The document discusses vitamins, their classification, sources, and recommended daily allowances. It covers Vitamins A, D, E, K, and the B vitamins (thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, biotin, folic acid, cobalamin, ascorbic acid). For each vitamin, it provides information on deficiency diseases, rich dietary sources, and recommended intake amounts for different age groups and physiological states.

1. By SUSHANT LUITEL
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
1
AN ASSIGNMENT ON VITAMIN

2. INTRODUCTION
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
2
 Vitamins may be regarded as organic compounds
required in the diet in small amounts to perform
specific biological functions for normal
maintenance of optimum growth and health of the
organism

3. CLASSIFICATION
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
3

4. VITAMIN A (RETINOL)
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
4
 Rich Source:
 Animal Source: Milk ,Butter, Cheese, ghee, milk
cow, Fish, liver
 Vegetables source: yellow pigmented beta
carotene
 Carrot –It contains significant quantity of beta
carotene
 Papaya ,pumpkin, mango, green leafy vegetables
 Deficiency:
 Night blindness
 Conjunctival Xerosis
 Bigot’s spots
 Corneal Xerosis
 Keratomalacia

5. Recommended Daily Allowance:
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
5
 For infants:
 0-6 months: 350mcg
 6-12 months: 350mcg
 Children
 1-6 years: 400mcg
 7-9 years: 600mcg
 Adolescents
 10-17 years: 600mcg
 Adult
 Man: 600mcg
 Woman: 600mcg
 Pregnancy: 800mcg
 Lactation: 950 mcg

6. VITAMIN D (CALCIFEROL, CHOLECALCIFEROL)
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
6
Deficiency:
 Rickets
Rich Source:
 Exposure to sunlight
 Cholecalciferol more over fish, liver and egg yolk
 Milk contains moderate quantity of vitamins D
Daily Requirements:
 Children - 10 microgram (400 IU /day )
 Adults - 5 microgram (200 IU /day )
 Pregnancy , lactation – 10 microgram /day
 Above the age of 66 – 600 IU per day

7. VITAMIN E (TOCOPHEROL)
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
7
Rich Source:
 Vegetable oil ,Cotton seed, sunflower
seed egg yolk, and butter
Daily Requirements:
 Male 10 mg per day
 Female 8 mg per day
 Pregnancy 10 mg per day
 Lactation 12 per day


8. VITAMIN K(PHYLLOQUINONE)
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
8
Rich Source:
 Green leafy Vegetables
Daily Requirements:
50-100 mg /day .This is usually available in normal diet.

9. VITAMIN B1 (THIAMINE)
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
9
Deficiency :Beriberi.
Source :
 Beans legumes and seeds
 Meat fish egg
 Whole grain nuts
 Dairy yeast ,nuts
 Certain vegetable such as asparagus acorn spinach.
 Almonds, ground nuts
RDA (recommended dietary allowance)
 For men age of 19 and older 1.2 mg daily
 For women in the same age range 1.1 mg daily
 For pregnancy and lactation the amount increase to 1.4 mg
daily

10. VITAMIN B2 (RIBOFLAVIN )
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
10
Deficiency:
Angular stomatitis which occur frequently in malnourished children.
Source:
 Liver , yeast ,egg and whole milk
 Good sources are: fish whole cereals, legumes and green leafy vegetables.
Daily requirements
 Adults on sedimentary work require about 1.5 mg per day.
 During pregnancy, lactation and old age additional 0.3 mg per day are required.

11. VITAMIN B3 (NIACIN )
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
11
Deficiency pellagra.
Dietary source of Niacin
 Dried yeast, rice polishing , liver peanut whole cereals legumes meat and fish.
RDA (recommended daily allowance)
 Normal requirement is 20 mg per day.
 During lactations, additional 5 mg are required.

12. VITAMIN B5 (PANTOTHENIC ACID)
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
12
Source :
 It is widely distributed in plants and animal
 Yeast ,liver and eggs are good source
Daily Requirement:
 RDA assumed to be about 10 mg per day.

13. VITAMIN B6 (PYRIDOXINE )
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
13
Source:
 Yeast, rice polishing wheat germs cereals, legumes (pulses) oil seeds egg,
milk meat, fish green leafy vegetables.
Daily Requirement
 adults needs to 1 to 2 mg/day
 during lactation the requirement is increased 2.5 mg /day.

14. VITAMIN B7 (BIOTIN )
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
14
Sources
 Liver ,yeast peanut ,soybean
 Milk ,egg , and yolk are rich source
Daily Requirement
 About 200-300mg will meet the daily required.

15. VITAMIN B9 (FOLIC ACID )
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
15
Source
 Rich source - yeast , green leafy vegetables ,
 Moderate source are - cereals pulses of oil seeds and egg.
Requirements:
 The requirement of free folate is 200 microgram per day.

16. VITAMIN B12 (CYANOCOBALAMINS )
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
16
Deficiency :megaloblasteic anemia.
Source
 Animal liver, tuna trout, fortified cereals, milk and dairy products eggs.
Daily Requirements
 Adult – 2.4 microgram /day

17. VITAMIN C ASCORBIC ACID)
9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
17
Deficiency: Scurvy
Rich source
 Alma (Indian gooseberry), guava, lime, tomato, lemon.
Requirements
 Infants :25mg/d
 Children and adoleecents:40mg/d
 Man :40 mg/d
 Women:40mg/d
 Pregnant women and lactation:60 and 80mg/d

18. 9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
18

19. 9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
19

20. 9/7/2021
SUSHANT LUITEL
20