The document examines the effects of climate variability on the spread of Prosopis juliflora shrublands, vegetation trends, and livestock populations in Magadi Division, Kenya. Rainfall has decreased and become more variable while temperatures have increased over a 20-year period. Satellite imagery shows Prosopis cover expanding during dry seasons as other vegetation declines. Cattle populations have decreased as sheep and goat numbers rise. The study recommends exploring Prosopis utilization and economics to help pastoralists adapt to climate impacts.
Predict the resilience of black spruce, Douglas-fir, eastern hemlock, Alaska birch, pinyon pine, ponderosa pine, sugar maple, quaking aspen, white bark pine and white oak to climate change.
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Predict the resilience of black spruce, Douglas-fir, eastern hemlock, Alaska birch, pinyon pine, ponderosa pine, sugar maple, quaking aspen, white bark pine and white oak to climate change.
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•Safeguarded and strengthened production and ecosystem services lessening the severity of greenhouse gas emissions in the Southern Great Plains
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Decreased wind speeds caused by climate change may affect predatory instincts of insects. Read more here: http://blog.worldweatheronline.com/2014/11/13/climate-change-may-alter-predator-prey-balance/
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- Discern location shifts for different agricultural production systems
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- Project evolution of production systems under alternative climate scenarios and assess outcomes from alternative adaptation strategies
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Impacts
•Improved grazing management, increased water efficiency and drought planning, more diversified forage sources
•Better understanding of vulnerability and enhanced resilience of beef-grazing systems
•Safeguarded and strengthened production and ecosystem services lessening the severity of greenhouse gas emissions in the Southern Great Plains
Early outcomes of topsoil transfer in Banksia woodland restoration in Western...Paweł Waryszak
The aim of this project is to restore Banksia Woodlands by optimizing germination and survival of native species from the soil seed bank contained within transferred topsoil. The project is a part of an offset program associated with the development of the Jandakot Airport 25 km south of Perth city. In the first year, key research questions are focussed on enhancing germination by varying depth of returned topsoil, ripping, fencing, weed control and experimental additions of smoke. Subsequent work will examine the survival and persistence of germinants including treatments such as provision of artifical shade. Assessing the efficacy of a spectrum of novel restoration technologies will provide new insights for environmental management of endangered plant communities.
Decreased wind speeds caused by climate change may affect predatory instincts of insects. Read more here: http://blog.worldweatheronline.com/2014/11/13/climate-change-may-alter-predator-prey-balance/
Objectives:
- Discern location shifts for different agricultural production systems
- Set up spatially explicit modeling framework to assess climate and other driving factors behind adoption of different production systems
- Project evolution of production systems under alternative climate scenarios and assess outcomes from alternative adaptation strategies
Biochar: A Low Cost Solution to the Impending Global Food Crisisyurekborowski
Biochar is a plant based charcoal used to prevent drought in plants, increase yields by up to 140% in staple crops, retain fertilizer, decrease water usages, and sequester carbon in the soil for thousands of years. Go to International Biochar Initiative for more info!
Vegetation represents the cleaning health of plant life and the amount of ground soil provided by plants and animals . Vegetation has no particular taxa, life forms, structure, spatial extend, or any other specific botanical or good characteristics. It is broader than flora which refer exclusive to species the composition. Perhaps the closest synonym is plant community, but vegetation can, and often does, refer to a wider range of spatial scales than that term does, including scales as large as the global. Primeval redwood forests, coastal mangrove stands, sphagnum bogs, desert soil crusts, roadside weed patches, wheat fields, cultivated gardens and lawns; all are encompassed by the term vegetation.
This is a power point presentation based on social studies 8th standard history book.it has a lot of illustrations and explanation it also has sound effects it also has an small visual quiz with 5 question i wish all of you to see this .especially for 8th graders who is having difficulties the history lessons i hope it will be boon to them
Spatial-temporal variation of biomass production by shrubs in the succulent k...Innspub Net
Forage production in arid and semi-arid rangelands is not uniform but varies with seasons and in various landscapes. The aim of this study was to investigate the spatial and temporal variation in forage production in RNP. Plants sampling was carried out in 225 plots distributed in each of the five vegetation types. In each vegetation strata, sampling points was based on proximity to an occupied stock post, a rain gauge, a foothill and flat plains. A total of were measured in the 5 study sites. Line Intercept Method in combination with harvest method were used in ground measurement of biomass production. To assess biomass production using remote sensing technique, par values were obtained from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) imageries which consisted of 8 days composite images at spatial resolution of 1km² pixel size. There was positive correlation between line intercepts and biomass production Biomass production was higher in succulent Karoo biome than in desert biome. There was a strong relationship between biomass production with rainfall and with fpar values. Since leaf and stem succulents’ plants were found to contribute the highest amount of forage production in RNP, they should be given conservation priority.
Livelihood diversifying potential of livestock based carbon sequestration opt...ILRI
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This paper examines the effects of planting date (early planting, mid-season planting and late-season planting) and weeding regimes (two weeding before harvesting, three weeding before harvesting and weed free plots) on yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) in the Tolon district of Northern Ghana. The results show that different weed species, categorized as broad leaves, grasses and sedges, were dominant depending on the planting date and weeding regime. While there was no significant interaction (p>0.05) between planting date and weeding regime on fruit yield, nor significant impact of planting date as a sole treatment on fruit yield, the results showed the existence of significant effect of weeding regime as a sole treatment on yield and yield parameters of okra (p<0.05). Triple weeding resulted in okra yields comparable to the weed-free treatments (mean of 6000 kg/ha to 6300 kg/ha, p>0.05) but significantly higher (p<0.05) and about triple the yield observed in the treatments with double weeding regimes (mean of 1800 kg/ha to 2300 kg/ha). As cost of production, besides the cost of weeding, remains same for all treatments, Triple weeding is recommended for the small-holder farmer. It is associated with less labor cost compared to continuous weeding in the weed free treatments, and the triple gains in yield could offset the additional labor cost incurred in the triple weeding compared to the double weeding regimes.
Dr Frédéric Ménard IRD - France : Basic knowledge on Sargassum and overview o...Région Guadeloupe
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Mapping and Monitoring Spatial-Temporal Cover Change of Prosopis Species Colo...inventionjournals
ABSTRACT: This study integrates Gis and remote sensing to detect, quantify and monitor the rate at which Prosopis species colonization has been taking place since its introduction. Multi-date Landsat 30m resolution imageries covering a period of 25 years were classified into four classes i.e. Prosopis species dominated canopy, mixed woodland, grass land and bush land and finally bare land and agricultural fields. Change detection analysis was performed using 10% threshold to identify and quantify areas where change or No change has occurred. The results indicate that the area under bare land and agricultural fields decreased at a rate of 18.22% per year from 29% in 1985 to 3% in 1990. Between 2005 and 2010 it decreased from 9% in 2005 to 5% in 2010 at a rate of 8.94% per year. Prosopis species colonization has been increasing since 1985 where it was at 0% increasing to 51% in 1990 at a rate of 58.18% per year. Between 2005 and 2010 it decreased from 56% in 2005 to stand at 44% in 2010 at a rate of 4.34% per year. The study found out that there is no threat of desertification in the study area as a result of Prosopis species colonizing the landscape. More studies to be done to identify sustainable method of controlling Prosopis species colonization to avoid more loss of agricultural land and grazing fields.
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Abstract- Prosopis juliflora, popularly known as Mathenge in Kenya, is an invasive short shrub spread in drylands of Africa, Asia, Australia and in other parts of the world. The shrub was introduced in Kenya in the 1970s with an aim of afforesting the arid and semi-arid areas to curb desertification. In the formative stages, the results were positive but this did not last for long. It spread so rapidly becoming a menace to ASAL pastoralists prompting its declaration as a harmful weed in Kenya under the Suppression of Noxious Weeds Act (CAP 325) in 2008. Well, in some parts of the world, the shrub is cultivated. The study sought to examine the usefulness of P. juliflora (referred to as Prosopis in this study) in Kenyan ASALs and to determine whether it is a friend or a foe plant? Interviews were conducted to fifty (50) pastoralist respondents who were selected using simple random sampling method from Garissa Sub County. Secondary sources were also reviewed. The study established that the economy of ASALs revolves around livestock rearing, which in turn depends on the water and pasture. Prosopis had colonized the grazing land reducing the carrying capacity of the ASAL rangelands. Cases of ulceration of livestock teeth and mouth, serious injuries on both livestock and humans associated with Prosopis thorns, and loss of livestock were reported. On the other hand, various uses of Prosopis were identified and included: provision of fuelwood and charcoal, keeping of bees, control of soil erosion by wind and water. In addition, Prosopis was used in formulation of livestock fodder, making of drinking juices and cakes, production of biomass energy in Kenya. Negative attitude towards Prosopis by the pastoralists was identified as a hindrance to its use. The study established that with suitable management, capacity building and attitude change of the pastoralists on utilization of the shrub, Prosopis can be harnessed as a useful resource in the ASALs.
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Similar to Effect of climate variability on prosopis spread, vegetation and livestock by richard kyuma (20)
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Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Effect of climate variability on prosopis spread, vegetation and livestock by richard kyuma
1. Kyuma R.*, Wahome R., Kinama J. and Wasonga V. O.
*Corresponding Author: Kyuma R., Email: kavilakyuma@yahoo.com or kavilakyuma@gmail.com
The effects of climate variability on Prosopis juliflora
spread, vegetation trends and livestock dynamics in
the drylands of Kenya
2. Introduction
• Prosopis was introduced in Africa in the 1820s and
in Kenya in the 1970’s and 1980’s
• Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC has been aggressively
taking over grazing lands in pastoral areas
• Efforts to eradicate it have not succeeded
anywhere in the world.
• Due to its very hardiness and versatility, it grows
fast in dry degraded lands and wastelands
3. Prosopis Juliflora – an aggressive invader
It forms impenetrable thickets if not well managed
5. Problem statement
• The relationships between climate variability and
Prosopis invasion on pastoral livestock production
systems and livelihoods is not well understood.
Justification
• There is no evidence that Prosopis spread patterns
are related to climate variability and how that in
turn affects vegetation trends and livestock
population dynamics in the ASALs.
Objective
• To determine the effect of climate variability on
Prosopis spread patterns, other vegetation trends
and livestock population dynamics
7. Magadi
SHOMPOLE
OLKIRAMATIAN
MAGADI
OLDONYO-NYOIKE
36°30'0"E
36°30'0"E
36°20'0"E
36°20'0"E
36°10'0"E
36°10'0"E
36°0'0"E
36°0'0"E
S 1°40'0"S
S 1°50'0"S
S 2°0'0"S
S 2°10'0"S
Legend
Magadi Locations
L. Magadi
0 10 205 KM
WAJIR
TURKANA
MARSABIT
KITUI
GARISSA
ISIOLO
TANA RIVER
MANDERA
NAROK
KAJIADO
KILIFI
SAMBURU
TAITA TAVETA
BARINGO
KWALE
LAMU
WEST POKOT
Legend
L. Magadi
Magadi Locations
Dryland Counties with Prosopis
Kenya Boundary
0 140 28070 KM
Study site – Magadi Division of
Kajiado County - Kenya
Represents about 8% of the drylands
of Kenya affected by Prosopis.
Located in the southern rangelands;
lowland agroecological zone
Two landscape types were delineated
(plains and hillslopes)
8. Materials and methods Cont’d
Data types and sources
• Time series rainfall and temperature data were extracted
from the climate data collected from meteorological
stations climate data for 20 years
• Vegetation and Prosopis productivity data was derived
from the Terra MODIS (250m) series vegetation indices
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) satellite
data
• NDVI data was downloaded from the ENDELEO website
(http://endeleo.vgt.vito.be/),
• Livestock population data was collected and collated from
livestock offices – Magadi and Kajiado and KNBS
9. GIS and remote sensing methods of
vegetation biomass estimations
• MODIS (250m) satellite derived NDVI images were
used to establish the spread patterns of Prosopis in
the area.
• The 250m NDVI images were used to identify the
vegetation types which were photosynthetically
active during the drought periods.
• These vegetation types were most likely Prosopis
plants.
10. GIS and remote sensing methods
cont’d
• Participatory mapping of Prosopis clusters using community
opinion leaders was done and focused group discussions
were used in the plains and the hillslopes landscapes.
• Land cover and land use data, soil data, GPS data, GIS
databases were used to identify areas with the suitability
characteristics for Prosopis to thrive.
• The disappearance of other plant species was tracked using
NDVI from MODIS (250m) satellite images, land use, land
cover soil data and GPS data.
11. Data Analysis
• Monthly total rainfall and average temperature
trends for 20 years were established using Ms.
Excel
• Vegetation and Prosopis productivity (NDVI) for
the plains and hillslopes (2000 – 2014) for the
dry seasons’ trends were established
• Livestock population trends (20 years) was
established
12. Data analysis
• Comparisons and relationships of the trends was
done in the plains and the hillslopes landscapes
• Correlation coefficients were determined for the
relationships between rainfall and temperature,
Prosopis spread patterns, other vegetation cover
trends and livestock population.
16. Olkiramatian
plains short dry
season (January
to February)
Prosopis NDVI
trends
Olkiramatian
plains long dry
season (June
to September)
Prosopis NDVI
trends
17. Ngurumani hill
slopes short dry
season (January
to February)
Prosopis NDVI
trends
Ngurumani hill
slopes long dry
season (June
to September)
Prosopis NDVI
trends
19. Ngurumani all
vegetation short
dry season
(January to
February) NDVI
trends
Ngurumani all
vegetation long
dry season
(June to
September)
NDVI trends
22. Conclusions
• The study revealed decreasing and variable rainfall
amounts and patterns; and an increase in mean
annual temperatures in the study area
• vegetation cover was noted to decline especially
during the long dry seasons when livestock feed
supply is limited
• Prosopis cover was increasing during the same
period. The cattle populations were also on the
decline over a 20 year period while the sheep and
goats populations were on the increase.
23. Recommendations
• It is recommended that viable Prosopis utilization
options be explored to take advantage of the highly
adaptable Prosopis to climate variability.
• The economics of Prosopis pods and Prosopis
carbon stocks as an alternative source of animal
feeds and Prosopis based carbon trade need further
studies.
24. References
• Wahome et al., 2008;
• Choge and Pasiecznik, 2006
• Tewari et al., 2000;
• Pasiecznik et al., 2001
• Silva, 1986
• UNEP/CBD, 2010
• GOK- Kenya PDNA, 2012
• Kazmi et al., 2010
• Galvin et al., 2004; IPCC 2007
• Resilience Alliance, 2010;
• Tennigkeit T. and Wilkes A., 2008;
• WISP Policy Note No. 04, 2007