In order to meet the worldwide demand for a clean environment, various national, regional, state, or local regulations or guidelines have been proposed and enforced. Incineration of solid wastes is usually considered to be the most effective in volume reduction of the solid waste, thereby reducing the burden of landfill. Incineration can remain a viable option when it ensures pollution minimization. Shareq Wajih | Purab Verma | Vivek Chauhan | Neeraj | Sahil Yadav "Waste Disposal through Portable Incinerator" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30881.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/environmental-engineering/30881/waste-disposal-through-portable-incinerator/shareq-wajih
Generation of Syngas using Anacardium Occidentaleijtsrd
The purpose of this project is to produce syngas from Anacardium occidentale shell which can be used in the piston engine of a short range helicopters like Mosquito XEL etc. which can be used for various applications like for agriculture fertilization and for local transport in an affordable price to the civilians. This anacardium occidentale is also known as cashew nut in most of the region. This project states the production of the syngas through downdraft gasification process as it is proven that it produces very less tar waste compared to other gasifiers. In this project, we will be also reusing the biomass char by converting it into an active catalyst which can be used for various applications like bio diesel production and in pyrolysis process to boost up the chemical reactions. This project also involves the waste management as we are running out of renewable resources of fuel such as fossil fuels which are obtained from the earth. In this project, we will be able to make use of such a fuel in the aviation industry which is obtained from a waste of a phytomass. In this project, we will be focusing on the production of this fuel from anacardium occidentale shells and study its characteristics by distinguishing with other phytomasses. T. Ayyasamy "Generation of Syngas using Anacardium Occidentale" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42604.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42604/generation-of-syngas-using-anacardium-occidentale/t-ayyasamy
Plasma pyrolysis Technology for waste management (covid waste,hospital waste,...SABARINATH C D
Plasma pyrolysis is in the forefront of modern waste treatment. There is great potential for
development of thermal plasma pyrolysis technologies applicable to waste management with
energy and material recovery. Although important research progress in this area has been
made in recent years, there are still considerable technical challenges to be faced in
developing and modifying thermal plasma pyrolysis processes for industrial applications.
Plasma pyrolysis process fulfils all the technical requirements to treat hazardous waste safely.
It is easy to maintain the arc in an oxygen-free environment, or one can vary the gas to alter
the chemistry of the process. The plasma pyrolysis system can have instant start and shut
down. It is possible to add features like interlocks and automation that make the system user
friendly. The plasma pyrolysis technology overcomes almost all the drawbacks of the
existing waste-disposal technologies. It provides a complete solution for the safe disposal of
medical waste. In addition, organic mass to gas conversion is more than 99% and it does not
require segregation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The gases obtained after the pyrolysis are
rich in energy content and can be used to recover energy.
Generation of Syngas using Anacardium Occidentaleijtsrd
The purpose of this project is to produce syngas from Anacardium occidentale shell which can be used in the piston engine of a short range helicopters like Mosquito XEL etc. which can be used for various applications like for agriculture fertilization and for local transport in an affordable price to the civilians. This anacardium occidentale is also known as cashew nut in most of the region. This project states the production of the syngas through downdraft gasification process as it is proven that it produces very less tar waste compared to other gasifiers. In this project, we will be also reusing the biomass char by converting it into an active catalyst which can be used for various applications like bio diesel production and in pyrolysis process to boost up the chemical reactions. This project also involves the waste management as we are running out of renewable resources of fuel such as fossil fuels which are obtained from the earth. In this project, we will be able to make use of such a fuel in the aviation industry which is obtained from a waste of a phytomass. In this project, we will be focusing on the production of this fuel from anacardium occidentale shells and study its characteristics by distinguishing with other phytomasses. T. Ayyasamy "Generation of Syngas using Anacardium Occidentale" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42604.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/electrical-engineering/42604/generation-of-syngas-using-anacardium-occidentale/t-ayyasamy
Plasma pyrolysis Technology for waste management (covid waste,hospital waste,...SABARINATH C D
Plasma pyrolysis is in the forefront of modern waste treatment. There is great potential for
development of thermal plasma pyrolysis technologies applicable to waste management with
energy and material recovery. Although important research progress in this area has been
made in recent years, there are still considerable technical challenges to be faced in
developing and modifying thermal plasma pyrolysis processes for industrial applications.
Plasma pyrolysis process fulfils all the technical requirements to treat hazardous waste safely.
It is easy to maintain the arc in an oxygen-free environment, or one can vary the gas to alter
the chemistry of the process. The plasma pyrolysis system can have instant start and shut
down. It is possible to add features like interlocks and automation that make the system user
friendly. The plasma pyrolysis technology overcomes almost all the drawbacks of the
existing waste-disposal technologies. It provides a complete solution for the safe disposal of
medical waste. In addition, organic mass to gas conversion is more than 99% and it does not
require segregation of chlorinated hydrocarbons. The gases obtained after the pyrolysis are
rich in energy content and can be used to recover energy.
trating municipal landfill leachate by using activated carbon sourced from agricultural residue(sugarcane bagasse & rice husk) and comparing their efficacy wrt each other in removing the tds, color, organics etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Leachate generation from tsdf and its treatment optionsAyushi Chaturvedi
Introduction to Hazardous waste landfill and Leachate
Supportive Data and figures
Real Episode due to Leachate Contamination
Leachate Generation Factors
TSDF - Introduction
TSDF – Case Study
Literature Review
List of Applicable leachate treatment Technologies
Experimental Analysis of a Producer Gas Generated by a Chir Pine Needle (Leaf...IJERA Editor
Today’s Indian scenario is facing an unprecedented energy crisis as the conventional energy resources of India are consistently deteriorating with the limited stock of these natural minerals posing a staggering threat to the Indian economy. Among all the available resources biomass proves to be a satisfactory substitute for compensating the energy void due to these natural resources. Biomass is a renewable resource with almost zero net CO2 emission which is processed with the help of biomass gasifier which is concurrently used with a chir pine needle. The performance of the biomass gasifier system is evaluated in terms of equivalence ratio, producer gas composition, calorific value of the producer gas, gas production rate and cold gas efficiency. The experimental results are compared with those reported in the literature.
Phytorid_Ecologique Science Technik Pvt. Ltd._Indovation 2015_24 January 2015India Water Portal
ESTPL, is a scientific enterprise under Scientist Entrepreneurship Scheme of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) formed by Scientist of CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Hazardous waste drilling mud management – A case study on remediation technol...Hesam Hassan Nejad
Speaking title: Hazardous waste drilling mud management – A case study on remediation technologies
Oil Industry and the Environment Seminar
(NOTES 2015), Delta Hotel, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
April 27, 2015
To study the behaviour of nanorefrigerant in vapour compression cycle a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Nanofluid is an advanced kind of fluid, which contain nanometer sized (10-9 m) solid particles that are known as nanoparticles. Nanoparticles enhance the property of normal fluid. In past five years, nanorefrigerant has become the input for large number of experimental and vapour compression systems because of shortage of energy and environmental considerations. The conventional refrigerants have major role in global warming and depletion of the ozone layer. Therefore, there is need to improve the performance of vapour compression refrigeartion system with the help of using suitable refrigerant. Nearly all the works carried out in relation with nanofluids in vapour compression is regarding their applications in systems like domestic refrigerators and industrial purposes etc. The present paper investigate the performance of the nanorefrigerant in vapour compression cycle and the challenges of using nanorefrigerants in vapour compression cycle. Keywords: Nanofluids, nanoparticles, nanometer, nanorefrigerants, vapour compression, ecofriendly, domestic refrigerator
trating municipal landfill leachate by using activated carbon sourced from agricultural residue(sugarcane bagasse & rice husk) and comparing their efficacy wrt each other in removing the tds, color, organics etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Leachate generation from tsdf and its treatment optionsAyushi Chaturvedi
Introduction to Hazardous waste landfill and Leachate
Supportive Data and figures
Real Episode due to Leachate Contamination
Leachate Generation Factors
TSDF - Introduction
TSDF – Case Study
Literature Review
List of Applicable leachate treatment Technologies
Experimental Analysis of a Producer Gas Generated by a Chir Pine Needle (Leaf...IJERA Editor
Today’s Indian scenario is facing an unprecedented energy crisis as the conventional energy resources of India are consistently deteriorating with the limited stock of these natural minerals posing a staggering threat to the Indian economy. Among all the available resources biomass proves to be a satisfactory substitute for compensating the energy void due to these natural resources. Biomass is a renewable resource with almost zero net CO2 emission which is processed with the help of biomass gasifier which is concurrently used with a chir pine needle. The performance of the biomass gasifier system is evaluated in terms of equivalence ratio, producer gas composition, calorific value of the producer gas, gas production rate and cold gas efficiency. The experimental results are compared with those reported in the literature.
Phytorid_Ecologique Science Technik Pvt. Ltd._Indovation 2015_24 January 2015India Water Portal
ESTPL, is a scientific enterprise under Scientist Entrepreneurship Scheme of Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) formed by Scientist of CSIR-National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI)
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Hazardous waste drilling mud management – A case study on remediation technol...Hesam Hassan Nejad
Speaking title: Hazardous waste drilling mud management – A case study on remediation technologies
Oil Industry and the Environment Seminar
(NOTES 2015), Delta Hotel, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador
April 27, 2015
To study the behaviour of nanorefrigerant in vapour compression cycle a revieweSAT Journals
Abstract Nanofluid is an advanced kind of fluid, which contain nanometer sized (10-9 m) solid particles that are known as nanoparticles. Nanoparticles enhance the property of normal fluid. In past five years, nanorefrigerant has become the input for large number of experimental and vapour compression systems because of shortage of energy and environmental considerations. The conventional refrigerants have major role in global warming and depletion of the ozone layer. Therefore, there is need to improve the performance of vapour compression refrigeartion system with the help of using suitable refrigerant. Nearly all the works carried out in relation with nanofluids in vapour compression is regarding their applications in systems like domestic refrigerators and industrial purposes etc. The present paper investigate the performance of the nanorefrigerant in vapour compression cycle and the challenges of using nanorefrigerants in vapour compression cycle. Keywords: Nanofluids, nanoparticles, nanometer, nanorefrigerants, vapour compression, ecofriendly, domestic refrigerator
Future-proof industrial assets with circular strategiesStork
Bijna de helft van de koolstof emissies is product gerelateerd en de beschikbaarheid van grondstoffen wordt steeds kritischer. Op weg naar een duurzame samenleving is het onvermijdelijk om de lineaire economie van “take-make-dispose” te doorbreken door de toepassing van circulaire strategieën. Maar wat betekent dit voor de industrie, en welke bijdrage kan Asset Management hieraan leveren?
In dit webinar schetsen Jack Doomernik en Erika Kuo mogelijke rollen die Asset Management kan spelen in circulariteit. Zij presenteren een aanpak met vier oplossingsrichtingen waarmee u uw uitdagingen in circulariteit te lijf kunt gaan
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN FUELED INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINEijsrd.com
In the history of internal combustion engine development, hydrogen has been considered at several phases as a substitute of hydrocarbon-based fuels. Starting from the 70’s, there have been several attempts to convert engines for hydrogen operation. Together with the development in gas injector technology it has become possible to control precisely the injection of hydrogen for safe operation. Here we are using stainless steel plate as electrode in the electrolytic cell, the electrolyte being water and NACL salt. The electrolytic cell we used is a 12V battery case made of plastic. The cross sectional layers are cut such that the stainless steel plate fix in the battery case. The plates are separated by very small distance and the plates are given parallel holes for electron flow to be uniform. The power source to the kit is provided by a 12V and 9Ams battery. We used a transparent tube to supply the hydrogen produced in the kit to the air hose tube of our motor cycle. In order to keep the battery charged we used two 6 Amp diode to power the battery while running. There is a separate switch to power the kit and to protect the battery from getting drained. The stainless steel plates are of 50cm length, 25cm height, 2 millimeter thickness. The battery case can hold up to 5 liters of electrolyte. The use of hydrogen with petrol to power the vehicle has resulted in increase in vehicle mileage, accelerating speed with most important task of reduction in exhaust emission.
A short description of thermal technologies for the recovery of ammonia from N-rich wastewaters and expirementing with membrane distillation for getting better results.
Understanding true meaning of Sustainability on the basis of Adopt-Assess-Mitigate principles. The PPT highlights action to taken by all those professionals related to construction industry. Sustainability assessment during the Pre-construction phase of building's life cycle and carbon spike phenomenon is dealt with.
Similar to Waste Disposal through Portable Incinerator (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30881 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 263
incinerator, based both on the theory of combustion and
incineration and on the results of experimental studies.
Conclusion-
A. Through extensive study of this paper we gained an
understanding of incinerator principlesandcombustion
theory.
B. It enabled us to eliminatemostoftheexperimental work
needed to design and specify an incinerator.
C. Once the experimental evidence has been obtainedfora
given incinerator, we can specify units of different sizes
by applying the relationships presented herein.
2. Title- ‘Conceptual Design of a Multipurpose Mobile
Smokeless Incinerator’ By Abdul Talib Din, Syaiful
Bahari Ahammed, Siti Norehan Rosli
Description- This paperinvestigatestheproblemof existing
conventional incinerators, proposing a solution, prioritizing
requirements, designing and producing an ideal incinerator
for domestic users. The air pollution control device, APCD
was used to overcome the problem of air pollution due to
incineration process. Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
was performed to get the ideal design of the incinerator.The
assumption of the retail price of the fully functioning small,
multipurpose, mobile and smokeless incinerator was
estimated.
Conclusion-
A. Tests were conducted to show how the incinerator was
functioning well and the data fromtheobservations was
recorded.
B. From the particulate emission experiment, the
incinerator only emitted a very small amount of smoke
that literally can be said to be smokeless.
C. No flying ash or particulate matter came out from the
incinerator compared to external open burning that
results in a lot of smoke and flying ash produced from
the burning.
D. Both the APCDs installed in the incinerator were
functioning well and the air pollution could be reduced
using this incinerator.
E. Time taken for the waste material to completely burn in
the incinerator was recorded to be shorter than the
external open burning.
F. The use of APCDS and castor wheel has granted the
incinerator the capability to be a multipurpose, mobile
and smokeless incinerator.
3. Title- ‘Design of a Smokeless and Non-Pollutant
Emitting Incineration System’ By Obuka Nnaemeka SP,
Ozioko, Emeka R
Description-
This research was intended for the designing and
construction of a smokeless and non-pollutant emitting
incineration system prototype with two-chambers(primary
and secondary) each equipped with a burner, with an
overfire air jet. A wet scrubber was retrofitted to the
incinerator to completely remove the remaining flue gases
and particulate matter releasedfromtheincineratorthrough
a wash down and absorption mechanism. The water for the
spray tower was designed to be mixed with slaked lime to
help in absorption of acidic gases in the smoke from the
incinerator.
Conclusion-
A. The incinerator was designed as a double chambered
system to be double walled and lagged with a fibreglass
system.
B. The incinerator has two burners at each of the primary
and secondary chamber, producing a burning
temperature of 800 0C at the primary chamber and
10000C in the secondary chamber.
C. The critical insulation thickness of the incinerator
chambers was carefully and successfully evaluated, and
there was reduced heat transfertothesurroundingwith
double walled and lagged body.
D. The flue gas and particulate matters leaving the
incinerator are not allowed into the environment but
channeled into a wet scrubbing unit designed as a
vertical spay tower with water mixed with slaked lime
flowing counter currently to the incoming gas and
particulate matters.
E. This scrubber system successfully performed the last
phase of acid gases and particulate mattersremoval and
allowed for a non-pollutant emission.
4. Title- ‘An Overview of Hazardous/Toxic Waste
Incineration’ By C. C. Lee , George L. Huffman & Donald
A. Oberacker
Description- This paper provided an overview of
hazardous/toxic waste incineration. It was intended for
those who are not involved in actual incineration
management or operations, to enable them to easily
understand the status of and the prospects for incineration.
It describes current regulatory requirements and provides
an overview of hazardous waste incineration. Data on the
performance of and emission levels associated with
incinerators are not provided in this paper because they
have been made available in other recent EPA publications.
Conclusion-
A. It was found that by far the best demonstrated available
technology for waste destruction is incineration.
B. Based on current advancements, it may emit unwanted
products of incomplete combustion or trace metals.
C. The PICs could conceivably be equally or more
hazardous than the original compounds inthewastefed
to the units.
D. The amounts of the PICs in the exhaust are generally at
least two orders of magnitude less than the original
compounds in the feed.
E. Both PIC and trace metal emissions are very
complicated problems and thus, a considerable amount
of research needs to be done in ordertoensurethatthey
can be adequately controlled.
5. Title- ‘Incineration of Hazardous Waste: A Critical
Review Update, Air Waste’ By Clyde R. Dempsey & E.
Timothy Oppelt
Description- In response to the increase of waste at an
unprecedented rate, there has been a significant
modification of waste management practices. The more
traditional and lowest-cost methods of direct landfilling,
storage in surface impoundments and deep-well injection
are being replaced in large measure by waste minimization
at the source of generation, waste reuse,
physicochemical/biological treatment, incineration and
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD30881 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 4 | May-June 2020 Page 264
chemical stabilization/solidification methods. Of all of the
“permanent” treatment technologies, properly designed
incineration systems are capable of the highest overall
degree of destruction and control for the broadest range of
hazardouswastestreams.Substantial designandoperational
experience exists in this area and a wide variety of
commercial systems are available. Consequently, significant
growth is anticipated in the use of incineration and other
thermal destruction methods. The objective of this research
was to examine the current state of knowledge regarding
hazardous waste incineration in an effort to put these
technological and environmental issues into perspective.
Conclusion-
A. The research draws up a number of conclusions on the
status of incineration technology, current practice,
monitoring methods, emissions, performance, and
public health risks.
B. Considerable design experience exists, and design and
operating guidelines are available covering the
engineering aspects of these systems.
C. The most common incinerator designs incorporate one
of four major combustion chamber designs: liquid
injection, rotary kiln, fixed hearth or fluidized bed.
D. The most common air pollution control system involves
combustion gas quenching followed by a venturi
scrubber (for waste removal), a packed tower absorber
(for acid gas removal) and a mist eliminator.
E. Newer systems have incorporated more efficient air
pollution control devices, however, such as wet
electrostatic precipitators,ionizing wetscrubbers,spray
dryer absorbers, fabric filters and proprietary systems.
6. Title- ‘A review of municipal solid waste environmental
standards with a focus on incinerator residues’ By Alec
Liu, Fei Ren, Wenlin Yvonne Lin, Jing-Yuan Wang
Description- This research establishes the relevance of
environmental regulations and standards as theymaintaina
balance among competing resourcesandhelpprotecthuman
health and the environment. One important environmental
standard is related to municipal solid waste (MSW). The
sustainability of landfills is also of concern as increasing
volumes of MSW consume finite landfill space. The
incineration of MSW and the reuse of incinerated residues
help alleviate the burden on landfill space. However, the
reuse of MSW incinerator residues must be regulated
because they may expose the environment to toxic heavy
metal elements. The study of environmental standardsfrom
different countries applicable to MSW is not widely
published, much less those for incinerated MSW residue
reuse. This paper compares extant waste classification and
reuse standards pertinent to MSW, and explores the unique
recent history and policy evolution in some countries
exhibiting high environmental regard and rapid changes, so
that policy makers can propose new or revise current MSW
standards in other countries.
Conclusion-
A. Countries with limited natural resources should have a
greater interest in resource reuse.
B. Between developed and developing economies, more
developed ones tend to have greater environmental
concerns, and waste management focus priorities in
developing economies generally follow similar paths as
those in developed ones.
C. Standard setting is a science that takes into account the
natural environment setting that needs protection, the
transport phenomena ofcontaminantsthroughdifferent
media, and the contamination source.
D. These generalizations may serve as implications that
will help decision makers in governments that are
looking to begin to set MSW leaching criteria standards
initiate proposals.
E. Increasing popular support for standards in general
propagated by social media and open innovation,
increasing demand for sustainable technology brought
on by the dwindling and rising cost of resources, and
aligning business interests with waste and energy cost
reduction goals may increase standardsimportanceand
availability.
7. Title- ‘Characteristics and application potential of
municipal solidwasteincineration(MSWI)bottomashes
from two waste-to-energy plants’, P. Tang, M. V. A.
Florea, P. Spiesz, H. J. H. Brouwers
Description- This study focuses on municipal solid waste
incineration (MSWI) bottom ash characteristics, its
heterogeneity, environmental properties, and their stability
in time. The physical and chemical characteristics of bottom
ashes from two plants were determined over time; results
showed that their properties are very stable and similar to
each other. As an exploratory study, bottom ash was applied
in mortars without further treatment,inordertoidentifythe
limit conditions of its use as replacement material. Results
showed that bottom ash fines have a detrimental effect on
cement hydration and strength of the mortars.
Conclusion-
A. The physical and chemical properties of the bottom
ashes from both waste-to-energy plants were stable
over time and were very similar to each other, despite
different production processes. The coarse bottom ash
particles (4–32 mm) had higher water absorption than
natural aggregate and recycled concrete aggregate.
B. The dominant oxides found in the bottom ashes are
SiO2, CaO, Al2O3 and Fe2O3. Based on the calculations
of relevant parameters, these bottom ashes could
possibly be used as correction material for clinker
production.
C. The calorimetric results confirmed that the bottom
ashes had very low hydraulic activity and their addition
to cement led to the retardation of cement hydration.
The addition of bottom ashes contributes to the total
heat release of cement hydration.
D. The MSWI bottom ash has a high amount of fine
particles (<125 μm) which leads to higher water
absorption and eventually reduces the amount of water
available to react with cement and metallic aluminium
in mortar. Hence, the bottom ashes fines (<2 mm) used
as sand replacement reduce the strengthofmortars,but
with no visible cracks on the mortar.
E. The leaching behaviour of bottom ashes was verystable
over time. The leaching contaminants which exceed the
legislative limit were copper, antimony, chloride and
sulphate. Thus, a future study will be focused on the
reduction of these specific contaminants from the
investigated bottom ashes
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8. Title- ‘Review on Technologies of Removal of Dioxins
and Furans from Incinerator Flue Gas’ By A. Mukherjee,
B. Debnath, Sadhan Kumar Ghosh
Description- This review deals with the most serious
drawback of incineration waste disposal process, the
emission of dioxins and furans in flue gas. Dioxins and
Furans are regarded as very harmful chemicals which can
have serious health effects causing cancer, reducing
immunity. Varioustechniquesareavailableforthetreatment
of flue gas emission depending upon the type of feed stocks.
Some popular and effective methods are using sulphur
compounds namely (NH4)2SO4, pyrite (FeS2), changing the
operating conditions of incinerations etc. The main aim of
this paper is to suggest a cost effective, efficient and a long
lasting method to treat the flue gas so that the concentration
of dioxins and furans can be reduced effectively as well as to
eradicate the challenges associated with the process. The
present review discusses the current views on methods to
minimize dioxins and benzo-furans, namelypolychlorinated
dibenzo-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzo-furans (PCDFs),
formation in different types of incineration systems.
Municipal solid waste incineration system, hazardous solid
waste incineration system and Bio medical waste
incineration system has been considered in this case. The
findings of this paper will help the stakeholders in the
decision making process in establishing a sustainable future
of waste management and will set future directions for
better and innovative research addressing the problems.
Conclusion-
A. A review has been presented discussing different
technologies associated with removal of dioxins and
furans evolved during incineration of wastes.
B. Precursor of formation, mechanism of formation,
Sources of dioxins, congeners has been discussed in
detail.
C. The methods established in the past twenty years have
been reviewed and it’s been found that, among the
existing techniques, each and every one has some
problems.
D. End of pipe treatment options have shown good
potential. Hybridization of good combustion practice
and end of life pipe treatment has been suggestedwhich
will not only improve the process efficiency from the
operational aspect but also from the economical aspect.
E. Injection of sulphur compounds is suggested which will
prevent the formation and hence is a good option. Thus,
the hybrid method will no doubt secure a sustainable
future for the incinerators and dioxin removal
technologies. This paper will help the stakeholders,
researchers and practitionersforbetterdecisionmaking
and future research pathways.
9. Title- ‘A systematic review on biomonitoring of
individuals living near or working at solid waste
incinerator plants’ By
Description- A systematic review of peer-reviewed
literature on human biological monitoring of exposure and
effect following potential exposure to SWI pollutants (Solid
waste incinerators (SWI) emit several pollutants among
which polychloro dibenzo dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs),
polychlorobiphenyls, metals, monocyclic and polycyclic
aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)) to bring together evidence
and to highlight strengths and deficiencies of the studies
conducted so far. Relevant studies on biomonitoring of
individuals living near or working at SWIs were selected
through three steps: (1) A literature search in the Medline,
CAplus, and Embase database; (2) The retrieved abstracts
were screened by four independent reviewers; (3) The full
text of the relevant papers were read,papers were pooled in
studies, and then analyzed to highlight strengths and
weaknesses. Studies with the strongest epidemiological
design and/or the largest sample size were identified as
reference studies. Most studies presented methodological
pitfalls; reference studies showed no or limited evidence of
the impact of SWI on exposure and effect biomarkers.
Conclusion-
A. Several biological monitoring studies were studied, the
majority of them were performed in the decade 2001-
2010, with a decreasing number in the following years.
B. The levels of the studied biomarkers in the general
population living near modern SWI were, in most
studies, in the range of the reference values, showingno
or very scarce impact of SWI emissions on the internal
dose of the considered pollutants and on their effects.
C. Similarly, in SWI workers biomarkers of exposure and
effect seldom exceeded the reference values and were
always within the biological limit values for
occupational settings.
D. Overall, the results suggest a low contribution, if any,
from SWI to the internal dose/early-biological effectsof
the investigated toxicants.
E. However, it is necessary to highlight that severalpitfalls
affected many of the reviewed studies.Therefore,future
investigations in the field need to address issues
associated with a properrecruitmentofstudysubjects,a
careful collection of individual characteristics and a
thoughtful personal exposure assessment.
10. Title- ‘Energy Recovery from Waste Incineration: The
Importance of Technology Data and System Boundaries
on CO2 Emissions’ByOla ErikssonandGöranFinnveden
Description- This research paper recognizes that in
previous studies of the relationship between energy and
waste disposal, it has not been shown explicitly which key
parameters are most crucial, how much each parameter
affects results and conclusions and how different aspects
depend on each other. The interconnection between waste
incineration and the energy system is elaborated by testing
parameters potentially crucial to the result: design of the
incineration plant, avoided energy generation, degree of
efficiency, electricity efficiency in combined heat and power
plants (CHP), avoided fuel, emission level of the avoided
electricity generation and avoided waste management. CO2
emissions have been calculated for incineration of 1 kWh
mixed combustible waste. The results indicate that one of
the most important factors is the electricityefficiencyinCHP
plants in combination with the emission level of the avoided
electricity generation. Since waste incineration typicallyhas
lower power to fuel ratios, this has implications for further
analyses of waste incineration compared to other waste
management practises and heat and power production
technologies. Electricity generationmustnotbelost,asithas
to be compensated for by electricity productionaffecting the
overall results.
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Conclusion-
A. This study provides quantitative results on the
implications of different technological data for waste
incineration and competing technologies for heat and
power production.
B. Results from this assessment show the power-to-fuel
ratio in combination with the emission level of the
avoided electricity generation and the avoided waste
management are identified as the most important
factors.
C. If current waste incineration is replaced, the most
inefficient plants should be substituted.Incasethereisa
surplus of waste, due to the higher efficiency as
described above, it should not be subject to landfill
disposal but recycled. New efficient waste incineration
should primarily substitute current inefficient CHP
production
D. It is also noted that the emission factor for material
recycling (which is an average value for a mix of
recycling processes) are negative since recycling
includes avoided virgin production and constitutes a
saving in emissions.
E. All these arguments are in favour of exporting waste
from countries where waste is subject to landfill
disposal, to be efficiently incinerated in CHP plants in
countries with district heating systems, especially if it
can avoid the use of fossil fuels.
F. A novel aspect of this study is the plant-by-plant
comparison showing how different electricity
efficiencies associated with different types of fuels and
plants influence results. Since waste incineration
typically has lower power to fuel ratios, this has
implications for further analyses of waste incineration
compared to other waste management practises and
heat and power production technologies.
11. Title- ‘Waste To Energy By Incineration’ By Avinash A.
Patil, Amol A.Kulkarni, Balasaheb B. Patil
Description- Incineration is the main waste-to-energyform
of treatment. It is a treatment technology involving
destruction of solid waste by controlled burning at high
temperatures. It is accompanied by the release of heat. This
heat from combustion can be converted into energy.
Incineration is a high-quality treatment for Municipal Solid
Waste (MSW), very useful in big or crowdedcities,becauseit
reduces the quantity and volume of waste to be landfilled. It
can be localised in an urbanised zone, and offers the
opportunity of recovering energy. However, it should be
taken into account that the economic investment needed is
high. The environmental conditions of the incineration
process must be very precise to make it environmentally
safe. The larger portion of the investment required is due to
environmental measures such as emissions control. When
choosing incineration as an alternative, the following issues
should be considered: volume/quantity of waste produced,
heat of combustion of waste, site location, dimensions of the
facility, operation and maintenance costs and investment.
Inference-
The left-over waste at the dumping yards generally contains
a high percentage of inert (>40%) and of putrescibleorganic
matter (30-60%). It is common practice to add road
sweepings to the dust bins. Papers and plastics are mostly
picked up and only such a fraction which is in an
unrecoverable form remains in the refuse. Paper normally
constitutes 3-7% of refuse while the plastic content is
normally less than 1%. The calorific value on a dry weight
basis (High Calorific Value) varies between 800-1100
kcal/kg. Self-sustaining combustion cannot be obtained for
such waste and auxiliary fuel will be required. Incineration,
therefore, has not been preferred in India so far. The only
incineration plant installed in India at Timarpur, Delhi way
back in the year 1990 has been lying inoperative due to
mismatch between the available waste quality and plant
design. However, with the growing problems of waste
management in the urban areas and the increasing
awareness about the ill effects of the existing waste
management practices on the public health, the urgent need
for improving the overall waste management system and
adoption of advanced, scientific methods of waste disposal,
including incineration is imperative.
III. CONCLUSION
Through the study of the various research papers that we
reviewed, the following conclusions were derived:
Solid waste disposal by combustion (incineration) is now
and will continue to be an important part of our national
solid waste management programme. Treatment of solid
wastes (municipal, hospital, industrial etc.) has become one
of the main concerns of many urban and rural communities.
Adequate management of the wastes through reduction of
the waste production from households by recycling and
reuse should be given the highest priority. However, some
portions of these wastes are buriedunderground,i.e.landfill.
In order to meet the worldwide demand for a clean
environment, various national, regional, state, or local
regulations or guidelines have been proposed and enforced.
Incineration of solid wastes is usually considered to be the
most effective in volume reduction of the solid waste,
thereby reducing the burden of landfill. Incineration can
remain a viable option when it ensures pollution
minimization. The need for a quick, reliable, and
environmentally friendly method of waste disposal
generated from households, hospitals, markets, industries
etc., has brought attention to the design and construction of
a specialty incinerator to suit bothrural andurbanpurposes.
Incineration is a method of waste destructionina furnace by
controlled burning at high temperatures [1]. Incineration of
waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gases and
heat. The ash is mostly formed by inorganic constituents of
the waste, and may take the form of solid lumps or
particulate matters carried by the flue gas. Incineration has
frequently been preferred to other waste treatment or
disposal alternatives due to advantages such as; the volume
and mass of the solid waste is reduced to a fraction of its
original size by 85-90% volume, the waste reduction is
immediate and not dependent on long biological breakdown
reaction times. The public health impact associated with
emissions from solid wastes (municipal, hospital etc,) has
become and continue to be a major subject of concern
because of the following points: (i) Some materials are not
supposed to be incinerated as they are more valuable if
recycled, they are non-combustible or their by-product may
give rise to harmful emissions (ii) Poor operating practice
and the presence of chlorine in the waste may lead to
emissions containing highly toxicdioxinsandfurans(iii)The
control of metal emissions may be difficult for inorganic
wastes containing heavy metals, such as arsenic, cadmium,
chromium, copper, lead, mercury, nickel, etc. (iv)
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incinerators require high capital costsandtrainedoperators
leading to moderately high operating costs
(v)Supplementary fuels are sometimes required to achieve
the necessary high temperatures (vi) Residual disposal (fly
ash and bottom ash) presents a variety of aesthetic, water
pollution, and worker health related problems that require
attention in system design and operation (vii) Process
analysis of combustors is very difficult, changes in waste
character are common due to seasonal variations in
municipal waste or product changes in industrial waste.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The team would like to credit all the academics of the
respective research mentioned in our review, who were
responsible for the experimental work done in the field
around the globe. We’d also like to extend our deepest
gratitude to the Department of Mechanical Engineering,
ABES Engineering College for supporting the project.
Namely, Dr. Rajendra Kumar Shukla (HOD), Ms. Gaganpreet
Kaur (Project In-charge) and Mr. VijayKumarGupta (Project
Guide).
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