This visual dictionary provides definitions and pictures to explain various construction terms and components. It covers topics such as framing elements, roofing materials and shapes, masonry, plumbing, electrical, windows, and more. Pictures are included to illustrate key terms like types of vents, bonds, joints, and other construction features. The document acts as a guide to understanding common items and vocabulary used in residential building.

1. VISUAL DICTIONARY F09primer

2. AIR BARRIER PAPER Used to prevent air flow and water penetration into the house.

3. ATTIC VENTILATION Soffit Vent- opening under the eave of the roof that allows air to flow into the attic. Ridge Vent- long open assembly that allows air to circulate out of the ridge of the roof.

4. ATTIC VENTILATION (CONTD.) Roof Tribune- helps remove heat from the attic. Pulls air away from it. Gable Vent- opening used to exhaust extra heat from the attic.

5. BACKHOE Backhoe is mostly used in the early parts of residential construction. Used in the digging of ditches and foundations. In this instance the bucket is 2’ wide

6. BATTER BOARDS Batter Boards- temporary frame built outside of the excavation to mark the surface planes of a building.

7. BRICK ARCHES Roman Arch Centering Keystone Jack Arch

8. BRICK BONDS Running Bond- stretcher courses off set. English Garden Wall- Alternating header and stretcher every 4th or 5th row.

9. BRICK WORK Stretcher Rowlock Solider Rowlock Stretcher Header

10. BRICK SIZES Modular: 3 5/8” by 2 ¼” by 7 5/8” Norman: 4 5/8” by 2 ¼” by 11 5/8”

11. BULLDOZER A bulldozer is a machine that pushes land on or off of a site. It is mainly used for grading a site

12. CLADDING Limestone (tavertine) Wood Boards Wood Shakes- small unit of water resistant material overlapped to keep water out. EIFS Brick

13. CODE REQUIREMENTS Requirements for a double-hung window: 5.7 minimum square feet 34 ¼ inch minimum width 24 inch minimum height 44 inch maximum height AFF Dimensions of my double-hung window: 5.8 square feet 30 inch width 28 inch height 18 inch height AFF My window is not suitable for means of egress because of the minimum width. All of the other requirements are reached other than that one.

14. CODE REQUIREMENTS (CONTD.) Measurements of stairs: Tread=10” Riser=6” Nosing=1 ¼ “ Code requirements for stairs: Tread= 10” minimum Riser= 7 ¾” maximum Nosing=3/4” to 1 ¼”

15. CONCRETE JOINTS Isolation Joint - An intentional, linear descontinuity in a structure or a component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure. In this case the column is being isolated from the slab. Control Joint- An intentional, linear descontinuity in a structure or a component, designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur in response to various forces so as to minimize or eliminate cracking elsewhere in the structure.

16. CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS (CMU) Hallowed concrete block designed to be laid in mortar. Standard dimensions are 8” by 8” by 16”.

17. CONCRETE MASONRY UNITS (CONTD.) 16” thick CMU 4” thick CMU

18. DECORATIVE CONCRETE MASONRY UNIT Split-Face CMU Ribbed CMU

19. DOORS Flush Door Transom- small decorative window located directly above the door. Sidelight- small, narrow window located to the sides of the door. Top Rail Panel Lock Rail Stile Bottom Rail Panel Door

20. ELECTRICAL COMPONANTS Meter- measure the power used in the house in kilowatt/hour Service Head-this is where the electricity is conducted from outside lines to meter base

21. ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS (CONTD.) Power Pole with transformer- This is used to step down the power so it can be used in a residence

22. ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS (CONTD.) Service Panel- houses circuit breakers that diverts main power supply into separate circuits and shuts off if tripped. Duplex Receptacle- this grounds anything that needs energy. It provides power to simple household items.

23. FRAMING ELEMENTS #1) Anchor Bolt #2) Sill Plate

24. FRAMING ELEMENTS (CONTD.) #3) Floor Joists #4) Subflooring #5) Sole Plate

25. FRAMING ELEMENTS (CONTD.) (Picture was taken in the attic) #8)Ceiling Joists #7) Top Plate #6) Stud

26. FRAMING ELEMENTS (CONTD.) #11) Sheathing #10) Roof Decking #9) Rafter

27. FRAMING ELEMETNS (CONTD.) #12) Stringer

28. FRONT END LOADER Front end loader is used in the early stages like a backhoe, but is not meant for digging. It is used to move dirt and gravel or anything necessary.

29. GYPSUM BOARD Gypsum board is gypsum in between two sheets of paper. A material used for walls and ceilings. Also known as sheet rock or drywall.

30. HEAT PUMP Compressor/ Evaporator The air handler circulates air through the house and moves the air over the coils. The compressor pressurizes and circulates refrigerant gas to produce heat or coolant. An advantage is you do not have to separate the heating and cooling units and a disadvantage is that it only works in mild climates. Air handling unit

31. INSULATION Insulation- material with low conductivity that keeps both hot and cold air from entering the building Loose fill Foamed Batt/Blanket

32. LINTEL A lintel is a beam that carries a load of an opening.

33. MORTAR Raked joint- this is a tooled joint. Here it is found on a 3/8” joint. This picture was taken at an apartment complex and probably made of “N” type mortar Concavejoint- this is a tooled joint found on 3/8” mortar joints.

34. ORIENTED STRAND BOARD Strands of wood that are bonded together by pressure in a specific direction. It is similar to plywood except it is not veneered. Its typical dimensions are 4’ by 8’.

35. PLUMBING Lavatory- sink, typically uses 1 ½” piping Water closet- typically uses 3” piping

36. Plumbing (contd.) Plumbing vents allow the gas from the pipes to escape out of the roof instead of being trapped inside the house Manufactured shower and tub

37. PLYWOOD Plywood is a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure. Veneer is a thin layer or sheet.

38. RADIANT BARRIER

39. STEP ROOF DRAINAGE Downspout- vertical piping used to drain water from roof to lower level Gutter- channel that connects rain water and snow melt at top of eave Splashblock- small piece of concrete or plastic used to divert water out of a downspout

40. REBAR This is #4 rebar which means it is ½” thick. It is coming up from a concrete floor. It was leftover that came up from a footing. The texture is good for helping the concrete mold to it.

41. STEP ROOF MATERIAL Wood Shingles Clay Tile Shingle- small unit made of many different materials that are overlapped to protect a wall or roof from moisture

42. STEP ROOF MATERIAL (CONTD.) Metal Roof Underlayment- protects sheathing from moisture and other harmful things

43. STEEP ROOF SHAPES Gable Gambrel

44. STEEP ROOF SHAPES (CONTD.) Mansard Hipped

45. STEEP ROOF TERMS ( These definitions are showed in pictures on next slide) #1) Valley-trough formed by the intersection of two parts of a roof #2) Rake-sloping edge of a steep roof #3) Ridge-level intersection of two roof planes in a gable vent #4) Soffit-undersurface of a horizontal element of a building, especially a roof overhang #5) Fascia-exposed vertical face of an eave #6) Eave-horizontal edge at the low side of a roof #7) Building without a fascia has no board or face to the eave

46. STEEP ROOF TERMS (CONTD.) #3 #6 #1 #2 #4 #5 #7

47. STONE Random Ruble Coursed Ruble

48. Stone (contd.) Random Ashlar Coursed Ashlar

49. VAPOR RETARDER Vapor retarder protects against moisture. It is usually put on the warm winter side of the insulation.

50. WATERPROOFING This waterproofing was most likely liquid applied. It is in place to prevent any kind of moisture from entering the foundation of the home.

51. WEEP HOLES Weep hole allows water to escape the building where the moisture has seeped through the mortar joint

52. WELDED WIRE FABRIC Welded wire fabric is put in place to increase the tensile strength of concrete. The grids are 6” by 6”

53. WINDOWS Outswinging casement window- hinged at the side of the window and swings outward Double-hung window- two overlapping sashes that slide vertically past one another Awning window- hinged at the top of the window