This document discusses weather, climate, and adaptations. It defines weather as the current state of the atmosphere and lists its main components as temperature, humidity, cloudiness, precipitation, wind, and atmospheric pressure. It then defines climate as the average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time. The document outlines different climate zones including alpine, subtropical, tropical, and arid. It defines adaptations as traits that help animals survive in their environments, separating them into structural and behavioral categories. Examples of structural and behavioral adaptations are provided for polar bears, penguins, and red-eyed frogs and how they are suited to their polar or tropical habitats.

2. WE WILL LEARN ABOUT :-
1. WHAT IS WEATHER ?
2. COMPONENTS OF WEATHER
3. EXPLANATION ON COMPONENTS OF
WEATHER
4. WHAT IS CLIMATE ?
5. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT ZONES OF
CLIMATE ?
6. EXPLANATION ON DIFFERENT ZONES OF
CLIMATE

3. 1. WHAT IS ADAPTATION ?
2. TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS
3. WHAT IS BEHAVIOURAL ADAPTATION ?
4. EXAMPLE
5. WHAT IS STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION ?
6. EXAMPLE
7. ADAPTATION OF POLAR BEAR IN POLAR
REGION
8. ADAPTATION OF PENGUINS IN POLAR
REGION
9. ADAPTATION OF RED-EYED FROG IN
TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
10. FACTS
11. THANKING YOU

4. WHAT IS WEATHER ?
Weather is the state of the atmosphere, at a
particular time and place . There are some well
defined “terms”, or “elements”.

5. COMPONENTS OF WEATHER
1. Temperature
2. Humidity
3. Cloudiness
4. Precipitation
5. Wind
6. Atmospheric pressure

6. TEMPERATURE
Temperature is an indicator of the
‘degree of hotness or coldness’ of the air .
Temperature on the earth averages 15
C at sea level but varies according to
latitude, elevation , season , and time of
day . Temperature is generally highest in
the tropics and lowest near the poles .
On any given day, it is usually warmest
during mid-afternoon and coldest around
‘dawn’.

7. HUMIDITY
Humidity is a measure of the amount of water vapour in
the atmosphere . The most common measure of humidity is
the ‘relative humidity’. It equals the amount of water
vapour, actually present in the atmosphere, divided by the
atmosphere’s maximum water vapour holding capacity at
that temperature.

8. CLOUDINESS
Most clouds are produced due to cooling of air as it
rises up. When air temperature gets reduced, the excess
water vapour, in the air, condenses into liquid droplets,
or ice-crystals, to form clouds or fog. Fog refers to
clouds that almost touch the ground. In dense fog, the
visibility range may be around 50 m or so

9. PRECIPITATION
Precipitation is produced when droplets, and crystals,
in clouds grow large enough to fall on to the ground.
Precipitation takes a variety of forms, including rain,
drizzle, snow, hail, ice pellets, or sleet.

10. WIND
The horizontal movement of air is referred to as the
wind. In most places , near the ground, the wind
speed usually averages from 8 Km/hr to 24 Km/hr .
However , it can be very much higher during intense
storms.

11. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
It plays a vital role in all weather systems.
Atmospheric pressure is the force due to the weight
of the air, on a given surface, divided by the area of
that surface. Falling pressure usually indicates an
approaching storm; rising pressure usually
indicates clear skies.

12. WHAT IS CLIMATE ?
Climate is the average weather in a particular region
over a long period of time.

13. DIFFERENT ZONES OF CLIMATE
1. Alpine Zone
2. Sub-Tropical Zone
3. Tropical Zone
4. Arid Zone

14. ALPINE ZONE
This climate zone can be experienced at the high
altitudes of the Himalayas. In this zone, we have
snow throughout the year

15. SUB-TROPICAL ZONE
This zone is prevalent in most of the northern part
of India. Here, summers are hot and wet. In winter,
the temperature may drop down even close to the
freezing point of water in the regions of higher
ranges. Rainfall is quite common in summer seasons
whereas winters are usually cold and dry.

16. TROPICAL ZONE
It can be divided into two sub types: the Tropical
Wet and the Tropical Dry Monsoon zones. In the
Tropical Wet Monsoon zone , the average
temperature , normally does not fall below 18 C and
it is accompanied by average to high rainfall. In
Tropical Dry Monsoon zone , the rainfall is not so
common.

17. ARID ZONE
High temperature and low rainfall, are the two main
marked feature of this climatic zone. It is prevalent
in western part of the country and includes a large
part of Rajasthan. The temperature in this zone may
shoot up to as high as 50 C in summer.

18. WHAT IS ADAPTATION ?
Adaptation is a trait that makes an animal suited
to its environment.

19. TYPES OF ADAPTATIONS
•Structural Adaptation
•Behavioural Adaptation

20. WHAT IS STRUCTURAL ADAPTATION ?
Structural adaptations are physical features of an
organism like the bill on a bird or the fur on a bear.

21. EXAMPLE

22. WHAT IS BEHAVIOURALADAPTATION ?
Behavioural adaptations are the things organisms do to
survive. For example, bird calls and migration
are behavioural adaptations.

23. EXAMPLE

24. ADAPTATION OF
POLAR BEAR
IN POLAR REGION
1. Polar bear have white fur so that they are not visible in
the snowy white background.
2. The body temperature, of polar bears, which is normally
37 C, is maintained through a thick layer of fur, a tough
hide, and an insulating layer of blubber. This excellent
insulation keeps a polar bear warm even when air
temperature drop to -37 C.

25. 3. Polar bear can close its nostrils while swimming
under water.
4.A polar bear’s front paws propel it through water
for swimming.
5.The hind feet and legs are held flat and are used as
rudders.

26. ADAPTATION OF
PENGUINS
IN POLAR REGION
1. Penguins have feathers that are
extremely packed, with no gaps
between them. This gives them good
protection against cold.
2. Each feather has an extra part,
behind it, so that they can fluff their
feathers up. This keeps them warm
in cold off when the weather is
warm.

27. ADAPTATION OF
RED-EYED FROG
IN TROPICAL RAIN FOREST
1. The long limb, of these frogs,
are better suited for climbing
than swimming.
2. They have sucker pads in their
feet which enables them to stick
to various objects, they also
provide better traction on wet
leaves and branches.

28. • Scientists who study weather are called
meteorologists.
• Record of maximum temperature is 58 C
and minimum is -89 C.
• There are two types of climate :
1. Dry climate
2. Cold climate
• North pole and south pole known as frigid
zones.
DO YOU KNOW

29. • The Amazon jungle is the world’s largest tropical
rain forest.
• Africa holds the second largest rain forest.
• The tusks of elephant are the largest, and the
heaviest, teeth of any living animal.

30. Prepared By :
Rohan kumar Sahu
Class VII, A