Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees to make room for other land uses. It leads to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming by reducing the number of trees that absorb carbon dioxide. The top five causes of deforestation are agricultural expansion, livestock ranching, logging, infrastructure expansion, and overpopulation. In Nepal, over-harvesting of fuelwood and fodder, forest fires, grazing, slash and burn cultivation, and timber extraction are the major causes of deforestation. Between 1990 and 2005, Nepal lost 24.5% of its forest cover, or around 1,181,000 hectares, with an annual deforestation rate decreasing from 1.9% to 1.35% over that period

1. Deforestation
By
Sushant Luitel
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2. Definition
• Deforestation is the permanent removal of trees to make room for
something besides forest. This can include clearing the land for
agriculture or grazing, or using the timber for fuel, construction or
manufacturing. Forests cover more than 30% of the Earth's land
surface, according to the World Wildlife Fund.
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3. Effects of Deforestation
• Gases such as methane and carbon dioxide trap heat in Earth's
atmosphere, leading change in climate. Trees absorb the carbon
dioxide and release oxygen and water into the atmosphere and this
contributes to global warming. Deforestation leads to the emission of
greenhouse gas.
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4. Five main causes of Deforestation
• Agricultural Expansion:
• Livestock Ranching:
• Logging:
• Infrastructure Expansion:
• Overpopulation:
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5. Agricultural Expansion:
• Agricultural expansion describes
the growth of agricultural land in
the 21st century as a direct
consequence of human
overpopulation with an estimated
10 to 11 billion humans by end of
this century and the required
food and energy security.
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6. Livestock Ranching:
• Ranching is the practice of raising
herds of animals on large tracts of
land. Ranchers commonly raise
grazing animals such as cattle and
sheep. Some ranchers also raise
elk, bison, ostriches, emus etc
The ranching and livestock
industry is growing faster than
any other agricultural sector in
the world.
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7. Logging:
• Logging is the cutting, skidding,
on-site processing, and loading of
trees or logs onto trucks or
skeleton cars. Logging is the
process of cutting trees,
processing them, and moving
them to a location for transport.
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8. Infrastructure Expansion:
• Infrastructure is the term for the
basic physical systems of a
business or nation—
transportation, communication,
sewage, water, and electric
systems are all examples
of infrastructure. These systems
tend to be high-cost investments
and are vital to a country's
economic development and
prosperity.
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9. Overpopulation:
• Overpopulation is an undesirable
condition where the number of
existing human population
exceeds the carrying capacity of
Earth. Overpopulation is caused
by number of factors. Reduced
mortality rate, better medical
facilities, depletion of precious
resources are few of the causes
which results in overpopulation.
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10. Causes of Deforestation on Nepal:
• Deforestation is one of the major environmental issues in Nepal.
• Over-harvesting of fuel wood and fodder, forest fire, lopping and
grazing, slash and burn cultivation, and timber extraction are
generally considered to be the major factors responsible for
deforestation and forest degradation.
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11. Rate Deforestation in Nepal:
• Between 1990 and 2000, Nepal lost an average of 91,700 hectares of forest per year.
• This amounts to an average annual deforestation rate of 1.90%.
• However, between 2000 and 2005, the rate of deforestation decreased by 28.9% to
1.35% per year.
• In total, between 1990 and 2005, Nepal lost 24.5% of its forest cover, or around
1,181,000 hectares.
• 42,000 hectares of its primary forest cover was last during that time.
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12. Control measure of Deforestation
• Plant a tree (afforestation)
• Use less paper
• Recycle paper and cardboard
• Use recycled product
• Buy only sustainable wood
• Don’t buy products containing palm oil
• Do not burn firewood excessively
• Practices eco- forestry
• Raise awareness
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