This document defines and describes various building materials and construction components. It includes definitions and photos of air barrier paper, attic ventilation components like ridge vents and soffit vents, construction equipment like backhoes and bulldozers, building cladding materials, concrete joints and masonry units, doors, electrical system components, framing elements, insulation materials, lintel, mortar joints, oriented strand board, plumbing fixtures, plywood, rebar, roof components like gutters and underlayment, roof shapes, siding materials, stone patterns, steep roof terms, vapor retarders, waterproofing, weep holes, welded wire fabric, and window types.

1. Air Barrier Paper Air Barrier Paper – a moisture resistant barrier that covers the sheathing and acts as a backup waterproofing to the siding that is applied over it. The barriers function is to control air from penetrating or escaping the building envelope.

2. Attic Ventilation Attic ventilation is needed to allow warm air to escape the roof area and also allow fresh air to circulate. Soffit Vent Soffit vents are used to allow air to flow into the attic or the space below the roof sheathing.

3. Attic Ventilation Ridge Vent Ridge vents allows air to circulate in and out of the roof at the ridge.

4. Attic Ventilation Gable Vent Roof Turbine Gable vents and Roof Turbines are use to exhaust excess heat and humidity from an attic.

5. Backhoe A backhoe is a piece of excavating equipment that has a bucket attached to a digging arm. Bucket Width on this particular backhoe was 16 inches across. This piece of equipment is used primarily for digging and excavating.

6. Batter Boards Batter Board are temporary frames built just outside the corner that aid in marking the boundaries and establish the level line of the structure.

7. Brick Arches Brick Arch #1 and #2 - both of these arches are Roman Arches.

8. Brick Arches Roman Brick arch with a keystone

9. Brick Arches Centering Centering is a temporary framework used for arch construction.

10. Brick Bonds Stack Bond - brick work that is laid so that all joints align vertically. Running Bond – brickwork consisting entirely of stretchers. Stack Bond Running Bond Running Bond Stack Bond

11. Brick Bonds Soldiers, Headers, and Rowlock Soldiers Headers Rowlock Soldiers Headers Headers Rowlock

12. Brick Bonds Sailors

13. Brick Bonds Stretcher Rowlock (Shiners)

14. Brick Sizes Brick Size #1 – 3 ½ “ x 2 ¼ ” x 7 5/8 ” Modular Brick Size #2 – 3 5/8 “ x 3 5/8 ” x 11 5/8 ” Utility Brick Size #1 Brick Size #2 Brick Size #2 Brick Size #1

15. Bulldozer A piece of earth moving equipment that has a large plated front used to push soil. Bulldozers are primarily used for pushing soil.

16. Cladding Brick and EIFS Clad Structure EIFS Brick Brick EIFS

17. Cladding Stone Clad Structure Wood Board Clad Structure Random Rubble Pattern

18. Cladding Wood Shingle Clad Structure Shake – a shingle split from a block of wood. Shingle – a small unit of water resistant material installed in an overlapping fashion with many other units to render the wall water tight.

19. Code Requirements Egress window from a bedroom. This window measured (per side) 2’6” x 5’, 12.5 Sqf total area, and is 2’6” AFF. IBC Requirements are minimum opening of 5.7 Sqft, minimum height of 24”, minimum width of 20” and less than or equal to 44 “ sill height AFF. Yes it meets IBC requirements.

20. Code Requirements of Stair Tread = 11 1/8” Riser = 7 7/16” IBC requirements are 7 ¾” maximum riser height and 11” minimum tread depth and no more than 3/8” overall deviation in riser heights. Yes the stair meets the IBC requirements.

21. Concrete Joints Control Joint is an intentional discontinuity in a structure designed to form a plane of weakness where cracking can occur. So that cracking is minimized elsewhere.

22. Concrete Joints Isolation joints are used to relieve flexural stresses due to vertical movement of slab-on-grade applications that adjoin fixed foundation elements such as columns, building or machinery foundations, etc. In the photo the isolation joint separates the two concrete slabs isolating one slab from another.

23. Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) 1 CMU=3 brick courses CMU or Concrete Masonry Unit is a block of hardened concrete, with or without hollow cores, designed to be laid in the same manner as a brick stone; a concrete block. ‘ Typical Dimensions are 7 5/8” X 15 5/8”

24. Concrete Masonry Unit 2 Different Size CMU 4” and 12” CMU 12” 4” 12” 4”

25. Decorative Concrete Masonry Units Split Block

26. Doors Exterior Flush Door

27. Doors Exterior Panel Door Top Rail Panel Lock rail Bottom Rail Top Rail Panel Lock rail Bottom Rail Stile Stile

28. Doors Transom and Side Lights Transom – a small window directly above a door. Side Light – a tall, narrow window beside a door. Transom Side Light Side Light Transom

29. Electrical Components Underground Transformer Box Transformer is an electrical device that changes the voltage of alternating current.

30. Electrical Components Service Head Service Head is the assembly by which electricity is conducted from outdoor lines to the meter base.

31. Electrical Components Meter A meter is a device that measures the quantity of electricity consumed.

32. Electrical Components Service Panel A service panel is the first point of entry beyond the meter where the electricity is distributed throughout to varying circuits.

33. Electrical Components Duplex Receptacle

34. Framing Elements #1 Anchor Bolt

35. Framing Elements #2 Sill Plate

36. Framing Element #3 Floor Joist

37. Framing Element #4 Subflooring

38. Framing Element #5 Sole Plate

39. Framing Element #6 Stud, #7 Top Plate, and #8 Ceiling Joist Ceiling Joist Top Plate Stud Ceiling Joist Top Plate Stud

40. Framing Element #9 Rafters and #10 Roof Decking Rafter Roof Decking Roof Decking Rafter

41. Framing Element #11 Sheathing

42. Framing Element #12 Stringer

43. Front End Loader A front end loader is a piece of earth moving equipment that scoops or loads soil with it’s bucket.

44. Gypsum Board Gypsum Board is an interior facing panel made of a gypsum core between two faces of paper.

45. Heat Pump Advantage – One advantage is they save on energy thus generating lower energy bills. Disadvantage – In very cold climates a back up system may be needed to effectively heat the home. Compressor and Condenser The air conditioner compressor pumps cool refrigerant vapor from the air conditioner evaporator and compresses the vapor. The air conditioner condenser coils receive the hot vapor from the compressor and immediately the air conditioner compressor begins to condense the refrigerant into a liquid by removing heat from the hot vapor

46. Heat Pump Air Handling Unit The Air Handling Unit circulates conditioned air throughout the home.

47. Insulation The purpose of insulation is to limit the transfer of heat. Blanket Insulation

48. Insulation Loose Fill

49. Insulation Foamed Insulation

50. Insulation Rigid Board Insulation

51. Lintel A lintel is a beam that carries the load of a wall across an opening.

52. Mortar Mortar Joint #1 is on the exterior of a commercial office building. It is a tooled joint, measures 3/8”, and is most likely Type N Mortar.

53. Mortar Mortar Joint #2 on the exterior wall of home. This joint is troweled, measures ½”, and is probably Type N Mortar.

54. Oriented Strand Board Oriented Strand Board or OSB a building panel composed of long shreds of wood fiber oriented in specific directions and bonded together under pressure. It is a non-veneered panel.

55. Plumbing Lavatory – 1 ½” pipe drain size

56. Plumbing Water Closet – drain piping size 3”

57. Plumbing Tub set prior to gypsum board being installed

58. Plumbing Plumbing Roof Vent The plumbing roof vent allows for the plumbing fixtures to drain freely by letting air into the drain system.

59. Plumbing Kitchen Sink Drop in

60. Plywood Plywood is a wood panel composed of an odd number of layers of wood veneer bonded together under pressure. Veneer is a thin layer, sheet, or facing.

61. Rebar Size #4 = ½ inch diameter Deformations in the bars are in place to allow for the concrete to bond to the bars.

62. Steep Roof Drainage Gutter – a channel that collects water at the eave of the roof. Down Spout – a vertical pipe for conducting water from a roof to a lower level. Splash Block – a small block of concrete or plastic used to divert water at the bottom of a downspout. Gutter Down Spout Splash Block

63. Steep Roof Materials Underlayment Underlayment is a water resistant material that is placed directly beneath the exposed roofing material. The material protects the roof sheathing and the structure beneath it from the weather until the exposed roofing material is installed.

64. Steep Roof Materials Clay Tile Roof

65. Steep Roof Materials Slate Roof Shingle is a small unit of water-resistant material nailed in overlapping fashion with many other such units to render a wall or slopping roof water tight. Slate tile roof Slate tile roof Individual slate tiles left over from the roof installation.

66. Steep Roof Materials Metal Panel Roof Metal panel roofs are typically constructed from galvanized panels.

67. Steep Roof Shapes Gable and Gambrel Gambrel Gambrel Gable Gable

68. Steep Roof Shapes Hip Roof

69. Steep Roof Shapes Mansard

70. Steep Roof Terms Ridge Ridge is the level intersection of two roof planes.

71. Steep Roof Terms Valley Valley is a trough formed by the intersection of two roof slopes.

72. Steep Roof Terms Eave and Rake Eave is the horizontal edge at the low side of a sloping roof. Rake is the sloping edge of a steep roof. Eave Eave Rake Rake

73. Steep Roof Terms Soffit and Fascia Soffit is the undersurface of a horizontal element of a building such as a roof overhang. Fascia is the exposed vertical face of an eave. Fascia Soffit Soffit Fascia

74. Steep Roof Terms Building without fascia

75. Stone Random Rubble Pattern

76. Stone Coursed Rubble Pattern

77. Stone Random Ashlar Pattern

78. Stone Coursed Ashlar Pattern

79. Vapor Retarder Vapor retarder placed on the face of a piece bat insulation. The vapor retarder is typically placed on the interior face of the bat insulation.

80. Water Proofing The waterproofing is applied to prevent water from flowing through the CMU wall. This is a Liquid Applied from of water proofing.

81. Weep Hole Allows for moisture to escape from behind the brick.

82. Welded Wire Fabric This is 4” x 4”

83. Window Type #1 – This is an Outswing Casement because it is hinged along the inside of the window. Type #2 –This is a Double Hung window because both sashes are able to moved up or down. Type #1 – Outswing Casement Type #2 – Double Hung Type #1 – Outswing Casement Type #2 – Double Hung

84. Window Type #3 – This is a Single Hung because only the bottom sash is capable of moving up or down.