1. Definition of referents and referring expression.
2. example of referents and referring expression
3. Extension and Intension
4. Some different kinds of referents
4.1 unique and non unique referents
4.2 concrete and abstract
4.3 countable and uncountable
5. Different ways of referring
5.1 Generic and non-generic reference
5.2 Specific and non-specific reference
5.3 Definite and indefinite reference
6. Deixis
7. Example of deixis
8. Anaphora
9. Shifts in ways of referring
10. referential ambiguity
1. Definition of referents and referring expression.
2. example of referents and referring expression
3. Extension and Intension
4. Some different kinds of referents
4.1 unique and non unique referents
4.2 concrete and abstract
4.3 countable and uncountable
5. Different ways of referring
5.1 Generic and non-generic reference
5.2 Specific and non-specific reference
5.3 Definite and indefinite reference
6. Deixis
7. Example of deixis
8. Anaphora
9. Shifts in ways of referring
10. referential ambiguity
In corpus linguistics, a collocation is a series of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. In phraseology, collocation is a sub-type of phraseme. An example of a phraseological collocation, as propounded by Michael Halliday,[1] is the expression strong tea. While the same meaning could be conveyed by the roughly equivalent powerful tea, this expression is considered excessive and awkward by English speakers. Conversely, a corresponding expression in technology, powerful computer, is preferred over strong computer. Phraseological collocations should not be confused with idioms, where an idiom's meaning is derived from its convention as a stand-in for something else while collocation is a mere popular composition.
There are about six main types of collocations: adjective + noun, noun + noun (such as collective nouns), verb + noun, adverb + adjective, verbs + prepositional phrase (phrasal verbs), and verb + adverb.
Collocation extraction is a computational technique that finds collocations in a document or corpus, using various computational linguistics elements resembling data mining.
A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form according to its tense - present, past or future tenses.
By Arundathie Abeysinghe
Lecturer in English
International Aviation Academy (IAA)
SriLankan Airlines
This power point shows the differences between communicative and semantic translation and how they are related to overtranslation and undertranslation.
In corpus linguistics, a collocation is a series of words or terms that co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. In phraseology, collocation is a sub-type of phraseme. An example of a phraseological collocation, as propounded by Michael Halliday,[1] is the expression strong tea. While the same meaning could be conveyed by the roughly equivalent powerful tea, this expression is considered excessive and awkward by English speakers. Conversely, a corresponding expression in technology, powerful computer, is preferred over strong computer. Phraseological collocations should not be confused with idioms, where an idiom's meaning is derived from its convention as a stand-in for something else while collocation is a mere popular composition.
There are about six main types of collocations: adjective + noun, noun + noun (such as collective nouns), verb + noun, adverb + adjective, verbs + prepositional phrase (phrasal verbs), and verb + adverb.
Collocation extraction is a computational technique that finds collocations in a document or corpus, using various computational linguistics elements resembling data mining.
A verb indicates the time of an action, event or condition by changing its form according to its tense - present, past or future tenses.
By Arundathie Abeysinghe
Lecturer in English
International Aviation Academy (IAA)
SriLankan Airlines
This power point shows the differences between communicative and semantic translation and how they are related to overtranslation and undertranslation.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
1. Vocabulary in Context
How to hunt down the meaning of a
word by using the clues around it
{Click mouse to continue}
2. How to Navigate Through a
PowerPoint Workshop
This PowerPoint Presentation is
designed to be experienced as a
workshop. To ensure that you do not
miss important information, only use
your mouse at this prompt:
{Click mouse to continue}
{Click mouse to continue}
3. What is Vocabulary in
Context?
Our Final Calculation:
Calculation
Better Vocabulary Skills
Which =
Better Comprehension
Which =
Better Grades!
“Vocabulary”
(words in your text books)
+
“In Context”
(how those words relate to
the words around them)
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4. How Does Vocabulary in
Context work? Most writers leave
context clues as
they write. It is
our job as the
reader to hunt
them down!
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5. Context Clues
There are 4 main types of
Context Clues
The 4 Types
•
Rewording the word.
•
Giving its Synonym.
•
Giving its Antonym.
•
Giving us Details about
the word.
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6. Context Clues:
Rewording
Rewording is when the
author says the word in
another way, that is
typically easier to
understand.
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7. Context Clues:
Rewording
Let’s Look at an Example:
Resentment , a feeling of bitterness and
anger, is often felt by people who are
passed over for promotions.
What does the word resentment mean in
this sentence?
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9. Context Clues:
Rewording
If you wanted to find the meaning of the
word RESENTMENT the clue is right here.
Resentment, a feeling of bitterness and anger, is
often felt by people who are passed over for
promotions.
Resentment is:
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10. Context Clues: Rewording
Now You Give It A Try!
The Cruise family moved from their
dilapidated house, that was old and
run-down, into a brand new home.
What does the word
dilapidated mean here?
HINT: In REWORDING, the context
REWORDING
clues are often hidden between commas!
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11. Context Clues: Rewording
The Cruise family moved from
their dilapidated house, that was
Dilapidated means
old and run-down , into a brand
new home.
Did you find the Context Clue?
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12. Context Clues: Synonyms
A writer sometimes uses synonym context clues
to help with hard words. A synonym context
clue is one or two words that mean almost the
same as the one that the author does not
expect us to know.
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13. Context Clues:
Synonyms
Let’s Look at an Example:
The young girl was very aloof . She
always seemed unsociable,
unapproachable, and uninterested.
What does the word aloof mean in this
sentence?
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15. Context Clues:
Synonyms
The young girl was very
aloof. She always seemed
unsociable, unapproachable,
Our context clue is
and uninterested. HERE!
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16. Context Clues:
Synonyms
All three of
these words
are synonyms
to help us
with the
original word
aloof
The young girl was very
aloof. She always seemed
unsociable, unapproachable,
and uninterested.
The word aloof means:
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17. Context Clues:
Synonyms
Now You Give It A Try!
The three brothers began to
altercateover the game.
This was not the first time that they
had a dispute over it.
What does the word altercate mean here?
HINT: SYNONYM context clues are
often hidden in surrounding sentences!
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18. Context Clues:
Synonyms
The three brothers began to
altercate over the game.
Altercate means the
This was not the first time that
same as
they had a dispute over it.
Did you find any Context Clues????
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19. Context Clues: Antonyms
A writer is using antonym context clues when
they use a word with opposite meaning to give
us hints about the word that they don’t think
we will know.
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20. Context Clues: Antonyms
Let’s Look at an Example:
Dianna appeared to be a very moral
and upstanding young lady, but
those who knew her knew that she
was iniquitous.
What does the word iniquitous mean in
this sentence?
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22. Context Clues: Antonyms
The word BUT
tells us that the
two parts of the
sentence
represent opposite
points of view
about Dianna
There is a special word in this sentence
that hints at the presence of an antonym.
Dianna appeared to be a very
moral and upstanding young
lady, but those who knew her
knew that she was iniquitous.
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23. Context Clues: Antonyms
The two opposite
points of view
are:
Dianna appeared to be
therefore means the opposite of
a very
1. That Dianna is
moral and upstanding
moral and
young lady, but those
upstanding.
2. Iniquitous must mean evil and immoral
That she is
who knew her knew
iniquitous
that she was
iniquitous
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24. Context Clues: Antonyms
Now You Give It A Try!
David was very outgoing as opposed to
his coy older sister.
What does the word coy mean here?
HINT: ANTONYM context clues always have hint
words to tell us that there are opposites present!
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25. Context Clues: Antonyms
Did you find
the hint
words?
David was very outgoing
as opposed to
his coy older sister.
Coy must mean the
opposite of outgoing!
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26. Context Clues: Details
A writer is using details as context clues when
they give us explanations or examples as hints
about the word that they don’t think we will
know.
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27. Context Clues: Details
There are
several
different kinds
of Context
Clues that are
Details.
• Details that are
examples of the
unknown word.
• Details that tell why the
unknown word has taken
place.
• Details that explain how
the word relates to
other things the author
has stated.
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28. Context Clues: Details
Let’s Look at an Example:
Father was ecstatic because
Joshua decided to go to the college
that he wanted him to.
What does the word ecstatic mean in this
sentence?
{Click mouse to continue}
30. Context Clues: Details
There is a special word in this sentence
that hints at the presence of a
detail.
The word
Ecstatic
“Father was ecstatic
Ecstatic” was how Father felt
because Joshua decided to
go to the college that he
wanted him to.
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BECAUSE tells us
that the writer is
must mean
about to say why
the same
Father was
asecstatic.
happy!
31. Context Clues: Details
Now You Give It A Try!
Brian was expeditious when he left the
school building. He ran through the
halls, jumped in his car, and sped off.
What does the word expeditious mean here?
{Click mouse to continue}
32. Context Clues: Details
Did you figure out
what types of details
the writer is giving
us about how Brian
left school?
Brian was expeditious when he
How school leave?
left thedid Brian building.
He ran through the halls,
jumped in his car, and sped
off.
{Click mouse to continue}
33. Context Clues: Review
There are 4 main types of
Context Clues
Rewording the word.
Giving its Synonym.
Giving its Antonym.
Giving Details about it.
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34. Context Clues: Practice
s!
ue
cl
he
t
low
ol
f
to
rn The next few
tu
ur
slides are sentences
o
sy
with context clues that
ti
i
you can hunt out on your
ow
N
own. Write down your
answers as you go along.
{Click mouse to continue}
35. Context Clues: Practice #1
Mallery’s mom thought that the new
outfit that she had bought for her
was modish. Mallery did not want to
break it to her, but it was totally out
of style.
Questions:
Which type of context clue is being used here?
What does the word modish mean in this sentence?
{Click mouse to continue}
36. Context Clues: Practice #2
Insomnia, not being able to sleep at
night, can be linked to an excessive
intake of caffeine throughout the
day.
Questions:
Which type of context clue is being used here?
What does the word insomnia mean in this sentence?
{Click mouse to continue}
37. Context Clues: Practice #3
The woman enjoyed the savor of the
soup. It had a hint of spices
balanced with the perfect amount of
sweetness.
Questions:
Which type of context clue is being used here?
What does the word savor mean in this sentence?
{Click mouse to continue}
38. Context Clues: Practice #4
The day had proven to be very torrid .
Before the sun had even risen, it was
already hot outside.
Questions:
Which type of context clue is being used here?
What does the word torrid mean in this sentence?
{Click mouse to continue}
39. Context Clues: Practice #5
It is our custom that the bride and
groom only wear the finest raiment
on their wedding day.
Questions:
Which type of context clue is being used here?
What does the word raiment mean in this sentence?
{Click mouse to continue}
40. Context Clues: Practice #6
Though many types of birds fly in
groups, Eagles are birds of solitude.
Questions:
Which type of context clue is being used here?
What does the word solitude mean in this sentence?
{Click mouse to continue}
42. Context Clues:
Practice Answer #1
This context
clue was an
Antonym. Here,
modish means
the same as
stylish.
Mallery’s mom thought
that the new outfit
that she had bought
for her was modish.
Mallery did not want
to break it to her, but
it was totally out of
style.
{Click mouse to continue}
43. The context
clue here was
Rewording.
Here, insomnia
means not able
to sleep at
night.
Context Clues:
Practice Answer #2
Insomnia, not
being able to
sleep at night,
can be linked to
an excessive
intake of
caffeine
throughout the
day.
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44. Context Clues:
Practice Answer #3
The woman enjoyed
the savor of the
soup. It had a hint
of spices balanced
with the perfect
amount of sweetness.
This context
clue was a Detail.
Here, savor
means the same
as flavor.
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45. Context Clues:
Practice Answer #4
This context
clue was a
synonym. Here,
torrid means the
same as hot.
The day had proven to be very
torrid. Before the sun had even
risen, it was already hot outside.
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46. Context Clues:
Practice Answer #5
It is our
custom that
the bride and
groom only
wear the
finest raiment
on their
wedding day.
This context
clue was a Detail.
Here, raiment
means clothes.
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47. Context Clues:
Practice Answer #5
Though many types of birds fly in groups,
Eagles are birds of solitude.
This context clue was
an antonym. Here,
solitude means to be
alone.
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48. Job Well Done!
If you need more help with
Vocabulary in Context,
hunt us down on campus at:
The Learning Center
Room 100
Educational Services Building
