to be a by-product of growth.
With increasing demand for raw materials for industrial production, the non-renewable resources are diminishing day-by-day. Therefore, efforts are to be made for controlling pollution by conversion of these unwanted wastes into functional raw materials for constructive use. Disposal of industrial solid waste is concomitant to lack of infrastructural facilities and negligence of industries to take proper safeguards. Studies show that the large and medium industries located in recognized industrial areas still have some arrangements to dispose solid waste.
Your community can play a role in preserving resources, reducing waste, and spreading the word about the importance of recycling. View our infographic about waste management solutions.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Municipal Solid Waste: Is it Garbage or Gold?ESD UNU-IAS
Municipal Solid Waste: Is it Garbage or Gold?
Presented by Ms. Vishanthini Kanasan and Ms. Thitichaya Boonsom
2018 ProSPER.Net Leadership Programme
12-16 November, 2018
Rapid industrialization, urbanization and rise in living standards of people is most commonly associated with the problem of environmental pollution. For developing countries, industrialization is a necessity and demands to build self-contained uplifting of nation’s economy. However, industrialization on the other hand has also caused serious problems relating to environmental pollution. Therefore, wastes seem to be a by-product of growth.
With increasing demand for raw materials for industrial production, the non-renewable resources are diminishing day-by-day. Therefore, efforts are to be made for controlling pollution by conversion of these unwanted wastes into functional raw materials for constructive use. Disposal of industrial solid waste is concomitant to lack of infrastructural facilities and negligence of industries to take proper safeguards. Studies show that the large and medium industries located in recognized industrial areas still have some arrangements to dispose solid waste.
Your community can play a role in preserving resources, reducing waste, and spreading the word about the importance of recycling. View our infographic about waste management solutions.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
E-waste management, also known as electronic waste management or WEEE (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment) management, refers to the processes and strategies implemented to handle, recycle, and dispose of electronic and electrical equipment that has reached the end of its useful life. This category of waste includes a wide range of devices and appliances powered by electricity, such as computers, smartphones, televisions, refrigerators, washing machines, and more. E-waste management is crucial due to the increasing volume of electronic waste generated globally and the environmental and health hazards associated with improper disposal.
Here's a detailed description of e-waste management:
Collection: The first step in e-waste management is the collection of discarded electronic equipment. This can be done through various channels, including dedicated e-waste collection centers, drop-off points, recycling events, and even through authorized electronic retailers who take back old devices.
Sorting and Segregation: Once collected, the e-waste is sorted into different categories based on the type of equipment and its potential for recycling or disposal. Items like batteries, printed circuit boards (PCBs), plastics, and precious metals are typically separated during this process.
Data Destruction: Before recycling or disposing of electronic devices, data security is a critical concern. Data stored on hard drives, memory cards, and other storage media must be securely wiped or destroyed to prevent sensitive information from falling into the wrong hands.
Recycling: Recycling is a key component of e-waste management. Components like metals (copper, aluminum, gold, etc.), plastics, and glass can often be extracted and reused. Recycling not only conserves resources but also reduces the energy and environmental impact associated with mining and manufacturing new materials.
Disposal: Some components of e-waste may not be recyclable or economically viable to recycle. In such cases, safe disposal methods are employed to prevent environmental contamination. Specialized disposal facilities, often designed to minimize environmental impact, handle the disposal of hazardous components.
Regulations and Compliance: Many countries have established regulations and guidelines for the proper management of e-waste. These regulations often dictate how manufacturers, retailers, and consumers should handle electronic waste, including recycling targets and reporting requirements.
A thorough presentation on Solid Waste Management. Divided in three parts: Overview - covers basic terms and definitions, Managing Solid Waste - discusses some of the treatment methods and finally SWM in India - presents some data and current scenario.
Waste management is an important part of any sustainable future. In this report we present our views on Sustainable Futures for India from a waste management perspective.
-- We research and present our findings on why waste management is becoming increasingly important for India.
-- Who are the stakeholders involved in waste management? What happens to our waste - lifecycle of our waste.
-- We explore global trends in waste management and present innovative uses of waste from around the world.
-- Finally, we come down to the biggest challenges that India faces in waste management.
-- We identify two key pressing issues and propose innovative solutions for the same.
Hp sustainable plastic_waste_management-new 28nov Dr RAKESH KAPOOR Rakesh Kapoor
,
plastic waste based roads
,
good economivcs
,
good environment
,
good roads
,
higher mrshall values
,
better contol over rutting
,
higher softning point
,
rag pickkers
,
low end plastic waste
,
<70microns used
,
earning for society
,
clean & green india
Organic waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal, managing and monitoring of organic waste materials. The term usually relates to materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment or aesthetics. Waste management is a distinct practice from resource recovery which focuses on delaying the rate of consumption of natural resources. All wastes materials, whether they are solid, liquid, gaseous or radioactive fall within the remit of waste management
Organic waste management practices can differ for developed and developing nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial producers. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the generator subject to local, national or international controls.
Waste can be regarded as a human concept as there appears to be no such thing as waste in nature. The waste products created by a natural process or organism quickly becomes the raw products used by other processes and organisms.
Recycling is predominant, therefore production and decomposition are well balanced and nutrient cycles continuously support the next cycles of production. This is the so-called circle of life and is a strategy clearly related to ensuring stability and sustainability in natural systems. On the other hand there are man-made systems which emphasize the economic value of materials and energy, and where production and consumption are the dominant economic activities. Such systems tend to be highly destructive of the environment as they require massive consumption of natural capital and energy, return the end product (waste) to the environment in a form that damages the environment and require more natural capital be consumed in order to feed the system. Where resources and space are finite (the Earth is not getting any bigger) this is ultimately not sustainable.
The presence of waste is an indication of overconsumption and that materials are not being used efficiently. This is carelessly reducing the Earths capacity to supply new raw materials in the future. The capacity of the natural environment to absorb and process these materials is also under stress. Valuable resources in the form of matter and energy are lost during waste disposal, requiring that a greater burden be placed on ecosystems to provide these. The main problem is the sheer volume of waste being produced and how we deal with it
Today we all are surrounded by huge pollution.They are ready to attack us all together in the form of Air-pollution,water-pollution,sound-pollution etc.Electronic wastes are one of them which are dominating our lives and livings.If it is ignored or under-estimated now then it will be too late for our future generations to get control over it.So we should come all together in a wrestling ring against these pollutions and kick them away from our environment and eco-system.
The growing population and their changing consumption patterns have made Solid Waste Management a serious environmental and social problem. This situation has further become complex as domestic waste, market waste, industrial waste, agricultural and hazardous waste and other types of waste including both degradable and non-degradable particles get mixed in the mainstream of the municipal solid waste. Failure to segregate waste at the source has created the need for alternate methods. Drum–Sieve segregator is one such alternative for segregation, which similar to conventional processes segregate the non-decomposable from the decomposed particles through a sieve. The Drum-Sieve segregator is an approach to provide the segregation at lower power requirements, unlike conventional processes which are bulky and require larger space and power for operation. The Drum-sieve segregator is aimed to be used in cities where space for huge plants for operation is scarce. And hence it is designed to be compact and efficient. Drum-Sieve segregator is primarily aimed for segregating plastic from Organic waste, which is the final separated product obtained that can used a natural fertilizers. Unlike traditional segregating systems, the proposed model is smaller, easy to maintain and absorbs less power. It is mobile, and eliminates the need for manual feeding and cleaning of impurities.
waste management of waste papers (Keywords: Recycling of waste papers, paper ...vasupatel100
I express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to Dr. Hiteshbhai A.
Patel sir, H.O.D of D.L Patel Institute of Management & Technology,
Himatnagar for the encouragement given to me to complete the project and for
the facilities provided to me throughout the project.
I am thankful to my guide and coordinator Prof. Bhargavi Suthar, for his
valuable guidance and kind cooperation right from the beginning of the project
report. I am thankful very much for her kind & constant encouragement and
guidance shown during the course of my project.
I express my gratitude to Mr. Manojkumar Dhirubhai Patel & Mr. Pritesh
Manilal Patel (Owner of Savino Papers LLP, Ahmedabad), for their
continuous support and encouragement throughout my project work.
Last but not the least, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the all workers
and employees of Savino Papers LLP.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
2. WHAT IS WASTE ?
Waste is something which is unwanted or
useless material.
3. WHAT IS “WASTE TO WEALTH” ?
“Waste to Wealth” means anything which is waste
converted into a useful thing by a special process
Polythene is
being widely
used nowdays
in India……
8. TYPES OF BINS
Green Bin – Biodegradable Waste
Blue Bin - Non-biodegradable
Waste
9. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN INDIA
• Government introduced web base integral
waste management app which helps the industries
to do proper management of hazardous waste.
• Composition of waste is a cost-effective way
practised in India since olden times.
•As per Rule 4 of the Municipal Solid Waste Rules,
2000, "every municipal authority is responsible for
infrastructure for segregation and processing of
municipal solid waste , commonly known as garbage
10. Solid Waste
Segregation at Source
Biodegradable Waste Non-biodegradable
Waste
Paper
Cloth/
Rags
} Recycle at village
level
Plastic
Glass
Metal
} To control
Recycling chain
through scrap
dealers
Domestic Level
Compost /
Vermicompost
Community level
12. TYPES OF BINS
Black Bin – Domestic Waste
Green Bin – Organic Waste
Blue Bin – Paper Waste
Yellow Bin – Lightweight
Packaging
13. • There was a “Dual system” which organises the
collection of waste packaging directly from private
households, the sorting of this waste into material groups,
and the recycling of this materials.
•Sewage sludge from local authorities sewage treatment
plants contains high levels of phosphorous by which 30%
of sewage sludge is currently used as a source material for
fertilisers.
16. TYPES OF BINS
Blue Bin – Paper waste
Red Bin – Plastic waste
Yellow Bin – Glass and Cans Waste
Green Bin – General Waste
17. METHODS AND TECHIQUES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT
IN SINGAPORE
• Most non-recyclable household waste is burnt to
generate electricity.
• Many types of plastic, paper, glass, metal are recycled in
Singapore.
•It has four waste-to-energy refuse incineration plants
and an offshore sanitary landfill for the disposal of non-
combustible waste
20. TYPES OF BIN
Blue Bin – Recyclable Waste
Green Bin – Organic Waste
Yellow Bin – Paper Waste
Red bin – Hazardous Waste
21. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN CHINA
•There are many anaerobic digesters which helps to
decompose organic waste and capture methane as a fuel
source is potentially a positive swift in the right
direction.
•They have planted wasted incineration power plant
which disposes 290,000 tones of household waste per
year
22. Waste
Reduction
Waste Reuse
Waste Recycling
Waste Recovery
(e.g. composting and digestion
Landfill Disposal and Incineration
* Landfilling is a basic requirement with or
without adoption of other option.
24. TYPES OF BINS
Green Bin – Paper
waste
Red Bin – Tetra Pak
Yellow Bin – Plastic
Blue Bin - Cans
Grey Bin - Glass
25. METHODS AND TECHNIQUES FOR WASTE
MANAGEMENT IN SOUTH AFRICA
In 2008 an assessment published by the E WASTE ASSOCIATION OF SOUTH
AFRICA(EWASA) noted concerning statistics on the state of E WASTE IN THE
COUNTRY. Less then 3 years later the country implemented a new law and a
technical strategy .
One of the most exciting developments has been the promulgation of the waste
at 59 of 20008 and notice gn718 of 3 July 2009. it is now illegal for individuals or
companies to throw away anything that constitutes of e waste.
Both government and section 2 companies such as the E WASTE ASSOCIATION
OF SOUTH AFRICA have developed guidelines to ensure safe and sustainable
recycling processes.
Public awareness programs are held to sensitize people.
NWNS i.e. NATIONAL WASTE MNAGEMENT STRATEGY IS STUCTURED around 8
main goals due to which now waste is being efficiently handled in south africa.
