This document provides instructions and information for several assignments and activities, including: a vocabulary assignment on context clues and dictionary use; a reading assignment on summarization; and the introduction of literature circles where students will read and discuss one of three book choices in small groups. Students are given details on completing vocabulary work, a summary writing exercise, book selections, and the process for the literature circles.
Word Analogy Lesson English First Quarter 2020Teacher Jodi AA
https://youtu.be/ZS7kIl3tloI Follow me on my Youtube channel.Subscribe for more materials like this
Word Analogy Lesson for English First Quarter for Lesson Exemplar Material
Grade 7
Verbal ability is of the most important aspects of Aptitude tests. These tests are conducted by many organizations as a part of recruitment & Selection process.
Word Analogy Lesson English First Quarter 2020Teacher Jodi AA
https://youtu.be/ZS7kIl3tloI Follow me on my Youtube channel.Subscribe for more materials like this
Word Analogy Lesson for English First Quarter for Lesson Exemplar Material
Grade 7
Verbal ability is of the most important aspects of Aptitude tests. These tests are conducted by many organizations as a part of recruitment & Selection process.
ETL705 Week 6Semantics and the LexiconKey topics inBetseyCalderon89
ETL705 Week 6:
Semantics and the Lexicon
Key topics in Semantics
Sense and reference
Literal meaning
Figurative meaning
Lexical Semantics
Speech acts
Gricean maxims
Reference
presupposition
Sense and reference
Sense and reference, as we may simply say, are the two sides of a coin.
Reference (Denotation) is the person, the object, or anything that we are talking about and has a reference in the outside world.
Sense (Meaning) is related to the meaning, and the way the person or the object is referred to.
Activity
Identify the sense and reference of the word ‘unicorn’.
Literal vs. figurative meaning
The meaning that we draw ordinarily is called the literal meaning. The word ‘needle’ is literally defined as ‘a sharp instrument’. The non-literal meaning of ‘pain’ is not included in its dictionary definition. This is the connotative meaning that we get from ‘needle’. The denotation of the word refers (see reference in the previous slide) to the actual needle whereas the connotation, as one type of figurative meaning, is used for the sense (see sense in the previous slide).
Figurative meaning or figurative language is used for different purposes; e.g., for exaggeration, for analogy, and for metaphors, among other things. In literature it is often known as figure of speech.
Metaphors
The sentence ‘He is the apple of my eye’ – doesn’t refer to any kind of fruit; there is, of course, no real apple in a person's eye. The "apple" is someone beloved and held dear.
When we hear this statement, we interpret it metaphorically, that is, we go beyond the literal meaning.
Other examples:
a bubbly personality
feeling blue
a rollercoaster of emotions
it’s raining men
Since our daily use of language is full of metaphors, it is sometimes hard to draw a fine distinction between the literal and the metaphoric meaning. For this reason, some linguists prefer to consider them cognitively and not linguistically.
Activity
Think of 3 metaphors in English (or another language) and discuss
Metonymy
Metonymy is another kind of figure of speech which connotes habituality or association.
e.g.
‘The pen is mightier than the sword’
What about these?
The Crown
The White House
Dish
Ears
A hand
Australia
The semantics of homophony=homonymy
Homonyms:
When two words have the same spelling and pronunciation, but different meanings
I went to the bank (by the river or to withdraw some cash?).
This is an interesting case
Activity
Provide 2 homonyms.
(If the spelling is different but the sound is the same, e.g sea and see, they are homophones)
The semantics of polysemy
Polysemy (adj polysemous):
When a word has several meanings, such as the word ‘run’.
Compare:
He runs.
The paint runs.
The engine runs.
He has a runny nose.
The grass runs for a mile.
He runs this business.
The semantics of hyponymy
The word ‘gum’ or ‘gum tree’ is one kind of tree. The general word ‘tree’ is superordinate or hyponymous to the word ‘gum tree’.
Different t ...
The Student Guide To Writing Better Sentences In The English Classroom 2017 P...jpinnuck
This is not just another grammar book filled with dull exercises and pointless activities. Ideal for Year 9&10 students, The Student Guide To Writing Better Sentences In The English Classroom 2 looks at grammar in context by illustrating to students the parts of speech, punctuation and sentence structures which underpin these common text types:
* Text response analysis
* Persuasive writing
* Poetry analysis
* Creative writing
* Comparing and contrasting texts
* Reflective writing
* Analysing persuasive texts
Each chapter focuses on one text type, guiding students through the mechanics of how to produce sentences for every stage of the text. The Student Guide To Writing Better Sentences In The English Classroom 2 equips students to construct their own powerful sentences with comprehensive sets of examples, word lists and sentence crafting formulas.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. Vocabulary Assignment #1
Do one of two things for your words:
Write the definition/part of speech or
Write one of your sentences.
Please do not duplicate!!
Questions on the words?
While reading ―Brainology‖ did you come
across these words? Did it help you with the
reading?
3. Review Reading with a
Purpose
How difficult did you find the article?
Did the above strategy help you better
understand the article?
4. Attending college means
dealing with changes in our
life. You may…
Have just graduated from high school
Be coming back to school after several
years
Be raising a family
Living with your parents
Live five minutes away from PC
5. Attending college means
dealing with changes in our
life. You may…
Live in Terra Bella, Strathmore, Lindsay, or
even Visalia
Are looking for a change to do something
different
Are planning to transfer to a CSU, UC or
private university
Want to obtain an AA
6. How long have you been attending
college?
What have you had to change in
your personal and professional lives
as a result of being in college?
What do all college students have in
common?
All students have unique skills that
have already been developed in
your lives. You will apply these skills in
new situations.
7. What are some of the different types of
texts we might encounter in our
academic careers?
Textbooks
Internet sources
Novels
8. One of the adjustments, or changes you
encounter in college is having to read
more.
One key element to navigating
textbooks, journals, newspapers, and
other forms of academic reading is
identifying and defining important
vocabulary terms.
9. Context Clues –
You be the
detective.
This chapter will introduce
―context clues‖ which will
help you figure out the
meaning of certain words.
10. Vocabulary in Context
Why do we have a chapter on vocabulary?
There is a direct link between reading
comprehension and a reader’s vocabulary.
To get meaning from what they read,
successful readers need both a great many
words in their vocabularies and the ability to
use various strategies to establish the
meanings of new words when they encounter
them.
11. Context Clues
What do you do when you come across
a word that you do not know the
meaning of?
Do you skip the word
Ask someone else what it means?
Look it up in the dictionary?
The dictionary would be the logical
choice, but what if you are doing an
in-class assignment and forgot your
dictionary?
12. Authors and Context Clues
Writers and authors often include words or phrases to help their
readers understand the meaning of a new or difficult word.
As a reader you often need to act similar to a detective and put
together clues from sentences surrounding an unknown word.
You make an intelligent ―guess‖ as to what the definition of a word
is without having to look up the word in the dictionary.
Using context clues will help you by
saving you time when reading
adding to your vocabulary
13. Context Clues
Do you know the meaning of the word
consolidate?
Look at the cartoon on the next page
and see if the context—the words
surrounding the unfamiliar word—helps
you figure out the meaning of the word.
15. Frank and Ernest are seeking to combine all
their small debts into ―one giant nightmare‖
of a loan.
The context tells you that consolidate means
―combine into one.‖
16. Let’s look at the word
―conifer‖
Do you know what it means?
Let’s look at this word in different sentences.
Fifty conifers were delivered to the front door.
She opened the package and then planted the 50
conifers.
She planted the 50 conifers along the edge of her
property, each about 15 feet apart, and hoped they
would grow larger to eventually block the wind.
When the conifers were about 6 feet tall, she
planned to cut one down in December, bring it into
her house, and decorate it with lights and
ornaments.
17. Context Clues
There are five types of context clues
1. Definition or Synonym
2. Contrast or Antonym
3. Examples
4. General Sense of the Sentence
5. Information from Another
Sentence
18. Definition or Synonym
What is a synonym?
A synonym is a word that means
the same—or almost the same—
as another word.
Sometimes you can determine
the meaning of a word by
finding its synonym in the
sentence.
19. Which words in this cartoon help you
understand what humiliate means?
The words ―I feel worthless enough already‖ help
you understand that humiliate means ―to make
feel ashamed.‖
20. Synonyms & Definitions
Watch for words that indicate that you
are being given a definition, such as
defined as, means, is known as, the term is
called.
Watch for synonyms, words that mean the
same thing, such as big and large.
21. Contrast & Antonym
What is an antonym?
A word that means the opposite of
another word.
Which word in the cartoon is an
antonym of ―overwhelmed?‖
22. Contrast
Words that signal contrast
On the other hand
In contrast
However
But
Yet
Instead
Even though
Unlike
Although
23. Examples
A sentence may contain an example
or examples of an unfamiliar word.
Examples are probably the most direct
type of context clue.
The author uses a word and then gives
an example that describes or explains
it.
24. Example Context Clues
Authors will often use signal words
to let the reader know that an
example is coming.
For example
For instance
Such as
To illustrate
25. Look at the cartoon and see if the examples help
you understand the meaning of the word
commitment.
Commitment means
A. a promise to do something
B. an opinion about something
C. an opportunity for something
26. The cartoon gives three examples of commitment: a
30-year mortgage, a 5-year car lease, and a lifetime
gym membership.
These examples help you understand that
commitment means
―a promise to do something.‖
27. General Sense of the
Sentence
With context clues, the author usually
provides the meaning of a word with other
words that surround that particular word.
However, sometimes you need to look
carefully
at the entire sentence in which an unfamiliar
word appears to figure out the meaning of
the word.
There may be clues within the sentence that
help you figure out the word.
28. How does this cartoon about a job interview
help you understand what the word impressive
means?
The glowing reference (from the job
applicant’s mother!) helps you realize that
impressive means ―very favorable.‖
29. Information From Another
Sentence
Oftentimes we will need to look at the next
sentence in order to figure out an unknown
word.
Sometimes authors include information in
another sentence in the paragraph that
allows readers to determine the meaning of
an unfamiliar word.
Therefore, it is a good idea to keep reading
when you come across a word you do not
know.
30. Information from Another
Sentence
There has always been controversy over
euthanasia. Opponents argue that
doctor-assisted suicide is immoral.
What do you think euthanasia means?
Doctor-assisted suicide.
Is it 12:50? If so, let’s take a 5-minute
break, and when we come back, we will
review what we have learned.
31. What is a context clue?
a. An interesting word that authors like to
put in their stories.
b. Word or words surrounding an unknown
word that give a clue to the meaning of
the word.
c. A context clue is not a synonym or an
antonym
32. What does a contrast or
antonym context clue do?
a. It give a clue that is difficult to figure out.
b. It gives a word that is the opposite mean
of the word in question.
c. It is the same thing as a synonym.
33. What is a definition/synonym
context clue?
a. A synonym context clue is a word that is
similar or the same of the word in
question. Or the definition is given.
b. A synonym context clue is the same
thing as an antonym context clue.
c. Synonyms are not used as context clues.
34. General Sense of the
Sentence Context Clues…
a. give a general definition of the word.
b. are more difficult to understand;
therefore, you must read the passage
very carefully.
c. provide the topic of the sentence.
35. An example context clue
a. Is when in which you have to figure out
what the definition is.
b. Is when the author provides examples of
what the word means.
c. Is the same thing as a definition context
clue.
36. Martin had acted in a juvenile manner.
Yelling, screaming, and calling the bank
teller names had been childish and
immature.
Juvenile means:
A. childish. B. serious. C. noticeable.
Which words are the context clues?
a. Acted
b. Had been
c. Immature
37. Martin had acted in a juvenile manner.
Yelling, screaming, and calling the bank
teller names had been childish and
immature.
What type of context clue is used in the
above sentence?
a. Synonym
b. Antonym
c. Example
d. General sense of the sentence
38. When I was sick with the flu, my favorite spicy
foods looked awful to me; all I wanted was
bland foods such as broth and toast.
Bland means:
A. fattening. B. dull. C. expensive
Which word(s) are the context clues?
a. sick, flu
b. Spicy foods
c. Broth and toast
39. What type of context clue is
used in this sentence?
When I was sick with the flu, my favorite
spicy foods looked awful to me; all I wanted
was bland foods such as broth and toast.
a. Definition/Synonym
b. Antonym
c. Example
d. General sense of the passage
40. In the ―Coca Cola‖ case, Sarah Jones pled
guilty Friday to the extreme crime of computer
crime and identity theft while her mother, Carrie
Jones, pled guilty to the lesser charge of
computer crime.
Extreme means:
a. great in degree b. moderate c. ridiculous
What type of context clue is used & which word(s) are
the clues?
a. Definition/Synonym-crime
b. Contrast/Antonym-lesser
c. Example-computer crime
d. General sense of the sentence-the entire
sentence.
41. When it comes to flying saucers, most
scientists are skeptics—they question why
no spaceships have ever landed in public
places.
Skeptics means:
A. supporters B. doubters C. victims.
What type of context clue is used?
a. Synonym or definition
b. Antonym/contrast
c. Example
d. General sense of the sentence
42. What makes sense to you might be
foreign to someone else. You cannot
assume that what is clear to you will also
be clear to your audience.
What type of context clue is being used?
Information from another sentence.
45. Summarizing
When we summarize a text, we focus on
figuring the big ideas and condensing the
information provided in the text.
Summarizing is a critical skill for both
readers and writers because it not only
helps us understand the main ideas, but
also helps us explain the text in writing to
those who have not read it
46. Summarizing
During the last hour of class (unless time
permits earlier), we will read the first chapter
of Drive. (Distribute assignment)
While you read, keep track of any information
you might need to summarize what you think
the author is trying to communicate to you.
Reread and review your notes, then write a
one-page summary of the text. Your summary
should be written so that someone who has
not read this text can understand the main
idea.
48. The Literature Circle
Distribute
We will have two different circles.
You will choose from one of three books:
Freedom Writers Diary
The Happiness Project
The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game
You may purchase your book on line.
(They are not sold in the bookstore.)
49. The Literature Circle
The first literature circle will start on
9/10/13. Next Thursday I will give you a
sign-up sheet for the books. You will put
your books in preference order. The
second literature circle will start week 9,
and you will do this circle with Mrs. Long.
Let me tell you just a little about each
book.
50. Freedom Writers Diary
As an idealistic twenty-three-year-old English teacher at
Wilson High School in Long beach, California, Erin Gruwell
confronted a room of ―unteachable, at-risk‖ students. One
day she intercepted a note with an ugly racial caricature,
and angrily declared that this was precisely the sort of thing
that led to the Holocaust—only to be met by
uncomprehending looks. So she and her students, using the
treasured books Anne Frank: The Diary of a Young Girl and
Zlata’s Diary: A Child’s Life in Sarajevo as their guides,
undertook a life-changing, eye-opening, spirit-raising
odyssey against intolerance and misunderstanding. They
learned to see the parallels in these books to their own lives,
recording their thoughts and feelings in diaries and
dubbing themselves the ―Freedom Writers‖ in homage to
the civil rights activists ―The Freedom Riders.‖
Author: Erin Gruwell
51. The Blind Side: Evolution of a
Game
One day Michael Oher will be among the most highly paid
athletes in the National Football League. When we first
meet him, he is one of thirteen children by a mother
addicted to crack; he does not know his real name, his
father, his birthday, or how to read or write. He takes up
football, and school, after a rich, white, evangelical family
plucks him from the streets. Then two great forces alter
Oher: the family's love and the evolution of professional
football itself into a game in which the quarterback must
be protected at any cost. Our protagonist becomes the
priceless package of size, speed, and agility necessary to
guard the quarterback's greatest vulnerability: his blind
side.
This is an autobiography (nonfiction) by Michael Oher.
52. The Happiness Project
Gretchen Rubin had an epiphany one rainy afternoon in the
unlikeliest of places: a city bus. "The days are long, but the
years are short," she realized. "Time is passing, and I'm not
focusing enough on the things that really matter." In that
moment, she decided to dedicate a year to her happiness
project.
In this lively and compelling account, Rubin chronicles her
adventures during the twelve months she spent test-driving the
wisdom of the ages, current scientific research, and lessons
from popular culture about how to be happier. Among other
things, she found that novelty and challenge are powerful
sources of happiness; that money can help buy happiness,
when spent wisely; that outer order contributes to inner calm;
and that the very smallest of changes can make the biggest
difference.
Also nonfiction by Gretchen Rubin.
53. The Literature Circle
There will be five people in each group. I
am going to assign groups alphabetically.
Once I have done this, please get into
your groups and nominate a
―coordinator‖ of the group.
The Literature Circle will meet every two
weeks.
During this time, you will read the assigned
pages and complete your ―role.‖
54. Literature Circle
At each Literature Circle meeting, you will
present to your group.
Also, one person from each group will
present to the entire class.
55. For next week
If you don’t finish in class, complete the
Drive Ch. 1 summary assignment.
Entryways Ch. 4: Chapter Check page 93,
review exercises pp. 94-98.
Read Drive Chapter 4.