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Climate smart agriculture
This presentation discusses climate smart agriculture. It defines key concepts like weather, climate, and the greenhouse effect. It explains how climate change is impacting Nepal's agriculture sector through increased temperatures, more extreme weather, and reduced crop yields. The presentation outlines the objectives of climate smart agriculture to develop practices that help farming adapt to climate change by being more resilient, productive, and low-carbon. Specific climate smart agriculture strategies discussed include conservation tillage, agroforestry, water management techniques, and ensuring gender inclusion in climate adaptation efforts.
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Climate smart agriculture
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- 2. CLIMATE SMART AGRICULTURE Presented by: SubodhKhanal Asst. Professor Paklihawa Campus Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science
- 3. Provincial governments havestarted in some villages.
- 4. Weather and climateare not the same thing
- 5. What is weather?????? •Short termed • Limited area • Can change rapidly • Difficult to predict It is what’s happening outside your window right now
- 6. So what isclimate Average of many years weather data Long term Wide area Seasonal changes Measured over a long span of time
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- 8. Solar radiation andheat budget
- 9. So what isGREENHOUSE effect????
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- 12. What if….no greenhouseeffect?? -223 c 148.88 c
- 13. What if moregreenhouse effect?? 457.22 C
- 14. We are blessedto be a part of it, isn’t it??? Average temperature is 30 C If no GH effect: -18 C (0F)
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- 18. Causes of climatechange • Natural Sunspot and strength of sun Change in earth orbit Change in orientation of earth orbit(every 41000 years from 22.1 degrees to 24.5 degrees ) Meteorites Plate tectonics Volcanic eruptions • Anthropogenic Land use changes Deforestation Industries Emissions
- 21. Scenario of Nepal• 0.03% of World Land • 118 ecosystem • 35 forest type • 25% on poverty line • 0.06 degree Celsius/year • 25 glacier lakes on danger of outburst • 500+ million downstream in danger • Rs. 4 billion damage by flood/landslides and disasters • 10% land barren due to deficit in fertility and moisture • 9.7% affected by drought • 12-15 types forests destroyed by fires • 5-20% shortfall in production
- 23. Agriculture is responsiblefor 75% of world’s deforestation Agriculture is the largest contributor of non CO2 GHG emission (56%) Livestock contribute to 14.5% of GHG emission values of CO2, CH4 and N2O constitute, respectively, 146%, 257% and 122% of pre-industrial (before 1750) levels.
- 24. Cereal productivity todecrease by 20-40% by 2100 Increase in temperature decreases yield of wheat. Excessive temperature rise increase sterility in rice. Rice production in rainfed area is vulnerable.
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- 27. Agriculture as partof solution • Organic farming (enhance carbon storage in soil) • Increase carbon sequestration through land management • Rotations with cover crops, green manure • Agroforestry • Conservation tillage: reduce carbondioxide emission by 5-15% • Irrigation efficiency reduces fossil fuel consumption • Maximum energy efficiency and using renewable energy sources • carbon farming :plant can act as carbon sink • Rotational grazing • Supporting farmer market and local food • Pushing for climate friendly practices
- 28. What is climatesmart agriculture?
- 29. Objectives of climatesmart agriculture
- 31. Minimum soil disturbanceis ideal but may involve controlled tillage where <20% of soil is disturbed. CSA use 30% permanent organic soil cover as minimum but ideal level is to be site specific. Reduce build up of weeds, pests and diseases If less land do intercropping Legumes are recommended
- 32. DIMENSION OF CSA •Weather smart • Water smart • Carbon smart • Nutrient smart • Energy smart • Knowledge smart
- 33. Weather smart Weather smart:weather forecasts, ICT based agro advisories ,index based insurance, climate analogues
- 35. Water smart On farmwater management Community management of water
- 36. SRI technology Drip irrigation Directseeded rice Raised beds
- 37. Carbon smart Agroforestry (above), land use system (below) Conservation tillage Livestock management
- 38. Nutrient smart Precise placementof nutrients
- 39. Energy smart No burning Fuelefficient engines
- 40. Knowledge smart F2f learning CSB Kitchengarden Off farm risk management Market information
- 41. Crop and livestockmanagement
- 43. Gender aspect ofCSA • CSA is integrated approach • Women: 43% of ag. Labor force in developing countries. • Conduct gender analysis • Identify women group • Training and support for leadership, negotiation , communication and business skills • Awareness related to gender
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- 48. Sources • https://www.un.org/pga/71/wp-content/uploads/sites/40/2017/02/IPCC- PowerPoint-presentation.pdf • https://www.slideshare.net/pacorz/climate-change-powerpoint •https://www.slideshare.net/virenderchhachhiya/climate-change-40874811 • https://www.slideshare.net/haneefahmad2/green-house-effect- presentation-70503894 • https://www.slideshare.net/Nabiilah/causes-and-effects-of-climate-change • https://www.slideshare.net/tmthatchupeacefeul/climate-smart- agriculture-74290266 • https://ccafs.cgiar.org/bigfacts/#theme=food-emissions • Documents & twitter from Food and agricultural organization
Editor's Notes
- #37 SRI is reported to reduce greenhouse gases emissions up to 40%, water saving 25-65%, reduction in incidence of major rice pests and diseases, resistance to storm damage and drought, high economic return and shorter crop cycle Productivity of DSR is 5-10% more than the yield of transplanted rice. It offers a very exhilarating opportunity to improve water and environmental sustainability. Methane gas emissions is lower in DSR than with conventionally tilled transplanted puddle rice