Vital statistics are systematically collected numerical data relating to vital events like births, deaths, marriages, etc. They are collected through various methods and sources like census reports, registration of vital events, sample registration system, disease notification records, hospital records, etc. This data is then presented using various methods like tables, charts, graphs for analysis and interpretation. Maintaining accurate and complete vital records and statistics is important for public health monitoring, research, and policy planning.

3. INTRODUCTION
The term vital statistics denote the facts
which are systematically collected & compiled in
numerical form relating to the vital events namely
birth,death,marriage,divorce
adoption,recognition,legtimation or legal
separation.

4. MEANING/CONCEPT
 The word “Statistics ” was first used by Prof.Gottfried
Achen Wall (1719-1772)
 Statistics- Italian word “Statista”- Statesman
 German Word – “Statistik” – Political state

5. DEFINITION
Vital Statistics are conventional numerical
records of marriages,births,sickness & death by
which the health & growth of a community may
be studied.
- By Benjamin.

6. TERMINOLOGY
 a) Live birth: the complete expulsion or extraction from its
mother of a product of conception, irrespective of the duration
of pregnancy.
 b) Death: the permanent disappearance of all evidence of life at
any time after live birth has taken place.
 c) Foetal death: death prior to the complete expulsion or
extraction from its mother of a product of conception,
irrespective of the duration of pregnancy.

7. Contnd….
 d) Marriage: the act, ceremony or process by which the legal
relationship of husband and wife is constituted; The legality of the
union may be established by civil., religious or other means as
recognized by the laws of each country
 e) Divorce : the final dissolution of a marriage, that is, the separation
of husband and wife which confers; on the parties the right to
remarriage under civil, religious and or other provisions., according to
the laws of each country.
 f) Annulment: the invalidation or voiding of a- marriage by a
competent authority, according to the laws of each country, which
confers on the parties the status of never having been married to each
other.

8. Contnd
 g) Judicial separation: the disunion of married persons, according to
the laws of each country, without conferring on the parties the right to
remarry.
 h) Adoption: the legal and voluntary taking and treating of, the child
of other parents as one's own, in so far as provided by the laws of each
country.
 i) Legitimation: the formal investing of a person with the status
and rights of legitimacy, according to the laws of each country.
 j) Recognition : the legal acknowledgment, either voluntarily or
compulsorily, of the maternity or paternity of an illegitimate
child

9. USES/SCOPE OF VITAL
STATISTICS
 To evaluate the impact of various national health programmes.
 To plan for better future measures of disease control
 To describe the level of community health
 To diagnose community illness
 To discover solutions to help the problems

10. Contnd
 To promote health legislation
 To create administrative standards of health activities
 To know the met and unmet needs
 To demand public support for health work
 To compare the local and national and international health
status of the people
 To conduct research on particular health problems
 To measure health status of the people.

11. LEGISLATION
IN
VITAL STATISTICS

12. BIRTH AND DEATH
REGISTRATION ACT
 The registration of birth and death act was introduced in
Rajya Sabah in 1969.the act came into force on 1 April 1970
 A birth or death has to be reported for registration ,within 21
days of occurrence. Free copy of the certificate can be
obtained at the time.
 Birth and death registration is to be done at the place of
occurrence.
 Any birth or death registration after the expiry days ,shall be
registered on payment of a late fees.
 Information of birth and death given to the registrar,but
within one year shall be registered only with written
permission of the officer with late fees

13. Contnd
 Information of birth and death not reported within one
year shall be registered only on orders of first class
judicial magistrate with late fees
 Entry of name of the child is a must, and can be done free of
cost within 12 months from the date of registration .After 12
months the name can be registered by paying fee. However
name cannot be registered after 15 years, name once entered
cannot be changed.

14. Contnd
 It is the responsibility of the Medical officer in charge of
the hospital or Primary Health Centre where the delivery
/death has taken place ,to report for registration.
 It is the responsibility of the house hold /nearest relative to
report the birth/death that takes place in households.

16. MARRIAGE REGISTRATION
ACT-1955
 Registration of Marriage under Tamilnadu Registration of
marriage act.
 Marriages solemnized under any personal law can be registered.
 Bridegroom/Bride should have completed 21/18 years
respectively
 It can be registered within 90 days without fine and within 90-
150 days with fine. After that it can't be registered.
 Proof of marriage
 The following place should fall within the jurisdiction of the
Registering officer:
Solemnization place.

17. PROOF FOR
REGISTERATION
1 . MARRAGE
Wedding Invitation (or)
Temple/Church Marriage
Receipts (or)
Any proof of marriage
solemnization
2. RESIDENCE
Voter ID Card (or)
Ration Card (or)
Driving License (or)
Passport or Visa
3. AGE
Birth Certificate (or)
School/College Certificate (or)
Passport / Visa
4. Witnesses Id card for minimum two witness
to be produced
4 Passport Size Photograph Of
Bride/Bridegroom

18. INDIAN DIVORCE ACT-1869
 Mutual Consent Divorce
 Contested Divorce
 Time duration for obtaining divorce varies from case to case &
place to place
 Mutual Consent Divorce varies from 4 weeks to 7 months and
more
 Contested divorce proceedings take approximately 18 to 24
months

19. ADOPTION ACT-2000
Who can Adopt
 To a person irrespective of marital status; or
 To parents to adopt a child of the same sex irrespective of
the number of living biological sons or daughters, or
 To a childless couple

20. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
 No child may be given in adoption to a couple unless they
have at least two years of stable marital relationship
 Couples in live-in relationship are not eligible to adopt a
child
 To adopt a child in the age group of 0-3 years, the
individual age not be less than 25 years and more than 50
years
 To adopt children above three years of age, the individual
age should not be less than 25 years and more than 55
years

21. Contnd
 In case, a single person desires to adopt, he or she should
not be less than 30 years of age and shall not be above the
age of 50 years.
 They should have adequate financial resources to provide a
good upbringing to the child.
 They should have good health and should not be suffering
from any contagious or terminal disease or any such mental
or physical condition.
 Adoption of a second child is permissible only when the
legal adoption of the first child has been finalized but this is
not applicable in case of siblings
 An un-married or single male person is not permitted to
adopt a girl child.

22. SOURCES OF VITAL
STATISTICS

23. SOURCES OF VITAL STATISTICS
Census
Registration of vital events
Sample Registration System
Notification of disease
Hospital Records
Disease Register
Record Linkage
Epidemiological surveillance
Environmental health data
Manpower Statistics
Other health service records

24. CENSUS
Census is an important source of health information
It is the total process of collecting ,compiling and
publishing demographic, economic and social data
pertaining at a specific time or times, to all persons in a
country.
First census taken in 1881 ,taken in 10 years interval .Last
census held in March 2011

25. Census 2011 report
Population Total 1,210,726,932
Males 623,121,843
Females 587,447,730
Literacy Total 72.99%
Males 80.89%
Females 64.64%
Density of population
per km2 382
Sex ratio
per 1000 males 940 females
Child sex ratio (0–6 age
group) per 1000 males 919 female

26. REGISTRATION OF VITAL
EVENTS
 It is the legal registration statistical
recording and reporting of the
occurrence of statistics and the
collection, compilation ,
presentation, analysis and
distribution of statistics pertaining
to vital events i.e., live
births,deaths,fetal
deaths,marriages,divorces,adoption,
legitimations,recognitions,
annulments and legal separation.

27. Importance Of Registration Of Birth
& Death
Important of Births Certificate
 For first Admission in the School.
 For travelling abroad.
 For applying passport.
 For entry in the family Ration Card.
 For entry in the Government service.
 For any other matter that requires Births Certificate.
Importance of Deaths Certificate
 To obtained heirship Certificate
 For claim of Family pension, Insurance etc and any other benefit
which may be derived from the deceased person.

28. SAMPLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM
 It is used to provide reliable estimates of birth and death
rates at the national and state level.
 It is the dual records system, consisting of continuous
enumerations of birth and deaths by an enumerator and an
independent survey every 6 months by an investigator or
supervisor

29. NOTIFICATION OF DISEASE
 Notification provides valuable information about the
fluctuations in disease frequency.
 It also provides early warning about new occurrence
or outbreaks of disease.

30. HOSPITAL RECORDS
 The hospital records provides
information about
age,sex,diagnosis,
time interval between occurrence
and hospital admission and
distribution of patients according
to different social and biological
characteristics.

31. DISEASE REGISTER
 Morbidity register enlists not only
certain diseases and conditions but
also provides information about the
duration of illness ,case fatality
and survival.
 These registers allow follow up of
patients and provide a continuous
account of the frequency of disease
in the community.

32. RECORD LINKAGE
 Medical record linkage implies the assembly and
maintenance for each individual in a population ,of a
file of the more important records relating to his
health.
 The events commonly recorded are birth,
death,marriage,hospital admission and discharge.

33. EPIDEMIOLOGICAL SURVEILLANCE
 It is the system used to
report on the occurrence of
new cases an done efforts
to control diseases.

34. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH DATA
 It is helpful in identification
and qualification of causative
factors of disease .
 Collection of environmental
data plays an essential role to
ascertain major problems for
the future.

35. MAN POWER STATISTICS
 It is an information about
physicians,dentists,pharmacists,
veterinarians,hospital nurses,
medical technicians.
 Their records are maintained by
the state medical
/dental/nursing council and the
directorates of medical
education.

36. OTHER HEALTH SERVICE
RECORDS
 It includes outpatient
department, primary health
centre,subcentres,polyclinic,
private practitioners,MCH
centres,school health records,
diabetes and hypertensive
clinics ,etc.

37. VITAL HEALTH RECORDS
Birth register
Foetal death Death register
register
Morbidity register
Marriage
register
Divorce Register
Adoption Register
RECORDS

38. Methods of
collecting data

39. METHODS OF COLLECTING
DATA
 PRIMARY DATA
Collection is done by
individuals
Types:
Interviews
Observation
Questionnaires
Diaries
Critical incidents
 SECONDARY DATA
Data collected
indirectly i.e., not directly
from individuals but from
other sources.
Example:
Hospital records
Census data

40. Interview method
 Interviews are undertaken on
personals, one to one basis or
in a group.
 It can be conducted at
homes, work as well as any
fixed location which was
agreed by both parties.

41. Contnd…..
ADVANTAGES
 Helps to collect in depth
information
 Feed back and response rate
is good
 Information is recorded
immediately and is
complete
DISADVANTAGES
 E xpensive and time
consuming
 Training is required
 There can be respondent
bias such as pleasing
tendency…
 Pre-fixed set of questions
are required.

42. Observation
 It is the method to record
behavioural pattern of people
in a systematic manner.
 It provides information what is
actually observed but bias will
be there ,as two observers has
observed the behavioural
pattern differently.

43. QUESTIONNAIRES
 These are the most common form of data collection
 It takes time to design to gather data from individuals
about knowledge attitudes and beliefs and feelings.
 It does not require any interaction between the
investigator and respondent

44. DIARIES
 Diaries are to record the data obtained from the individuals.
 The data from the people which was expressed in depth can
be recorded and utilized for research purposes.

45. CRITICAL INCIDENTS
Set of procedures for
collecting direct observations
of human behaviour in such a
way as to facilitate their
potential usefulness in solving
practical problems and
developing broad
psychological principles.

47. METHODS OF PRESENTING DATA
 Statistical data once collected, must be arranged purposively,
in order to bring out the important points clearly and
strikingly.
 There are several methods of presenting data;
 Tables
Charts
 Diagrams
Graphs
Pictures
Special curves

48. TABULATION
 Tables are devices for presenting data simply from masses
of statistical data.
 It is the first step before the data is used for analysis or
interpretation.
 A table can be simple or complex depending upon the
number of items.

49. Principles Of Tabulation
 The tables should be numbered e.g., Table 1,Table 2.
 A title must be given on each table
 The headings of columns or rows should be clear and concise.
 The data must be presented according to size ,chronologically,
alphabetically.
 No table should be too large
 Foot notes to be given where necessary

51. CHARTS AND DIAGRAMS
1.BAR CHART
 It is a convenient graphical device, used for displaying
nominal or ordinal data.
 It is the easy method adopted for visual comparison of
different frequencies
 Length of the bars drawn vertical or horizontal indicates
the frequency of a character.

52. Simple Bar Chart

53. Multiple Bar Chart

54. Proportionate Bar Chart

55. Component Bar Chart

56. 2.HISTOGRAM
 It is the pictorial diagram of frequency distribution
 It consist of series of blocks
 The class intervals are given along the horizontal axis and
the frequencies along the vertical axis.

57. 3.PIE CHARTS
 Instead of comparing the length of a bar, the areas of
segments of a circle are compared.
 The area of each segment depends upon the angle.

58. 4.LINE GRAPH
 The frequency are depicted by line.
 Mostly used where data is collected over a long period of
time

59. 5.SCATTER OR DOT DIAGRAM
 It is a graphic presentation, made to show the nature of
correlation between two variable characters x and y on the
same groups.

60. 6.PICTOGRAM
 Small pictures or symbols are used to present the data

61. 7. FREQUENCY POLYGON
 Midpoints of the interval of corresponding rectangle in a
histogram are joined together by straight lines. It gives a
polygon i.e. a figure with many angles.
 It is used when two or more sets of data are to be
illustrated on the same diagram such as death rates in
smokers and non smokers, birth and death rates of a
population etc .

62. Frequency Polygon

63. CONCLUSION
 The major responsibilities of vital statistics and vital
records that are reported locally become state and national
data.
 Many of the functions are basic to any data collection
system, such as ensuring complete, accurate, and timely
reporting.
 It is especially challenging in an environment that
involves creating legal documents