This document discusses NASA's vision and priorities for exploration, including exploring life in the universe. It outlines three "grand challenges" - understanding how life arose on Earth, if we are alone in the universe, and where life is heading. The document discusses using both robotic and human exploration to make faster discoveries. It provides examples of how technologies like electric propulsion and nuclear propulsion could enable missions to destinations like Mars and beyond. Overall, the document advocates for technology investment to enable more ambitious exploration goals.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
Prof. G. Scott Hubbard argues that the dichotomy between humans and robots in space exploration is false. Currently, robots are better suited for initial exploration due to their endurance, but humans are better at making complex decisions and following up opportunities. In the future, humans and robots will work together, with robots laying groundwork and narrowing options, while humans make sense of complex situations and discoveries. The roles of humans and robots will evolve over time through partnerships that enhance both.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
International Space Station as the Gateway for Humankind's Future in Space an...ISSRDC
This session will highlight the active work of students and young professionals on the ISS. These next-generation researchers will discuss their experiences in translating their ground studies into spaceflight experiments, the benefits of microgravity research, and the overall impact of their research endeavors
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
Markets in Motion: Developing Markets in Low Earth OrbitISSRDC
This document summarizes a panel discussion on developing markets in low Earth orbit. The panel included representatives from Sierra Nevada Corporation, Kentucky Space, Planet Labs, Alpha Space, and Blue Origin. They discussed current and potential commercial activities and markets in LEO, including materials testing on the International Space Station, Earth observation from small satellites, and plans for commercial suborbital and orbital transportation systems.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Europe 2013 - human missions to europa and titan - hugh hillILOAHawaii
This document outlines a proposal for human missions to Europa and Titan by 2070. It discusses why these celestial bodies should be explored, namely the possibility of finding life in their oceans and understanding physical processes. Some key technical challenges are advanced propulsion, nuclear power, life support systems, and utilizing in-situ resources. International cooperation would likely be required due to high costs, and modifications to existing space law may be needed. Ethical considerations around risks, planetary protection, and crew issues would also need to be addressed. The proposal estimates a total mission cost of $220-470 billion using analogy methods from Apollo. A specific mission concept called METTLE is introduced, involving a nuclear-powered spacecraft and hydrobot for subsurface Europa
A New Exploration Strategy
Dr. Edward F. Crawley
Ford Professor of Engineering at MIT
Co-chair of NASA Exploration Technology Development Program Review Committee
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
Prof. G. Scott Hubbard argues that the dichotomy between humans and robots in space exploration is false. Currently, robots are better suited for initial exploration due to their endurance, but humans are better at making complex decisions and following up opportunities. In the future, humans and robots will work together, with robots laying groundwork and narrowing options, while humans make sense of complex situations and discoveries. The roles of humans and robots will evolve over time through partnerships that enhance both.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
International Space Station as the Gateway for Humankind's Future in Space an...ISSRDC
This session will highlight the active work of students and young professionals on the ISS. These next-generation researchers will discuss their experiences in translating their ground studies into spaceflight experiments, the benefits of microgravity research, and the overall impact of their research endeavors
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
Markets in Motion: Developing Markets in Low Earth OrbitISSRDC
This document summarizes a panel discussion on developing markets in low Earth orbit. The panel included representatives from Sierra Nevada Corporation, Kentucky Space, Planet Labs, Alpha Space, and Blue Origin. They discussed current and potential commercial activities and markets in LEO, including materials testing on the International Space Station, Earth observation from small satellites, and plans for commercial suborbital and orbital transportation systems.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Europe 2013 - human missions to europa and titan - hugh hillILOAHawaii
This document outlines a proposal for human missions to Europa and Titan by 2070. It discusses why these celestial bodies should be explored, namely the possibility of finding life in their oceans and understanding physical processes. Some key technical challenges are advanced propulsion, nuclear power, life support systems, and utilizing in-situ resources. International cooperation would likely be required due to high costs, and modifications to existing space law may be needed. Ethical considerations around risks, planetary protection, and crew issues would also need to be addressed. The proposal estimates a total mission cost of $220-470 billion using analogy methods from Apollo. A specific mission concept called METTLE is introduced, involving a nuclear-powered spacecraft and hydrobot for subsurface Europa
A New Exploration Strategy
Dr. Edward F. Crawley
Ford Professor of Engineering at MIT
Co-chair of NASA Exploration Technology Development Program Review Committee
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
ILOA Galaxy Forum NY Scarsdale 2014 -- Alan Stern, New HorizonsILOAHawaii
ILOA will again help host the community of Scarsdale High School students, teachers, administrators and alums in the 1960, 1961 and 1962 Classes — at the 4th annual Galaxy Forum SHS.
The program features a science talk by Dr. Alan Stern on the New Horizons mission currently traveling at 14.72 km/s almost 3.9 Billion kilometers from Earth on its way to explore Pluto and its moons. The mission, is expected to arrive July 14, 2015, will help us understand the icy worlds at the edge of our solar system. Scientists hope to find answers to basic questions about the surface properties, geology, interior makeup and atmospheres on these bodies. The mission will then visit one or more Kuiper Belt Objects beyond Pluto.
Galaxy Forums public events with presentations, panel discussions and attendee participation. Efforts are made to integrate local cultures, perspectives, and traditional knowledge. Galaxy Forums have been held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York. Steve Durst organized Galaxy Forum Scarsdale to bring this innovative 21st Century Education to his alma mater.
Steve Durst celebrated his 50th SHS 1961 Class Reunion with the 1st Galaxy Forum at SHS on September 23 2011. The 50th SHS 1962 Reunion starting October 5, 2012, continued the Galaxy Forum SHS program with Jeff Hoffman, 5-time Shuttle Astronaut and SHS 1962 alum, sharing his experience repairing the Hubble Space Telescope. Galaxy Forum SHS 2013 featured Dr. Denton Ebel, Curator / Chair of the Dept of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the American Museum of Natural History in NYC speaking on Asteroids in matters of Science, Resources and Security.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
The document discusses plans for a new astronomical observatory called the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) to be located on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. It describes some of the exciting discoveries made by existing observatories on Mauna Kea like Keck and CFHT. It outlines key aspects of the planned TMT, including its large 30-meter mirror, advanced adaptive optics to correct for atmospheric distortions, and its potential to enable new studies in the formation of stars and planets and the nature of the early universe.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Waimea -- Phil MerrellILOAHawaii
The International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is a non-profit organization incorporated in Hawaii that aims to advance human understanding of the cosmos through astronomical observation from the Moon, including studying galaxies, searching for exoplanets and signs of life, as well as coordinating education initiatives like the Galaxy Forum to increase global awareness of galaxy science. ILOA has collaborated with China on lunar missions and plans its own ILO series of lunar orbital and surface missions beginning in 2013 to establish an observatory on the Moon's south pole.
ILOA Galaxy Forum USA 2013 - Marco PavoneILOAHawaii
The document discusses challenges and prospects for surface exploration of small solar system bodies like asteroids and comets. It describes how future exploration will involve close proximity observations, sampling at multiple sites on these bodies, and operations in risky areas and specific regions. Several concepts for in-situ exploration are presented, including static platforms like landers as well as mobile platforms like rovers, hoppers, and spacecraft-rover hybrids. A reference mission is described that would use a hybrid robotic platform to systematically explore Phobos through guided rolling and hopping to study its origin and composition.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2013 - Steve DurstGf canada 2013 pptILOAHawaii
The document summarizes an event about the International Lunar Observatory Association's activities in May 2013. It discusses four ILO missions planned between 2015-2018, including the ILO-1 Polar Mission to observe and communicate from the lunar south pole in 2015. The primary objectives of the ILO missions are listed, such as galaxy imaging, Earth and Mars observations, and detecting exoplanets and SETI. Details are provided about the ILO's collaboration with Chang'e 3 and a precursor ILO-X mission involving high school students. The ILO aims to establish an observatory base in Hawaii to support astrophysics research for the next 100 years.
The document discusses a new strategy for human and robotic exploration that involves "stepping stones and flexible building blocks". It advocates for a robust and flexible approach driven by scientific discovery. Key aspects of the strategy include integrating human and robotic exploration to maximize discovery, pursuing capabilities and technologies in a timeframe paced by affordability, and making inspiration and education integral parts of the programs. The document contrasts this approach with the traditional "giant leap" Apollo approach and argues the new strategy is better suited to address current priorities and budget realities.
Galaxy Forum China 2013 - Galaxy & Moon: Space Exploration and Astronomy Fron...ILOAHawaii
This document summarizes Jin Zhu's presentation at the Galaxy Forum China 2013 on space exploration and astronomy frontiers. It discusses past Galaxy Forums in China from 2008 to 2013. It then provides an overview of astronomy topics including observations of the moon, galaxy, and universe. Specific details are given on using the moon as an observation site for its stable environment and potential for simultaneous multi-wavelength observations. The document concludes with comparisons of the sizes of the solar system and Oort cloud to illustrate humanity's progress in space exploration and references several works of science fiction involving space travel and galaxies.
Galaxy Forum China 2013 - ILOA Human Moon Missions: Giant Steps into the GalaxyILOAHawaii
The document summarizes plans for the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) and its missions to study the Milky Way galaxy. The ILOA aims to advance 21st century education on galaxy science through projects like the ILO-X precursor mission and the future ILO Human Service Mission to the moon in 2018. The ILOA also collaborates with other organizations around the world through events like the Galaxy Forum to inspire education and exploration of our galaxy.
IOA Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 - Tokyo
Saturday 13 December 2014 (2-5pm) @ Cosmos Building, NAOJ Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Galaxy Forum returns to the Land of the Rising Sun, one of the world's 6 major space faring powers, Japan. ILOA collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ, to advance Galaxy 21st Century Education continues this year at the Cosmos Building kindly provided by NAOJ at the Mitaka Campus.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2011 Hilo - Phil MerrellILOAHawaii
The document discusses the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA), a Hawaii-based non-profit dedicated to establishing observatories on the Moon. ILOA has 3 main missions: ILO-1 to establish an observation outpost at the lunar south pole by 2014; a precursor mission by 2014; and a future human service mission. ILOA also organizes annual Galaxy Forums around the world to advance space education and aims to extend Hawaii's leadership in astronomy to the Moon.
International Astronomy from the Moon
Southeast Asia and Beyond
The document discusses conducting astronomy from the moon, including as a shield from the sun/earth, as a stable platform, and for access from a lunar base. It outlines past and current lunar astronomy studies and proposals from agencies like NASA, ESA, China, and opportunities for involvement from Southeast Asian countries. Key points include China's Chang'e lunar telescope capturing over 32,000 images, and potential for commercial communications from the moon to expand coverage. Moon plans from agencies like NASA, JAXA, ISRO, KARI, and CSA are summarized.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2015 -- R. Pierre Martin and Steve DurstILOAHawaii
This document discusses the potential for conducting extragalactic astronomy from the lunar surface. It notes that over 100 billion galaxies exist in the universe and outlines some key questions about how galaxies form and evolve. Observational requirements for studying galaxies include low background noise, access to multiple wavelengths, and the ability to conduct long-term monitoring. The lunar surface provides these advantages with its darkness and stability. The document describes how the Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT) aboard the Chinese Chang'e 3 mission successfully imaged the nearby galaxy M101, demonstrating the feasibility of astronomy from the Moon. It concludes that while still in early stages, lunar astronomy could enable studies difficult to conduct elsewhere and warrants further exploration.
Viewpoints: Leveraging ISS to Enable LEO Commercializationmtnadmin
The document discusses leveraging the International Space Station (ISS) to enable commercialization in low Earth orbit (LEO). Several speakers provide their perspectives. Jeff Bingham outlines the legislative history that designated the US segment of the ISS as a national lab and mandated its operation through at least 2024. Sam Sciame discusses leveraging remaining ISS time to enable demand for LEO services. Orbital ATK, Boeing, NanoRacks and Teledyne Brown Engineering describe commercial activities and plans to increase commercial utilization of the ISS and support a LEO economy beyond the ISS.
ILOA Galaxy Forum South America 2014 -- Chile -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
This document summarizes a Galaxy Forum event in Chile and discusses plans for the International Lunar Observatory (ILO) and its parent organization, the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA). Key points include:
- The Galaxy Forum event will take place in Chile in May 2014 and discuss topics like galaxy education and exploration.
- The ILO aims to conduct astronomy research from the lunar surface, including imaging the galaxy center and searching for Earth-like planets and life. Precursor missions are planned before 2025.
- The ILOA will be based in Hawaii to take advantage of its location and facilities for coordinating lunar astronomy missions over the next century.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2016 - Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
More than 70 Galaxy Forums, with over 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawaii.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2015 - Paul HicksonILOAHawaii
-- Large optical telescopes on the Moon – Paul Hickson, Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia.
The Moon offers some unique advantages for future very-large optical telescopes. The airless environment, slow lunar rotation and precession would enable a zenith-pointing telescope, located near one of the lunar poles, to survey a large region of sky and study the epoch of galaxy formation. I will present results from a recent NASA/CSA study that considered the feasibility of lunar liquid-mirror telescopes having apertures in the 20 to 100 metre range.
The document summarizes a presentation given at the International Lunar Observatory Association's Galaxy Forum in Yogyakarta, Indonesia on opportunities for astronomy and space exploration in Southeast Asia. It discusses ILOA's current and planned lunar missions, including collaborations with China and potential involvement of India. It promotes establishing observation capabilities on the moon to study the Milky Way galaxy and search for signs of life. The presentation emphasizes how greater awareness of our place in the galaxy can benefit education worldwide and advance 21st century capabilities.
OpenID is an identity network that allows users to control their online identity and choose who holds their personal information. It uses existing web technologies to provide a consistent login process across sites without requiring each site to separately verify a user's identity. While some users may not see the need to change from usernames and passwords, OpenID could significantly improve online security by reducing identity theft and phishing.
Junhel C. Dalanon is a dentist and holds a Doctor of Dental Medicine degree as well as a Master of Arts in Teaching degree. He provides dental care services and has advanced training to effectively teach patients about oral health and proper dental hygiene practices. Dr. Dalanon is dedicated to helping improve patients' oral health through preventative care, restorative procedures, and health education.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
ILOA Galaxy Forum NY Scarsdale 2014 -- Alan Stern, New HorizonsILOAHawaii
ILOA will again help host the community of Scarsdale High School students, teachers, administrators and alums in the 1960, 1961 and 1962 Classes — at the 4th annual Galaxy Forum SHS.
The program features a science talk by Dr. Alan Stern on the New Horizons mission currently traveling at 14.72 km/s almost 3.9 Billion kilometers from Earth on its way to explore Pluto and its moons. The mission, is expected to arrive July 14, 2015, will help us understand the icy worlds at the edge of our solar system. Scientists hope to find answers to basic questions about the surface properties, geology, interior makeup and atmospheres on these bodies. The mission will then visit one or more Kuiper Belt Objects beyond Pluto.
Galaxy Forums public events with presentations, panel discussions and attendee participation. Efforts are made to integrate local cultures, perspectives, and traditional knowledge. Galaxy Forums have been held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York. Steve Durst organized Galaxy Forum Scarsdale to bring this innovative 21st Century Education to his alma mater.
Steve Durst celebrated his 50th SHS 1961 Class Reunion with the 1st Galaxy Forum at SHS on September 23 2011. The 50th SHS 1962 Reunion starting October 5, 2012, continued the Galaxy Forum SHS program with Jeff Hoffman, 5-time Shuttle Astronaut and SHS 1962 alum, sharing his experience repairing the Hubble Space Telescope. Galaxy Forum SHS 2013 featured Dr. Denton Ebel, Curator / Chair of the Dept of Earth and Planetary Sciences at the American Museum of Natural History in NYC speaking on Asteroids in matters of Science, Resources and Security.
American Astronautical Society, Astronauts and Robots: Partners in Space Exploration, May 12-13, 2015 - http://astronautical.org/event/astronauts-robots
The document discusses plans for a new astronomical observatory called the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) to be located on Mauna Kea in Hawaii. It describes some of the exciting discoveries made by existing observatories on Mauna Kea like Keck and CFHT. It outlines key aspects of the planned TMT, including its large 30-meter mirror, advanced adaptive optics to correct for atmospheric distortions, and its potential to enable new studies in the formation of stars and planets and the nature of the early universe.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Waimea -- Phil MerrellILOAHawaii
The International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is a non-profit organization incorporated in Hawaii that aims to advance human understanding of the cosmos through astronomical observation from the Moon, including studying galaxies, searching for exoplanets and signs of life, as well as coordinating education initiatives like the Galaxy Forum to increase global awareness of galaxy science. ILOA has collaborated with China on lunar missions and plans its own ILO series of lunar orbital and surface missions beginning in 2013 to establish an observatory on the Moon's south pole.
ILOA Galaxy Forum USA 2013 - Marco PavoneILOAHawaii
The document discusses challenges and prospects for surface exploration of small solar system bodies like asteroids and comets. It describes how future exploration will involve close proximity observations, sampling at multiple sites on these bodies, and operations in risky areas and specific regions. Several concepts for in-situ exploration are presented, including static platforms like landers as well as mobile platforms like rovers, hoppers, and spacecraft-rover hybrids. A reference mission is described that would use a hybrid robotic platform to systematically explore Phobos through guided rolling and hopping to study its origin and composition.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2013 - Steve DurstGf canada 2013 pptILOAHawaii
The document summarizes an event about the International Lunar Observatory Association's activities in May 2013. It discusses four ILO missions planned between 2015-2018, including the ILO-1 Polar Mission to observe and communicate from the lunar south pole in 2015. The primary objectives of the ILO missions are listed, such as galaxy imaging, Earth and Mars observations, and detecting exoplanets and SETI. Details are provided about the ILO's collaboration with Chang'e 3 and a precursor ILO-X mission involving high school students. The ILO aims to establish an observatory base in Hawaii to support astrophysics research for the next 100 years.
The document discusses a new strategy for human and robotic exploration that involves "stepping stones and flexible building blocks". It advocates for a robust and flexible approach driven by scientific discovery. Key aspects of the strategy include integrating human and robotic exploration to maximize discovery, pursuing capabilities and technologies in a timeframe paced by affordability, and making inspiration and education integral parts of the programs. The document contrasts this approach with the traditional "giant leap" Apollo approach and argues the new strategy is better suited to address current priorities and budget realities.
Galaxy Forum China 2013 - Galaxy & Moon: Space Exploration and Astronomy Fron...ILOAHawaii
This document summarizes Jin Zhu's presentation at the Galaxy Forum China 2013 on space exploration and astronomy frontiers. It discusses past Galaxy Forums in China from 2008 to 2013. It then provides an overview of astronomy topics including observations of the moon, galaxy, and universe. Specific details are given on using the moon as an observation site for its stable environment and potential for simultaneous multi-wavelength observations. The document concludes with comparisons of the sizes of the solar system and Oort cloud to illustrate humanity's progress in space exploration and references several works of science fiction involving space travel and galaxies.
Galaxy Forum China 2013 - ILOA Human Moon Missions: Giant Steps into the GalaxyILOAHawaii
The document summarizes plans for the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) and its missions to study the Milky Way galaxy. The ILOA aims to advance 21st century education on galaxy science through projects like the ILO-X precursor mission and the future ILO Human Service Mission to the moon in 2018. The ILOA also collaborates with other organizations around the world through events like the Galaxy Forum to inspire education and exploration of our galaxy.
IOA Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Galaxy Forum Japan 2014 - Tokyo
Saturday 13 December 2014 (2-5pm) @ Cosmos Building, NAOJ Mitaka, Tokyo, Japan
Galaxy Forum returns to the Land of the Rising Sun, one of the world's 6 major space faring powers, Japan. ILOA collaboration with the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JAXA and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan NAOJ, to advance Galaxy 21st Century Education continues this year at the Cosmos Building kindly provided by NAOJ at the Mitaka Campus.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2011 Hilo - Phil MerrellILOAHawaii
The document discusses the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA), a Hawaii-based non-profit dedicated to establishing observatories on the Moon. ILOA has 3 main missions: ILO-1 to establish an observation outpost at the lunar south pole by 2014; a precursor mission by 2014; and a future human service mission. ILOA also organizes annual Galaxy Forums around the world to advance space education and aims to extend Hawaii's leadership in astronomy to the Moon.
International Astronomy from the Moon
Southeast Asia and Beyond
The document discusses conducting astronomy from the moon, including as a shield from the sun/earth, as a stable platform, and for access from a lunar base. It outlines past and current lunar astronomy studies and proposals from agencies like NASA, ESA, China, and opportunities for involvement from Southeast Asian countries. Key points include China's Chang'e lunar telescope capturing over 32,000 images, and potential for commercial communications from the moon to expand coverage. Moon plans from agencies like NASA, JAXA, ISRO, KARI, and CSA are summarized.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2015 -- R. Pierre Martin and Steve DurstILOAHawaii
This document discusses the potential for conducting extragalactic astronomy from the lunar surface. It notes that over 100 billion galaxies exist in the universe and outlines some key questions about how galaxies form and evolve. Observational requirements for studying galaxies include low background noise, access to multiple wavelengths, and the ability to conduct long-term monitoring. The lunar surface provides these advantages with its darkness and stability. The document describes how the Lunar Ultraviolet Telescope (LUT) aboard the Chinese Chang'e 3 mission successfully imaged the nearby galaxy M101, demonstrating the feasibility of astronomy from the Moon. It concludes that while still in early stages, lunar astronomy could enable studies difficult to conduct elsewhere and warrants further exploration.
Viewpoints: Leveraging ISS to Enable LEO Commercializationmtnadmin
The document discusses leveraging the International Space Station (ISS) to enable commercialization in low Earth orbit (LEO). Several speakers provide their perspectives. Jeff Bingham outlines the legislative history that designated the US segment of the ISS as a national lab and mandated its operation through at least 2024. Sam Sciame discusses leveraging remaining ISS time to enable demand for LEO services. Orbital ATK, Boeing, NanoRacks and Teledyne Brown Engineering describe commercial activities and plans to increase commercial utilization of the ISS and support a LEO economy beyond the ISS.
ILOA Galaxy Forum South America 2014 -- Chile -- Steve DurstILOAHawaii
This document summarizes a Galaxy Forum event in Chile and discusses plans for the International Lunar Observatory (ILO) and its parent organization, the International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA). Key points include:
- The Galaxy Forum event will take place in Chile in May 2014 and discuss topics like galaxy education and exploration.
- The ILO aims to conduct astronomy research from the lunar surface, including imaging the galaxy center and searching for Earth-like planets and life. Precursor missions are planned before 2025.
- The ILOA will be based in Hawaii to take advantage of its location and facilities for coordinating lunar astronomy missions over the next century.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2016 - Steve DurstILOAHawaii
Background:
Galaxy Forum is the primary education and outreach initiative of ILOA, it is an architecture designed to advance 21st Century science, education, enterprise and development around the world.
Galaxy Forums are public events specifically geared towards high school teachers, educators, astronomers of all kinds, students and the general public. Presentations are provided by experts in the fields of astrophysics / galaxy research, space exploration and STEM education, as well as related aspects of culture and traditional knowledge. Interactive panel discussions allow for community participation and integration of local perspectives.
Stats:
More than 70 Galaxy Forums, with over 300 presentations to date.
Held in 26 locations worldwide including Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Southeast Asia, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Kansas and New York.
Started with Galaxy Forum USA, July 4, 2008 in Silicon Valley, California.
International Lunar Observatory Association (ILOA) is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawaii.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Canada 2015 - Paul HicksonILOAHawaii
-- Large optical telescopes on the Moon – Paul Hickson, Professor, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of British Columbia.
The Moon offers some unique advantages for future very-large optical telescopes. The airless environment, slow lunar rotation and precession would enable a zenith-pointing telescope, located near one of the lunar poles, to survey a large region of sky and study the epoch of galaxy formation. I will present results from a recent NASA/CSA study that considered the feasibility of lunar liquid-mirror telescopes having apertures in the 20 to 100 metre range.
The document summarizes a presentation given at the International Lunar Observatory Association's Galaxy Forum in Yogyakarta, Indonesia on opportunities for astronomy and space exploration in Southeast Asia. It discusses ILOA's current and planned lunar missions, including collaborations with China and potential involvement of India. It promotes establishing observation capabilities on the moon to study the Milky Way galaxy and search for signs of life. The presentation emphasizes how greater awareness of our place in the galaxy can benefit education worldwide and advance 21st century capabilities.
OpenID is an identity network that allows users to control their online identity and choose who holds their personal information. It uses existing web technologies to provide a consistent login process across sites without requiring each site to separately verify a user's identity. While some users may not see the need to change from usernames and passwords, OpenID could significantly improve online security by reducing identity theft and phishing.
Junhel C. Dalanon is a dentist and holds a Doctor of Dental Medicine degree as well as a Master of Arts in Teaching degree. He provides dental care services and has advanced training to effectively teach patients about oral health and proper dental hygiene practices. Dr. Dalanon is dedicated to helping improve patients' oral health through preventative care, restorative procedures, and health education.
The document provides tips for networking at ALA conferences. It suggests meeting people at programs, receptions, and even in line for the shuttle bus. People at the conference likely share similar interests in libraries. It recommends attending social events and Birds of a Feather lunches to meet others, and exchanging contact information to continue conversations after the conference through ALA social networks and groups.
American Libraries Magazine will be publishing a post IFLA 2012 wrap-up. Enjoy this preview issue before going to San Juan and check back for expanded coverage in September 2012.
The document discusses organizational development and different types of organizational structures. It outlines the key characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of line, line and staff, and matrix organizations. It then discusses important principles of organization, including consideration of objectives, division of work, delegation of authority, parity of responsibility and authority, span of control, unity of command, coordination, efficiency, separation of line and staff functions, consideration of policies and procedures, job groupings, flexibility, communication, and balance. Finally, it outlines the steps in organizational development, including defining objectives, listing activities, determining structure, securing personnel, considering resources, preparing and implementing the organization, and conducting periodic audits.
This document provides an overview of focus fusion, a proposed method of controlled nuclear fusion using a dense plasma focus device. It claims focus fusion could provide cheap, clean, and unlimited energy using aneutronic fuel that produces no radioactive waste. The document outlines the science behind focus fusion and tokamak fusion, and argues that focus fusion in small distributed generators could power neighborhoods safely and change the world by addressing the global energy problem.
Lawrenceville Plasma Physics (LPP) is developing a fusion energy technology called "Focus Fusion" using a Dense Plasma Focus device. LPP achieved key milestones between 2009-2012 including a US patent and record plasma confinement temperatures. LPP's approach uses hydrogen-boron fuel that produces no radioactive waste. LPP aims to prove feasibility and reach fusion breakeven in Phase I, then develop a prototype generator in Phase II. LPP's technology promises ultra-low cost, clean energy through direct conversion to electricity without large infrastructure requirements.
The document outlines plans for human exploration beyond low Earth orbit, including destinations such as near-Earth asteroids, Mars and its moons, and locations in the inner solar system like the Moon. It discusses using exploration to address scientific questions, develop new technologies, and inspire students. A framework is proposed that uses incremental development of exploration capabilities over time to enable increasingly complex missions, starting with destinations in low Earth orbit and progressing to the surfaces of Mars and the Moon.
The document discusses the history and future of space exploration. It outlines key events like Sputnik 1, the first man and woman in space, and the moon landing. Future goals discussed include searching for life on other planets within 20 years, landing humans on Mars by 2023, exploring Jupiter and asteroids, understanding dark matter, and commercial space tourism. It also summarizes India's space agency ISRO and its missions like Chandrayaan and Mars Orbiter Mission. The conclusion reiterates that space continues to be a frontier with many mysteries left to solve.
The Future of Mars Exploration: A Tale of Perseverance and CuriosityData Con LA
Data Con LA 2020
Description
The Mars 2020 Rover sets the stage for Mars Sample return and continues NASA's explorarion of the red planet. Dr. Sengupta will discuss the scientific goals and unique technology challenges that will bring humanity closer to setting foot on the surface of Mars than ever before.
Speaker
Anita Sengupta, University of Southern California, Research Professor
- The document discusses expanding exploration of space through both human and robotic means, with each having advantages and disadvantages for different types of exploration.
- It focuses on exploring Mars to search for evidence of past or present life, following clues about water. Robots so far have found evidence of underground ice and water-related minerals.
- The next step is the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory, which will directly analyze rocks and soil using advanced instruments to further understand Mars' potential for life and habitability.
The document provides an overview of NASA Ames Research Center, including its history, missions, programs, facilities, and educational activities. It notes that NASA Ames conducts applied research and develops critical technologies to enable NASA missions. Some key areas of focus include space, Earth, and life sciences; astrobiology; small satellites; aviation and aeronautics; exploration systems; and educational outreach. It also summarizes several past and current NASA Ames missions.
Will The International Space Station de-orbit_.pdfMausiquiOfficial
The International Space Station is revealing how old it very well may be. It’s more seasoned than 33% of the populace, north of over two billion individuals who have never known a period without people in circle.
Pieces and bits of it continue to turn out badly, most as of late the EVA spacesuits; Russia might possibly be going to bail; and it’s more Red Dwarf than the Enterprise with regards to space microbes.
You thought it was troublesome getting a cleaner to come to your condo in the city? According to one perspective, it’s exhausted, super-costly to run, and isn’t contributing a lot to space investigation any more, and is absorbing substantially a lot of room designers’ mind time.
Does that apply to any inheritance innovation you knew about? IT heritages don’t make cool recordings of the Earth from space or space travelers tumbling in microgravity, so they miss out vigorously to the International Space Station on the advertising front. They won’t be consuming 15% of a $22 billion spending plan by the same token
This document summarizes NASA's research on small satellites and nanosatellites. It discusses how smaller spacecraft can enable more science missions with lower costs through increased numbers of missions. Smallsats allow for a faster learning cycle and development of new technologies. NASA's Ames Research Center has developed several smallsat platforms and payloads over the past decade for applications in Earth science, heliophysics, planetary science, and astrophysics. These include gene expression, pharmaceutical, and spectroscopy experiments. Ames is working to mature technologies for smallsat missions like advanced components, autonomous operations, and formation flying.
This document summarizes the agenda and presentations for the November 9, 1999 NIAC Fellows Meeting. It includes an introduction by Dr. Robert Cassanova on transportation infrastructure from ground to air to space. The agenda then lists status reports from NIAC grant recipients on advanced concepts in various areas such as spacecraft propulsion, aeronautics, astronomy, and exploration. Related NIAC grants are also listed to show the connections between projects.
ILOA Galaxy Forum Hawaii 2014 -- Phil Merrell on Galaxy Education, Exploratio...ILOAHawaii
ILOA is an interglobal enterprise incorporated in Hawaii as a 501(c)(3) non-profit to expand human knowledge of the Cosmos through observation from our Moon and to participate in internationally cooperative lunar base build-out, with Aloha – the spirit of Hawai`i. The ILOA co-sponsors with its Space Age Publishing Company affiliate an international series of Galaxy Forums to advance 21st Century Education. Galaxy Forums, designed to provide greater global awareness, capabilities and action in Galaxy science, exploration and enterprise, are held in Hawaii, Silicon Valley, Canada, China, India, Japan, Europe, Africa, Chile, Brazil, Southeast Asia, Kansas and New York. Current plans are for expansion to Antarctica and beyond.
Space exploration provides benefits but also costs that require consideration. It drives innovation, increases knowledge, and gives hope. However, it is also costly and uses resources. A survey found most feel space exploration is necessary and the current budget is moderate, but money should also be spent improving lives on Earth. In conclusion, space exploration is important if the budget is well-managed to not worsen current conditions and instead improves living standards.
The document discusses recent developments in space exploration and travel. It outlines key milestones such as the first artificial satellites launched by the Soviet Union and the United States in the late 1950s. It also discusses early lunar missions in the 1960s including the first lunar soft landing and the first crewed lunar landing by Apollo 11 in 1969. The document then covers the use of autonomous technologies for deep space exploration and the potential benefits of space exploration including scientific discoveries, economic opportunities, and inspiration.
Here are definitions for the terms in the context of physics and space exploration:
- Microgravity: The condition of near weightlessness experienced in space. Objects in low-Earth orbit are in a continuous state of free fall which creates a sensation of weightlessness.
- Aeronautics: The science and technology of flight within Earth's atmosphere. It involves the design, development and manufacture of aircraft like airplanes, helicopters, hot air balloons and other flying machines.
- Extra-terrestrial: Originating or occurring outside Earth or its atmosphere. It refers to objects, phenomena and life that are not from Earth but from other celestial bodies like planets, moons, asteroids or other astronomical objects.
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1) The Cube Quest Challenge provides opportunities for educational and non-profit organizations to design small satellite payloads that further NASA's goals of strategic knowledge and technology development while also providing hands-on STEM experiences.
2) Three CubeSat missions - Lunar Flashlight, NEA Scout, and BioSentinel - have been selected for launch on the first Space Launch System mission in order to advance exploration objectives and address strategic knowledge gaps regarding resources on the Moon, near-Earth asteroids, and the deep space radiation environment.
3) These CubeSat missions leverage common designs and components where possible to control costs while collecting unique science and technology results through different mission profiles involving the Moon, asteroids, and
1) The Cube Quest Challenge relates to NASA's goals of expanding human presence in the solar system by addressing strategic knowledge gaps through small satellite missions.
2) The CubeSat Launch Initiative provides opportunities for educational institutions and non-profits to develop CubeSat payloads that support technology demonstration, scientific research, and STEM education.
3) Three proposed CubeSat missions for the first launch of the Space Launch System - Lunar Flashlight, NEA Scout, and BioSentinel - would address knowledge gaps in lunar ice detection, near earth asteroid characterization, and the effects of space radiation, respectively.
1) The Cube Quest Challenge provides opportunities for educational and non-profit organizations to design small satellite payloads that further NASA's goals of strategic knowledge and technology development while also providing hands-on STEM experiences.
2) Three CubeSat missions - Lunar Flashlight, NEA Scout, and BioSentinel - have been selected for launch on the first Space Launch System mission in order to advance exploration objectives and address strategic knowledge gaps regarding resources on the Moon, near-Earth asteroids, and the deep space radiation environment.
3) These CubeSat missions leverage common design approaches like CubeSat standards and solar sail technology to conduct science and demonstrations in cislunar space and deep space in
1) The Cube Quest Challenge provides opportunities for educational and non-profit organizations to design small satellite payloads that further NASA's goals of strategic knowledge and technology development while also providing hands-on STEM experiences.
2) Three CubeSat missions - Lunar Flashlight, NEA Scout, and BioSentinel - have been selected for launch on the first Space Launch System mission in order to address knowledge gaps in lunar ice detection, near earth asteroid characterization, and the biological effects of deep space radiation.
3) These CubeSat missions leverage common design approaches like solar sails and a 6U form factor to reduce costs while demonstrating exploration technologies and gaining scientific insights to help pave the way for future
- The document discusses the search for extraterrestrial intelligence (SETI) through radio astronomy and the possibility of communicating with advanced civilizations on other planets.
- While estimates suggest there could be over a million advanced civilizations in the Milky Way galaxy, only a small fraction of stars have been examined so far in SETI efforts.
- Receiving a radio signal from an extraterrestrial civilization would provide insights into key questions about the origin and evolution of life and intelligence in the universe.
The document discusses the design of magnetic sail (magsail) systems for spacecraft propulsion. It describes a proposed demonstrator magsail with a 200m radius and 25.7kg mass, and an operational magsail with 20,000m radius and 7,060 metric tonne mass. The operational design could accelerate at 0.003185 m/s^2 and deliver over 100,000kg payloads to Mars or Saturn. Future advances in superconductors could enable magsails to deliver payloads of over 400,000kg to Jupiter and millions of kilograms to the outer planets.
I. X-ray astronomy will play an increasingly important role in studies of the early universe and large scale structure, but these studies are ultimately limited by sparse photon numbers. There is a need to develop progressively larger collecting area telescopes under increasingly severe mass constraints.
II. The challenge is greater in the X-ray band than optical, as X-ray telescopes reflect X-rays twice, requiring reflectors two orders of magnitude larger than the effective aperture. Large mass is currently problematic for Constellation-X mission.
III. Looking beyond Constellation, a radically different approach is needed based on super lightweight reflectors and perhaps in situ assembly of the telescope. This could enable an ultra high throughput X-
This document discusses the concept of an X-ray interferometer called MAXIM that could achieve micro-arcsecond resolution. It would consist of an optics spacecraft holding multiple flat mirrors in formation with a detector spacecraft to form interference patterns. The goal is to image phenomena like black hole accretion disks and supernovae with much higher resolution than current telescopes. A pathfinder mission is proposed with 100 microarcsecond resolution using two spacecraft separated by 1.4 meters as a technology demonstration.
USAF intercepted a report of a Cuban pilot's encounter with a UFO. In the 1970s, reliable military personnel sighted unidentified aerial objects near nuclear weapons facilities. Though the Air Force said these were isolated incidents, an Air Force document revealed they implemented increased security measures. Newly declassified documents from the CIA, FBI and other agencies indicate unidentified flying objects exist and some pose a threat to national security by demonstrating technologies beyond present human capability. However, the government has misled the public about the true nature and implications of the UFO phenomenon.
This document summarizes the agenda for the NIAC Phase I Fellows Meeting held on October 23-24, 2002. It provides an overview of the presentations and speakers, including status reports on various advanced aerospace concepts from NIAC fellows, as well as keynote speeches from experts in the fields of aerial robotics and the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.
The document discusses the possibility of controlling global weather through small, precise perturbations to the atmosphere. It describes how the chaotic nature of the atmosphere implies sensitivity to small changes and suggests a series of small perturbations may control weather evolution. It outlines components a global weather control system may have, including advanced numerical weather prediction, satellite sensing, and methods to introduce perturbations. It also presents an experiment using data assimilation to calculate perturbations needed to slightly alter a hurricane's track as a proof of concept.
The document discusses observations of various amphibian and reptile species' behavior in microgravity during a flight experiment. It was found that none of the animals vomited, possibly because they did not eat before the flight or because amphibians and reptiles have a weaker vomiting response than mammals. Different species reacted variably based on their ecology and phylogeny. Flexible limbed lizards tended to roll more, while geckos commonly displayed a "skydiving posture" related to their arboreal ancestry. Overall reactions to microgravity varied significantly between species based on both ecology and evolutionary history.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise has also been shown to boost self-esteem and can serve as a healthy way to manage stress.
This document describes an operational analysis conducted as part of the Air Force 2025 study to identify
high-value future air and space system concepts and their enabling technologies. A value model called
Foundations 2025 was developed to quantify and compare different system concepts. Various futuristic
systems and technologies were identified, described, and scored using the model. The analysis determined
the most valuable system concepts and technologies that could enhance future air and space capabilities.
This document discusses a research paper presented to Air Force 2025 that argues the US Air Force should transition from being an atmospheric force to an infospheric force focused on controlling information and the battlespace. It proposes three new missions for the Air Force in the 21st century: extended information dominance to empower allies, global transparency to deter potential adversaries, and strategic defense. The paper advocates for the Air Force to develop a "metasystem" to integrate information and capabilities from all services and envisions the Air Force guiding the development and maintenance of this system.
This document summarizes potential paths to the extinction of the US Air Force by 2025. Externally, extinction could occur through the ascendancy of other military services, economic constraints, changes in strategic environment/policy, technological changes, or the rise of jointness. Internally, extinction could result from losing its vision/mission, mismanaging people/programs, choosing wrong future paths, being too effective at strategic war, or failing to adapt. The document argues the USAF risks becoming extinct unless it reverses trends threatening its viability and ability to evolve appropriately on external and internal challenges.
This document presents a research paper on Planetary Defense, which proposes establishing a system to protect Earth from catastrophic impacts by asteroids and comets. It discusses the threat posed by near-Earth objects, the social, economic and political implications of impacts, and recommends developing a three-tiered Planetary Defense System. The system would include detection subsystems to find threats, command and control systems, and mitigation subsystems to deflect objects, including kinetic impactors, mass drivers, solar sails and nuclear devices. It argues such a system could help ensure humanity's survival and have dual-use benefits from related technologies.
This document presents a research paper on space operations and a potential future system called the Global Area Strike System (GASS). It discusses issues around space operations in 2025, including manned vs unmanned systems and military vs cooperative operations. It then outlines the required capabilities for GASS, including timeliness, responsiveness, flexibility, and precision. It proposes an integrated system-of-systems for GASS using various weapon platforms and classes, including directed energy weapons, projectile weapons, and a transatmospheric vehicle. It concludes with concept of operations and recommendations.
This document provides a historical overview of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and their use by various militaries. It discusses early UAV development in the 1950s-1960s for reconnaissance and weapons delivery missions. During the Vietnam War, UAVs conducted thousands of reconnaissance missions with a high recovery rate. Experimental armed UAVs were also tested. Later, UAVs were used effectively by Israel in the 1970s-1980s and by the US during the Gulf War for reconnaissance. Following the Gulf War, the US began developing longer endurance UAVs like the Predator and Global Hawk to address reconnaissance needs. The document suggests expanding UAVs' role beyond reconnaissance to include lethal strike missions.
This document proposes an integrated hypersonic weapons platform called the S3 concept to fulfill three broad missions for US air and space forces in 2025: deliver decisive early blows, provide cost-effective in-theater dominance, and maintain access to space. The S3 concept involves three vehicles: the SHAAFT hypersonic attack aircraft, the SHMAC standoff hypersonic missile, and the SCREMAR reusable spaceplane. The SHAAFT would use a zero-stage flying wing to stage to Mach 3.5 and then cruise at Mach 12, able to launch the SHMAC missile or SCREMAR spaceplane. Together these vehicles aim to provide global reach, in-theater dominance, and access to space with
This document summarizes a research paper presented to Air Force 2025 that outlines special operations forces capabilities needed to conduct precision operations against weapons of mass destruction, high-value targets, and assets in the hypothetical world of 2025. The paper identifies communications, mobility, and destruction/neutralization as the top three enabling capabilities required for these missions. It then proposes various futuristic technologies that could fulfill requirements for these capabilities by 2025, such as stealth airlifters, extraction rockets, and targeting systems, to allow special operations forces to accomplish their missions with zero tolerance for error.
This document proposes a concept for Special Operations Regional Engagement (SORE) forces in 2025. The core capability of SORE forces would be engaging in less developed, first- and second-wave nations while not disrupting their evolution. SORE forces would exploit third-wave technology to operate effectively in these environments without introducing advanced technology prematurely. The proposed concept of operations involves SORE forces conducting defensive and offensive operations like training, advising, and assisting host nations. To enable these operations, the document outlines key tasks for SORE forces including recruitment, training, observation, communication, decision-making, countermeasures, and sustainment. It argues that SORE forces will need systems and technologies to complete these tasks while
This document proposes concepts and technologies for counterspace operations in 2025, including space detection, anti-satellite weapons, space interdiction nets, miniaturized satellites, satellite cloaking, kinetic and directed energy weapons. It outlines offensive and defensive counterspace architectures and recommends further analysis of miniaturization, stealth, detection and targeting concepts as well as kinetic and directed energy weapons. The goal is to maintain US space superiority as space becomes increasingly vital to national security and more countries and commercial entities access space.
1. National Aeronautics and
Space Administration
June 12, 2002
NASA’s Exploration Team:
Vision and Priorities
2. ““However our present interests may restrain us
with our own limits, it is impossible not to look
forward to distant times””
-- Thomas Jefferson
The Corps of
Discovery
and
America’’s
Future
3. 3
“The object of your mission is to explore…”
From Thomas Jefferson’s ‘Letter of Instruction’
to the Corps of Discovery [June 20, 1803]
Jefferson’s pillars for the country’s great enterprise of exploration:
“Instruments for ascertaining, by celestial observations, the geography of the
country…”
=> Scientific exploration, enabled by technology.
“…[and to ascertain the suitability of the frontier] for the purposes of commerce.”
=> Economic opportunity, enabled by government investment.
“Your observations are to be taken with great pains and accuracy, to be entered
distinctly and intelligibly for others as well as yourself….”
=> Public engagement, enabled by effective communication.
“You will therefore endeavor to make yourself acquainted, as far as diligent pursuit
of your journey shall admit, of…the extent of…[life beyond the frontier].”
=> The adventure of new discoveries…the unanticipated.
4. 4
Exploration of life in the Universe
. . . enabled by technology
first with robotic trailblazers,
and eventually humans,
going anywhere, anytime
NEXT’s Grand Vision
5. 5
Exploration of Life in the Universe
To discover scientific evidence and processes that reveal our place in the
Universe, by exploring new places and phenomena, leading outward beyond
the vicinity of the Earth, enhancing the quality of life and sharing the
adventure of discovery with all humanity.
The imperative for space exploration can be articulated by three Grand
Challenges:
How did we get here?
How did life arise on Earth?
How did intelligence evolve on Earth?
How did the Earth and Solar System form and evolve? . . .
Are we alone?
Are there other abodes for life in the Solar System?
Are there other abodes for life in the Universe? . . .
Where are we going?
What is the fate of life on Earth?
What is the interaction between life
and the Earth’s environment?
How do we optimize the role of humans in space? . . .
6. 6
• Exploration of Life in the Universe
• Changing the pace of discoveries and enabling new ones
• Bringing new machines on site to facilitate faster and
better science activities with higher and faster yields
• Ultimately bringing humans on site to radically alter the
pace of discoveries
• All of this is catalyzed by cycles of innovation-driven
investment
More on What the Vision is
7. 7
What is the NEXT Vision Difference?
• Minimum Energy Transfers
• Launch cost indiscriminant of payload value
• Destination-Dependent (in series)
• Humans Only to LEO
• Low-Bandwidth Telecomm
• Infrequent Visits: Hostage to Time
• Non-minimum Energy transfers
• Launch cost determined by payload value
• Destination-Open (in parallel)
• Humans to L2, Mars …. Wherever
• Video Bandwidth Telecomm
• Frequent visits: Sustained Operations
Increase value/lb - while decreasing cost/lb
Where Are We Today? Where Do We Want to Go
Tomorrow?
L2 Asteroids
LEO
Investing in technology makes the difference:
8. 8
Traceable Thought Process and Current Progress
NASA-wide Vision
Science Questions and Pursuits
Activities
(measurements, experiments, etc) to address questions
Destinations
at which or from which questions are addressed
Human & Robotic Integration
Architecture Concepts
Science and capabilities analysis -
Metrics defining human enabling
functions
Exploration Vision -
Codes S, Y, U and HEDS science
Exploration Capabilities -
Enabling classes of destinations
Technology Breakthroughs -
Roadmaps,
Technology Assessments,
Technology Investment Strategy
Destination/Technology-Specific
Architecture Analysis
Technology Investment Portfolios
9. 9
Example Science Traceability
Vision Science
Question
s
Pursuits Activities Destinations
How Did
We Get
Here?
Where Are
We
Going?
Are We
Alone?
• History of
major Solar
System events
• Effects of
deep space
on cells
• Impact of
human and
natural events
upon Earth
• Origin of life
in the Solar
System
• Planetary sample
analysis: absolute
age determination
“calibrating the clocks”
• Measurement of
genomic responses
to radiation
• Measurement of
Earth’s vital signs
“taking the pulse”
• Detection of bio-markers
and
hospitable
environments
• Moon
• Mars
• Asteroids
• Beyond
Van-Allen
belts
• Earth
orbits
• Libration
points
• Mars
• Europa
• Titan
• Cometary
nuclei
• Libration
points
•Solar System
evolution
• Humans
adaptability to
space
•Earth’s
sustainability and
habitability
• Life beyond the
planet of origin
• Origin of life
in the
Universe
10. 10
Discovery:
Origin of the Earth -
Moon system
Ranger
Surveyor
Lunar orbiter
Apollo 11
Apollo 12 @
Surveyor 3 site
Apollo 17 Rover
Clementin
e
Lunar
Prospector
Discoveries
Time
Leadership:
Emerged as
Cold War victor
Prosperity:
Catalyst for
“information age”
Motivation:
Surge in
education of
scientists and
engineers
Why Use Humans?
To Accelerate Discovery & Innovation
10
11. 11
Why Use Humans?
Astronauts Enable Discoveries: HST
Science Value*
*1990-1999 data - most important stories per year
Source: Science News
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
50
HST Pre-Servicing
HST Post-Servicing
Launch Servicing
Mission 1
•COSTAR
• WFPC2
Servicing
Mission 2
• STIS
• NICMOS
Servicing
Mission 3a
Spherical
aberration
Gyro
failure
Vision restored to HST
BEFORE AFTER
Infrared
Observations Begin
The Birth of Stars
12. 12
The Places We Could Go
The Mars
Moon
Earth-
Moon L1
Asteroids or
Other
Targets...
Earth and LEO The Earth’s
Neighborhood
Accessible Planetary
Surfaces
Outer
Planet
s
Discover
pale blue dots with
gigantic telescopes
Discover
Solar System history
Discover
traces of life
Discover
life in
Europa’s
oceans
Sun-
Earth L2
Discover
valuable
resources
L1
L2
12
13. 13
Sustainable
Planetary Presence
Goa annyytwimheere,
Earth and LEO
Earth’s
Neighborhood
Accessible
Planetary Surface
• Space Station
experience
• Solar System
learning
• Technology
advancements
• Traveling out to
~1.5 AU, and
beyond
• Enabling
sustainable
scientific research
• Sustaining
operations on
another planet
• Staying for
indefinite periods
• Traveling out to
1.5 AU
• Enabling tactical
investigations
• Visiting and
operating on
another planet
• Staying for 1-3
years
• Traveling up to
1.5 million km
• Enabling huge
optical
systems
• Operating in
deep space
• Staying for 50-
100 d
Stepping Stones
14. 14
Current
Concepts &
Technologies
New
Concepts
New
Technologies
New Concepts Using
New Technologies
Revolutionary
Concepts Using
Breakthrough
Technologies
New
Concepts and
Current
Technologies
Current
Concepts and
New
Technologies
Overview
NEXT Approach
15. 15
• Discovered new approach for meeting trajectory requirements for
vehicles in Earth’s Neighborhood with new benefits;
– Low energy transfers between Lunar L1 and solar L2
– Created efficient Gateway Concept
Lunar L1
Gateway
Mars
High Earth
Orbit
Solar L2
Gateway
Telescope
Constructio
n
Lunar
Missions
Earth’s
Neighborhood
Earth’s Neighborhood
New Approach to Exploration Concepts
• Initial approach had
separate scenarios, each
requiring support
infrastructures
17. 17
Example Architecture: Mars Mission
(SEP Option)
Habitat Lander and Ascent/Descent Vehicles
delivered to Low Earth Orbit with “Shuttle
Class” launcher. Solar Electric Propulsion
stage spirals cargo to High Earth Orbit.
Chemical injection used at perigee. SEP
spirals back to LEO for reuse.
Surface Habitat and
exploration gear
aerocaptures into Mars
orbit
Ascent/Descent Vehicle
aerocaptures and remains
in Mars orbit for the crew
Surface Habitat lands and
performs initial setup and
checkout - Initial outpost
established
Transit Habitat vehicle delivered to LEO with
“Shuttle Class” launcher. SEP spirals Transit Habitat
to High Earth Orbit. Crew delivered to vehicle via
crew taxi. SEP spirals back to LEO for reuse.
Crew travels to Mars in “fast
transit” 180-206 day transfer.
Aerobrakes into Mars orbit
Crew rendezvous with Descent/Ascent
Vehicle in Mars Orbit then lands in
vicinity of Habitat Lander
Habitat
remains in
Mars orbit
Mars Surface
Crew ascends and
rendezvous with waiting
Transit Habitat
Crew returns to Earth on “fast
transit” 180-206 day transfer.
Direct entry at Earth
30 days provided
to satisfy “long-stay”
criteria.
Earth
18. 18
Evaluating Technology Investments
Example: Mars Human Mission
Mass Savings Normalized to ISS Mass
Cumulative Probability of Launch Success
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
Today
Advanced Avionics (7%)
Maintenance & Spares (18%)
Advanced Materials (17%)
Closed life Support (34%)
Advanced Propulsion
(EP or Nuclear) (45%)
Aerobraking (42%)
Normalized Mass
Launch Success
HW
Consum-ables
18
19. 19
• Nuclear Electric Propulsion can provide both IMLEO and trip time benefits for piloted and robotic missions
• Significant enhancements from advanced power and thruster technologies
• Lack of sunlight prevents use of SEP or Solar Sails for orbit rendezvous missions significantly beyond Mars
0 1 2 3
Crew
Cargo
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
Flight Time (Years)
Initial Mass in Low Earth Orbit, IMLEO (MT)
8 10 12 14 16
NEP
Chemical +
Aerocapture
Chemical
10 15 20 25 30 35
Chemical
NEP
Chemical +
Aerocapture
Flight Time (Years) Flight Time (Years)
NEP
Advanced Near-Term
0
50
100
150
200
Piloted Mars Neptune Pluto Rendezvous
• Much harder than flyby
due to need for slowing
down
Evaluating Technology Investments
Example: Nuclear Electric Propulsion
200
150
100
50
20. 20
Gas Core NT
ISS
Mass
(~470 mt)
0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
1000
500
2000
1500
~~ All SEP
6*
Opp-class
Tether / Chem
w/ Basestation
M2P2
HPEP/NEP
VaSIMR
7*
3*
IMLEO
(mt)
4000
Round Trip Mission Duration (years)
Trip time is for the crew departing from HEO.
3 - Tether / Chemical
4 - HPEP / NEP
5 - VaSIMR
6 - SEP / Chemical
7 - All SEP
* = One year total trip time
Min Energy
Tether / Chem
w/ Basestation
SEP/
Chem
4*
3
5*
4
67
6*
Evaluating Technology Investments
Example: Interplanetary Transportation Options
HEO Departure to Mars
Typical pre-DPT reference
mission duration
20
21. 21
In-Space Transportation Technologies
„ High power electric propulsion (Isp: 3500 - 10,000 sec; power: 100 kW - 1 MW)
„ Aeroassist and aerocapture (mid L/D aeroshells; ballutes)
„ Plasma sails for efficient interplanetary transfer and inherent radiation protection
„ Fission propulsion for reduced IMLEO and enhanced crew safety
„ Momentum Transfer Tethers as a reusable in-space infrastructure for robotic and human exploration
„ High energy density materials and advanced chemical fuels to increase Isp and reduce propulsion system mass
Application
Missions
Humans to LEO. Upper
Stages for LEO-to-GEO and
robotic missions
Human mission capability for near-
Earth space. Robotic missions
anywhere in the solar system
Safe, low-cost human and
robotic exploration of the
solar system
Safety & Reliability
Mass
Cost
~1/200 failure probability
Chemical state-of-the-art
$3000/kg LEO-to-GEO
100X safer
3X - 5X reduction
$1000/kg - $300/kg
10,000X safer
10X reduction
$300 - $100/kg
Leading Candidate Technologies:
National Benefits:
Now 10 Years 20 Years
Lower cost and more reliable space transportation for commercial enterprises (e.g., communications, resource
monitoring, tourism) and defense needs
22. 22
Evaluating Technology Investments
Example: ETO Cargo Trade Space
$9,700 - $11,100/kg
payload
Launch Frequency
@ 400 mt/yr
Scale @
8 km/s Shot
ROM Cost
Payload mass to
LEO: 5000 kg
78 Launches
Slingatron
Blast Wave
Accelerator
Electromagnetic
Coil Gun
Rail Gun
ELVs
Delta 7920
Pegasus
800 Launches
@1-25/day
800 Launches
@ 1 - 2/ day
800 Launches
@ 1-3/day
Gyration = 9 Hz
D = 300 m
Number of
explosive
rings = 2,800
L = 860 m
L = Several
hundred
meters
Non-recurring:
$2.2B
Recurring: $650 -
$2,540/kg payload
Non-recurring: $1+B
Recurring: $1,238 -
$3,122/kg payload
Non-recurring: $2.7B
Recurring: $3,000-
$5000/kg
Strength/Weakness
Strength
- High Frequency
launch
Weakness
- Engineering
complexity
Strength
- High energy
density explosive
Weakness
-Controlled
detonation
Strength
- Higher technical
maturity
Weakness
- Massive electric
energy storage
Candidates
888 Launches Payload mass to
LEO: 450 kg
$26,700 - $33,300/kg
payload
22
23. 23
Power System Technologies
Now 10 Years 20 Years
Application
Missions
LEO/GEO satellites
Earth & planetary science missions
International Space Station
Mars long-stay robotic labs
Libration point observatories
Electric propulsion
Human missions far from Earth
High power electric propulsion
Leading Candidate Technologies:
„ Thin-film and high-efficiency photovoltaic cells to reduce the array area and stowed volume
„ Advanced dynamic and static conversion to reduce both thermal input and radiator size
„ High density energy storage to increase the duration of mobile systems
„ High efficiency power management and distribution to reduce losses and save system mass
Increased reliability and reduced cost of NASA, military and commercial satellites and spacecraft.
More compact power systems for remote terrestrial applications, hybrid/electric vehicles and hand-held
devices.
National Benefits:
kW class Mars surface PV
10+kW surface nuclear
Higher efficiency/low mass PV
for in-space
Short duration/low power Mars
surface PV
100w class RTGs
10-100kW near-Earth PV
Multi-MW PV and nuclear
dynamic systems for in-space
100+kW surface nuclear
Robust, high power surface
systems
Power level
&
Robustness
24. 24
Applications Nuclear Isotope PV only PV/ RFC PV/ Batt FC/ RFC Batt. Beam Power Level
LEO Fuel Depot X X X ~3 MW
BNTR X X 30-50kW
NEP X 30-50kW/ 100kW-MMW
SEP/ Chem X X 20-30kW/ 1-2MW
Ascent/ Descent/ Re X X X 3-5kW
30 day Mars X X X X X 10-20kW
500 day Mars X 60-100kW
10 hour rover X X X crewed, 1-3 kW
Multi-day rover X X X X crewed, 5-10 kW
Mars mobile drill X X X X X 1-5 kW
14 day lunar X X X 2-100kW
45 day Lunar X X X 10-100kW
Lunar S. pole X X X X X X 2-100kW
L2 X X X X 2-10kW
= Preferred concept
Evaluating Technology Investments
Example: Power Trade Space
25. 25
Crew Health & Safety: Radiation Protection
Application Missions
Uncertainty in cancer
risk
Radiobiological
database
Solar flare strategies
Model Validation
Leading Candidates Technologies:
„ Biomolecular risk prediction; molecular surveillance; genetic screening
„ New structural materials with optimal shielding properties with significant improvement over aluminum
„ Electromagnetic shields, including electrostatic, magnetic, and plasma shields from innovative
propulsive techniques
„ Pharmacology: antioxidants, antisense drug discovery, ribozymes; cell cycle modifiers
„ Biomolecular intervention, such as stem cell replacement and gene therapy
Short duration
missions in low Earth
orbit
Extended missions in
Earth’s
Neighborhood
Long-duration
missions to more
distant destinations
600%
10% complete
40% complete
Ground facilities
120%
50% complete
75% complete
ISS; free flyers; balloons
50%
100% complete
100% complete
Beyond Van Allen Belts
Now 10 years 20 years
October 1989 SPE
0 4 8 12 16 20 24
EVA Dose, Sv
0.001
0.01
0.1
Kρ=7
> <
Magnetic Disturbance Index, Kρ
EVA Safe
Window
Kρ=5
Kρ=1
Daytime, hr
Flight rules Optimal shielding materials Biomolecular Intervention
26. 26
Risk/Uncertainty
Exploration Location/
Duration 3%
lifetime
limit
LEO+
500-1000
Days
* NEXT funded Activities
Attacking the Radiation Challenge
CURRENT MITIGATION
Safe Havens
Career/Mission Time Constraints
Dosimetry
Historical Data/Modeling
Earth’s Magnetic Field
ADVANCED APPROACHES
Fast Transit
Personnel Screening
Active Shielding*
Pharmaceuticals
Integ. Design of Passive Shields*
Materials*
Tissue Testing/Modeling
LEO
180 Days
As Low As
Reasonably
Achievable
28. 28
Strength-to-Mass Ratio
Deployment.
Embedded Elements
Application Missions
National Benefits:
Benefits all facets of standard of living and national defense, such as medical, all forms of transportation, computing,
energygenration and distribution, military vehicles, etc.
Leading Candidate Technologies:
„ Carbon Nanotubes with up to 1000 times greater strength/mass
„ Carbon nanotube microfibers with 40x stiffness/mass
„ Thin-film materials with 1% nanotube whisker reinforced polymers results in dramatic improvement in thin film properties
„ Wide bandgap semiconductors for high temperature environments, high-power circuitry, and high-strength MEMS devices
„ Silicon carbide & elastomeric foams for self deploying & complex space structures
„ Zeolites, carbon molecular sieves, etc. for in situ propellant production and air/water revitalization
Materials Technologies
Aluminum - 1x
Very low precision
Antennas, some sensors
Small robotic missions
International Space Station
Aluminum Now
Large-aperture robotic
missions
Light-weight launch vehicles
10x
Low precision
Add: Receivers,
transmitters,
interconnects
1000x
High precision structures
Add: Propulsion,
processors, actuators, etc.
Low-mass, smart structures for
human & robotic exploration
Thin-film radar antenna10 years Nanotube Space Elevato2r0 years
29. 29
Downselect
points for
multiple
technology
development
Now 2010+ 2020+ 2030+
NEXT / THREADS R&T Approach:
Progressive Exploration Capabilities
Sustainable
Planetary Surface
Capability
Accessible
Planetary Surface
Capability
•• In-space propulsion,
Isp>1000 sec
•• Power systems, >200
w/kg
•• Integrated Human/
robotic capabilities
•• Crew countermeasures
for 100 days
•• Closed water/air systems
•• Materials, factor of 9
•• IVHM - Integrated vehicle
health monitoring
•• Current launch systems
•• In-space propulsion,
Isp>3000 sec
•• Power systems,
>500 w/kg
•• Robotic
aggregation/assembly
•• Crew
countermeasures for
1-3 years
•• Closed life support
•• Materials, factor of 20
•• Micro-/Nano- avionics
•• ETO @ ~$2000/kg
•• In-space propulsion,
Isp>3000 sec
•• Sustainable power
systems
•• Intelligent systems,
orbital and planetary
•• Crew
countermeasures for
indefinite duration
•• ISRU for consumables
& spares
•• Materials, factor of 40
•• Automated reasoning
and smart sensing
•• ETO @ <$2000/kg
Earth’’s
Neighborhood
Capability
29
30. 30
“As for the future, your task is not to
foresee it, but to enable it.”
A. de Saint-Exupery
30