1. Gender-based violence is violence directed against a person because of their gender and can include verbal, physical, sexual, and psychological abuse. 2. The UN defines violence against women as any act resulting in physical, sexual, or mental harm, including threats of such acts. 3. Gender-based violence is fueled by inequitable gender norms and can affect people at different stages of life, ranging from intimate partner violence to child marriage.

1. Sushant Luitel
GENDER BASED Violence

2. INTORDUCTION
 Gender based violence is violence directed against a person because of
that person's gender or violence that affects persons of a
particular gender disproportionately.
 Gender-based violence can also be defined as acts or threats of sexual,
physical or psychological violence happening around us.
 This type of violence is due to gender norms and stereotypes.
 It can include verbal abuse, bullying, sexual abuse, harassment and
other types of violence.

3. Definitions
 The United Nations defines violence against women as "any act
of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in,
physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including
threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty,
whether occurring in public or in private life."

4. Continue..
 Gender-Based Violence is 'any act of gender-based violence that
results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological
harm or suffering to women. This includes threats of violence,
coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in
public or private

5. Cont.…
Gender based violence is fuelled in large part by inequitable gender
norms. It can affect people at different points in their lives and ranges
from intimate partner violence to sexual coercion and abuse to child
marriage.

6. Cont.…
 The most common form of violence experienced by women globally
is physical violence inflicted by an intimate partner.
 Violence against women not only constitutes a gross violation of
human rights but also has enormous social and economic costs

7. Types of Gender based violence
 The term "sexual and other forms of gender-based violence"
comprises not only rape and attempted rape, but also
 sexual abuse
 sexual exploitation
 forced early marriage
 domestic violence
 marital rape
 trafficking and
 female genital mutilation.

8. Cont.…
• Physical violence.
• Verbal violence.
• Psychological violence..
• Socio-economic violence.
• Domestic violence or in intimate relationships.
• Harassment

9. Public health responsibilities to
preventing violence

10. Role and responsibilities
 The epidemiology of violence: The public health community has a key role
 Evidence-based violence prevention: Good scientific evidence is an essential
 Asset based community development and international development
 Primary prevention
 Secondary prevention – early intervention
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11.  Tertiary prevention of violence – mitigation and response
 New public mental health and conflict resolution:
 The role of public health in conflict resolution:
 The Faculty of Public Health role as an educational body
 The leadership role of public health:
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12. 1. The epidemiology of violence: The public health community has a key role monitoring violence
as major health threats. In England, increasingly, as part of partnership working, local areas are
adopting information sharing approaches to tackling violence, particularly in adult and children’s
safeguarding and in city centre crime involving alcohol.
2. Evidence-based violence prevention: Good scientific evidence is an essential part of a public
health approach to violence prevention. There is a rich evidence base for primary prevention of
violence, particularly in developed countries. This includes extensive evidence for the effectiveness
of early years and young people’s interventions, parenting training and control of violent and
addictive behaviours. Preventive measures analogous to the prevention of an infectious agent, an
addiction, and measures at different points in the life course are also important
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13. 3. Asset based community development and international development: We need an
asset-based approach, recognising all the strengths and resources – natural, human,
educational, economic and environmental – available to a community to improve its
security and health. This favours human development over pre-occupation with economic
growth, which may increase inequalities, and fail to grow social and educational support
or improve health.
4. Primary prevention: The key role and responsibility of the public health community
in this area is to prevent violence. Public health practitioners and policy makers are
uniquely placed to address inequalities and root causes of conflict in local, community
and international situations. Primary prevention of conditions forviolence should be our
main objective
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14. 5. Secondary prevention – early intervention: Where it is not possible to prevent violence, early
intervention should be undertaken to mitigate further escalation. This involves early warning and
intervention, de-escalation and conflict handling, alongside effective planning.
6. Tertiary prevention of violence – mitigation and response: Faculty of Public Health (FPH)
systems and public health professionals must be effectively mobilized in response to violent
conflicts. Tertiary prevention involves response, treatment and rehabilitation, as well as
reconstruction and resolution.
7. New public mental health and conflict resolution: New learning from brain science,
psychology and public mental health fields needs to be applied in developing violence prevention
strategies, humanitarian aid and conflict resolution. Discussion of power differences is important
and can be part of recognising our common human and civil rights.
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15. 8. The role of public health in conflict resolution: Public health is neutral territory in which enemies can
come together. As a professional body with a respected membership throughout the world, our first response
to violent conflict should be to behave as honest broker. We should seek to bring together public health
specialists on different sides of a conflict to create a dialogue aimed at influencing peaceful resolution and
rapprochement.
9. The Faculty of Public Health role as an educational body: FPH will review educational materials on
violence for our curriculum and look to accredit relevant interdisciplinary resources and courses on violence
as a public health problem. FPH special interest groups are encouraged to take forward the prevention agenda
from local to international levels. Our Global Health Committee will play a role and developing ethics and
values work will be vital.
10. The leadership role of public health: FPH professionals need to take up leadership roles in prevention,
control and response to violence, at local, national and international level. Public health professionals should
be actively involved in the measurement and surveillance of all forms of violence, in advocating for effective
interventions and monitoring of outcomes and in partnerships to promote safeguarding and crime and
disorder 6/22/2021
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16. Role of social media to prevent violence
 The use of social media tools such as Facebook, You Tube and blogging sites have become part of the daily
lives of millions of people in Asia.
 As of June 2012, Asia has more than 1,076,000,000 internet users - more than any other region of the world
- and accounts for 45 percent of internet users worldwide. While internet penetration rates are only 28
percent, Asia - particularly amongst youth - is the world’s fastest growing and largest segment of social
network users in the world.
 Around the globe, social media tools have helped fuel social movements. Social media has been shown to
strengthen social actors’ ability to challenge and change power relations in society, providing platforms for
debate, reflection, influencing and mobilizing people.
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17. Role of media
 Primary prevention of violence against women describes all efforts to stop
violence before it starts.
 Prevention focuses on identifying and addressing underlying causes of
violence to minimize the chance that violence happens in the first place.
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18. What social media can
What changes are needed to
prevent VAW and to contribute to
a decrease in the prevalence of
violence?
Which ones of these CAN social
media influence?
Change people’s perceptions; we
need to change stereotypical
perceptions around gender
inequality in intimate relationships –
for example, that the man is the
head of the household and the wife
should always obey her husband.
Can help change
perceptions/awareness through
sharing knowledge.
Laws and policies that promote
gender equality; political will.
Engage/put pressure on government
organizations responsible for
addressing gender/ violence against
women and lawmakers to increase
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19. What changes are needed to
prevent VAW and to contribute to
a decrease in the prevalence of
violence?
Which ones of these CAN social
media influence?
Change social acceptance of
violence; harmful ideas of
masculinity and femininity.
Can challenge harmful norms
through images that counter the
objectification of women,
alternative forms of non-
violent, gender equitable
masculinities that are based on
peace, caring and positive
communication.
Change perception that violence
is private, not a social issues
Social media can bring stories
to the public that challenge
notions that violence is private.
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20. Role of family member to prevent domestic violence in
women
 Avoid dowry system, child marriage
 Promote women education and empowerment
 Create safe, respectful, lovely, caring and open environment at home
 Can change bad perception on gender role
 Equal distribution of economic and decision making power
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21. Role of family member to prevent domestic violence in
children
 Provide safe and secure home environment
 Adults must listen to them, good believe them and shelter
them.
 Provide a sense of routine and normal
 Provide support services to meet their needs.
 To give lesson on violence is wrong and learn non-violent
methods of resolving conflicts
 adults to speak out and break the silence.
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22. Role of family on consequences of violence
 Provide the health care services. actively identify
challenges and solve problems associated with their
illness.
 Monitoring physical indicators;
 Managing complex medication regimens;
 Maintaining proper levels of nutrition, diet, and exercise;
 Adjusting to the psychological and social demands,
including difficult lifestyle adjustments; and
 Engaging in effective interactions with health care
providers.
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23.  Keep rehabilitation center if needed
 Promote to adopt healthy life style
 Proper counseling-for psychological support
 Support and care
 Create open and friendly environment at home.
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