Virus
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Viruses are non-cellular microorganisms composed of nucleic acid and protein that can only replicate inside living cells. They come in various shapes and their basic structure consists of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat, and sometimes a membrane. Viruses can have different effects on infected cells, such as taking over the cell's reproductive mechanism to produce more viruses or causing the cell to break open and release the new viruses. Examples of diseases caused by viruses include influenza, HIV/AIDS, chickenpox, measles, mumps, and rubella.
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Virus & virus like organisms
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A brief introduction of viruses
This document provides a brief introduction to viruses. It defines viruses as obligate intracellular parasites that can infect bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, plants, and animals. The document discusses some of the key discoveries in virology in the late 19th century. It also poses several questions about the nature and characteristics of viruses. The document then describes the basic properties of viruses, including their ultra-small size, lack of cells, protein capsids surrounding genetic material, and need to hijack host cell machinery to replicate. It discusses viral structure and different modes of viral multiplication.
Classification of virus
This document discusses the classification of viruses. It describes how viruses are classified based on their morphology, genome, and other properties. There are three major categories of viruses: animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages. Animal viruses are further classified into families based on their nucleic acid content, envelope, and other features. Plant viruses and bacteriophages are also organized into families and genera according to their genome and structure. The Baltimore classification and ICTV classification systems provide frameworks for systematically grouping viruses.
General characteristics of virus
Viruses are the smallest infectious agents that can only replicate inside living host cells. They are metabolically inert and made up of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an outer envelope as well. Viruses come in different shapes, sizes and structures depending on the symmetry of their capsids. They infect plants, animals and bacteria. Viruses replicate through lytic and lysogenic cycles where they take over the host cell machinery to produce new virus particles. While they exhibit some living properties like mutation and existing in different strains, viruses still lack many cellular functions and rely entirely on host cells for reproduction.
Virology
Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents, including their taxonomy, disease-producing properties, culture, and genetics. Viruses are non-cellular biological entities that consist of DNA or RNA genomes enclosed in a protein coat. They can only reproduce within living cells. Influenza is caused by RNA viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. There are three main types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Influenza A is further classified into subtypes based on surface proteins and can infect both humans and animals. Influenza causes respiratory illness with symptoms like fever, cough and sore throat. It spreads through respiratory droplets and the best prevention is an annual flu vaccine.
Virology: study of virus
Virology is the study of viruses, which are submicroscopic particles that contain genetic material within a protein coat. It focuses on virus structure, classification, evolution, infection of host cells, interaction with host physiology and immunity, diseases caused, isolation and culture techniques, and application in research and therapy. Viruses can be classified according to the nucleic acid type that makes up their genome and how they replicate - including DNA viruses, RNA viruses, and reverse transcribing viruses. Major branches of virology include classification of animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages.
virus powerpoint
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They are smaller than bacteria and contain genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes and cause diseases like influenza, measles, HIV/AIDS, and some cancers. Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine for smallpox using a related cowpox virus. Viruses are identified based on their morphology, genetic material, presence of an envelope, capsid shape, host cell, and more. They exist in nature as parasites and depend on host cells for reproduction through lysogenic or lytic cycles.
structure morphology_of_viruses
Viruses have a basic structure consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an additional phospholipid envelope. Viruses come in a few different symmetries for their capsids including icosahedral, helical, binal, and complex. Icosahedral capsids can be enveloped or non-enveloped while helical capsids are long and spiral-shaped. Binal symmetry combines icosahedral and helical features with a head and tail. Complex symmetry refers to asymmetrical virus structures.
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Virus & virus like organisms
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A brief introduction of viruses
This document provides a brief introduction to viruses. It defines viruses as obligate intracellular parasites that can infect bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, plants, and animals. The document discusses some of the key discoveries in virology in the late 19th century. It also poses several questions about the nature and characteristics of viruses. The document then describes the basic properties of viruses, including their ultra-small size, lack of cells, protein capsids surrounding genetic material, and need to hijack host cell machinery to replicate. It discusses viral structure and different modes of viral multiplication.
Classification of virus
This document discusses the classification of viruses. It describes how viruses are classified based on their morphology, genome, and other properties. There are three major categories of viruses: animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages. Animal viruses are further classified into families based on their nucleic acid content, envelope, and other features. Plant viruses and bacteriophages are also organized into families and genera according to their genome and structure. The Baltimore classification and ICTV classification systems provide frameworks for systematically grouping viruses.
General characteristics of virus
Viruses are the smallest infectious agents that can only replicate inside living host cells. They are metabolically inert and made up of either DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an outer envelope as well. Viruses come in different shapes, sizes and structures depending on the symmetry of their capsids. They infect plants, animals and bacteria. Viruses replicate through lytic and lysogenic cycles where they take over the host cell machinery to produce new virus particles. While they exhibit some living properties like mutation and existing in different strains, viruses still lack many cellular functions and rely entirely on host cells for reproduction.
Virology
Virology is the study of viruses and virus-like agents, including their taxonomy, disease-producing properties, culture, and genetics. Viruses are non-cellular biological entities that consist of DNA or RNA genomes enclosed in a protein coat. They can only reproduce within living cells. Influenza is caused by RNA viruses of the Orthomyxoviridae family. There are three main types of influenza viruses - A, B, and C. Influenza A is further classified into subtypes based on surface proteins and can infect both humans and animals. Influenza causes respiratory illness with symptoms like fever, cough and sore throat. It spreads through respiratory droplets and the best prevention is an annual flu vaccine.
Virology: study of virus
Virology is the study of viruses, which are submicroscopic particles that contain genetic material within a protein coat. It focuses on virus structure, classification, evolution, infection of host cells, interaction with host physiology and immunity, diseases caused, isolation and culture techniques, and application in research and therapy. Viruses can be classified according to the nucleic acid type that makes up their genome and how they replicate - including DNA viruses, RNA viruses, and reverse transcribing viruses. Major branches of virology include classification of animal viruses, plant viruses, and bacteriophages.
virus powerpoint
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They are smaller than bacteria and contain genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes and cause diseases like influenza, measles, HIV/AIDS, and some cancers. Edward Jenner developed the first vaccine for smallpox using a related cowpox virus. Viruses are identified based on their morphology, genetic material, presence of an envelope, capsid shape, host cell, and more. They exist in nature as parasites and depend on host cells for reproduction through lysogenic or lytic cycles.
structure morphology_of_viruses
Viruses have a basic structure consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an additional phospholipid envelope. Viruses come in a few different symmetries for their capsids including icosahedral, helical, binal, and complex. Icosahedral capsids can be enveloped or non-enveloped while helical capsids are long and spiral-shaped. Binal symmetry combines icosahedral and helical features with a head and tail. Complex symmetry refers to asymmetrical virus structures.
General properties of viruses
Viruses are microscopic organisms that exist almost everywhere on earth. They can infect animals, plants, fungi, and even bacteria.Viruses vary in complexity. They consist of genetic material, RNA or DNA, surrounded by a coat of protein, lipid (fat), or glycoprotein. Viruses cannot replicate without a host, so they are classified as parasitic.They are considered the most abundant biological entity on the planet.
Here we discuss the general properties of viruses in detail.
Viruses
1) Viruses are non-living infectious particles that contain genetic material and a protein coat called a capsid. 2) Viruses can only replicate inside a host cell by injecting their genetic material and using the host cell's machinery. 3) Viruses exist in two states - as active viruses when infecting a host cell, or dormant virions when not in contact with a host.
Virus structure by Kainat Ramzan
The term ‘virus’ derives from the Latin – poison or Venom.• Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, use their genome (DNA or RNA) to replicate themselves in the host cells and synthesize viral particle.The viral structure mainly having following parts: Viral genome, Capsid, Some are enclosed by an envelope while Some viruses have spikes.• Viruses are classified on basis of their morphology, structure, Genome, presence of envelope, type of host, mode of transmission, replication site and Baltimore classification.
5. introduction to viruses
This document provides an overview of viruses and their structure and life cycle. It discusses:
1. The history of virus discovery and early research showing that viruses are smaller than bacteria and can pass through filters.
2. The basic structure of viruses, which typically includes a protein capsid enclosing nucleic acids, and some viruses having an outer envelope.
3. The virus life cycle, which generally involves adsorption to a host cell, penetration, replication of viral components, assembly of new virus particles, and release through budding or cell lysis.
Virus
A simple description of a virus, how it works and affects our bodies, and how the body defends itself against the virus and what is a virus originally, and how it multiplies in our bodies.
Virus
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They are much smaller than bacteria and come in various shapes. Viruses cause diseases like smallpox, influenza, and AIDS. They enter cells and use the cell's machinery to replicate themselves before destroying the cell. While viruses cannot live outside of a host, they have developed ways to spread between hosts, such as through respiratory droplets or animal vectors. The best ways to prevent viral spread are vaccination, good hygiene like handwashing, and avoiding contact with infected bodily fluids.
Viruses ppt
Viruses are microscopic particles that can only reproduce inside living cells. They contain genetic material inside a protein coat and come in various shapes. Viruses use the machinery of host cells to produce more viruses rather than healthy new cells. They are classified based on shape, genetic material, and the type of disease or organism they affect. Viruses can either enter a lytic cycle where they immediately destroy the host cell to release new viruses, or a lysogenic cycle where their genes remain inactive until triggering further infection. Antibiotics do not work on viruses, so prevention through vaccination is important.
Study of viruses
The document provides information about viruses, including:
i. Viruses are genetic elements enclosed in protein that can only reproduce inside living host cells. They were first observed for their ability to cause disease in the late 19th century.
ii. Viruses are composed of a protein coat called a capsid that encloses their genetic material of either DNA or RNA. They vary greatly in size and shape.
iii. Viruses can only reproduce by taking over the cellular machinery of host cells and forcing the cells to produce new virus particles. Their replication cycles involve adsorption to host cells, penetration of the cells, synthesis of new viral components, assembly of new virus particles, and release of progeny viruses.
Introduction To Virus
Viruses are acellular organisms that can only replicate inside host cells. They contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material but lack enzymes to synthesize proteins or metabolic machinery. A virus infects a host cell and uses the cell's machinery to produce copies of its genome and proteins which self-assemble into new virus particles. Viruses are distinguished from other parasites by their inability to grow outside of host cells and lack of cellular structure. They have played a major role in human diseases throughout history such as smallpox, measles, and influenza.
Structure of Animal Viruses
1. The document discusses the structure and classification of several important animal viruses: rhabdovirus, influenza virus, paramyxovirus, hepatitis B virus, and retroviruses.
2. It provides information on their genetic material, morphology from electron micrographs, and proteins. Rhabdovirus is bullet-shaped with a helical nucleocapsid. Influenza virus is spherical with segmented negative-sense RNA.
3. Paramyxovirus is spherical and polymorphic with a helical nucleocapsid. Hepatitis B virus is spherical and enveloped with circular DNA. Retroviruses have spherical cores with two copies of positive-sense RNA and the enzyme reverse transcript
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This document provides an overview of viruses, including their definition, characteristics, structure, classification, pathogenesis, and medically relevant examples. Key points include:
- Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that consist of nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat and in some cases an envelope. They come in a variety of shapes including icosahedral, helical, and complex.
- Viruses are classified based on their nucleic acid composition, structure, strandedness, and presence of an envelope. This includes DNA vs. RNA viruses.
- Viruses replicate inside host cells by attaching, entering, releasing their genome, hijacking the cell's machinery to produce more viral components, and assembling and releasing new viral particles.
Viruses
This document provides an overview of viruses, including their history of discovery, characteristics, components, shapes, classification, bacteriophages, replication cycles, enveloped viruses, and other related infectious agents like viroids and prions. It discusses key scientists and experiments that contributed to the understanding of viruses. The replication cycles of lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages as well as enveloped DNA and RNA viruses are described.
Animal viruses
Animal viruses are self replicating, intracellular parasites that completely rely on host animal cell for reproduction. They use the host's cellular components to replicate, then leaves the host cell to infect other cells.
B.sc.(micro) i em unit 3.5 viruses
Viruses have both living and non-living properties. They contain nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid, and some have an additional lipid envelope. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes, and infect bacteria, plants, and animals. They are able to replicate by entering host cells and using the host's cellular machinery to produce new virus particles, which then exit and infect new host cells.
Virus powerpoint
Viruses exist in a boundary between living and non-living things. They cannot reproduce without infecting a host cell and using the cell's machinery. Viruses consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat, and sometimes an envelope. They infect all types of life from animals and plants to bacteria. While viruses disrupt hosts and cause disease, they also play important roles in evolution by transferring genes between organisms.
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The document discusses two main schemes for classifying viruses: the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) system and the Baltimore classification system. The ICTV system is charged with developing and maintaining a universal virus taxonomy based on phenotypic characteristics. It establishes taxonomic ranks down to the species level. The Baltimore classification system groups viruses into seven categories based on their nucleic acid type and replication method.
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This document provides information about bacteria and viruses from a biology class. It defines bacteria as prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that have all the characteristics of living things. Viruses are not considered living as they require a host cell to replicate. The document outlines the structures of bacteria and viruses and how they cause disease. It describes how antibiotics can treat bacterial but not viral infections, while antivirals and vaccinations can respectively treat and prevent certain viral infections. The best way to avoid sickness is emphasized as practicing good hygiene.
Characteristics of virus
Viruses have a simple structure consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein capsid. They can only replicate inside living cells by using the host cell's machinery. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They exhibit variability in size and structure, with T-even phages being the most complex. Bacteriophage infection involves adsorption to host cell receptors, penetration of the nucleic acid into the cytoplasm, replication of new viral components using the host cell, maturation of new viral particles, and release through lysis of the host cell.
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Viruses are ultra-microscopic, non-cellular agents that can only multiply inside host cells. They contain genetic material such as DNA or RNA encased within a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an outer envelope as well. Viruses infect organisms by injecting their genetic material inside host cells and using the cell's machinery to replicate themselves. They are classified based on their structure, type of nucleic acid, size and shape of capsid, and presence of enzymes or envelope. Viruses can be transmitted between organisms in various ways including mechanically, through vectors like insects or fungi, or vertically through seeds or grafts. They have many applications in fields like molecular biology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology.
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This document discusses viruses, including their classification, structure, and methods of cultivation. Viruses are the smallest infectious agents, ranging from 20-300nm in diameter. They contain nucleic acid enclosed in a protein shell called a capsid. Viruses can only replicate inside living cells. They are typically classified based on attributes like nucleic acid type, size, and morphology. Common methods of cultivating viruses involve inoculation into laboratory animals, embryonated eggs, or cell cultures. Within a host cell, viruses undergo replication cycles of attachment, penetration, uncoating, biosynthesis, maturation, and release of progeny virions.
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General properties of viruses
Viruses are microscopic organisms that exist almost everywhere on earth. They can infect animals, plants, fungi, and even bacteria.Viruses vary in complexity. They consist of genetic material, RNA or DNA, surrounded by a coat of protein, lipid (fat), or glycoprotein. Viruses cannot replicate without a host, so they are classified as parasitic.They are considered the most abundant biological entity on the planet.
Here we discuss the general properties of viruses in detail.
Viruses
1) Viruses are non-living infectious particles that contain genetic material and a protein coat called a capsid. 2) Viruses can only replicate inside a host cell by injecting their genetic material and using the host cell's machinery. 3) Viruses exist in two states - as active viruses when infecting a host cell, or dormant virions when not in contact with a host.
Virus structure by Kainat Ramzan
The term ‘virus’ derives from the Latin – poison or Venom.• Viruses are much smaller than bacteria, use their genome (DNA or RNA) to replicate themselves in the host cells and synthesize viral particle.The viral structure mainly having following parts: Viral genome, Capsid, Some are enclosed by an envelope while Some viruses have spikes.• Viruses are classified on basis of their morphology, structure, Genome, presence of envelope, type of host, mode of transmission, replication site and Baltimore classification.
5. introduction to viruses
This document provides an overview of viruses and their structure and life cycle. It discusses:
1. The history of virus discovery and early research showing that viruses are smaller than bacteria and can pass through filters.
2. The basic structure of viruses, which typically includes a protein capsid enclosing nucleic acids, and some viruses having an outer envelope.
3. The virus life cycle, which generally involves adsorption to a host cell, penetration, replication of viral components, assembly of new virus particles, and release through budding or cell lysis.
Virus
A simple description of a virus, how it works and affects our bodies, and how the body defends itself against the virus and what is a virus originally, and how it multiplies in our bodies.
Virus
Viruses are non-living particles that can only reproduce inside host cells. They are much smaller than bacteria and come in various shapes. Viruses cause diseases like smallpox, influenza, and AIDS. They enter cells and use the cell's machinery to replicate themselves before destroying the cell. While viruses cannot live outside of a host, they have developed ways to spread between hosts, such as through respiratory droplets or animal vectors. The best ways to prevent viral spread are vaccination, good hygiene like handwashing, and avoiding contact with infected bodily fluids.
Viruses ppt
Viruses are microscopic particles that can only reproduce inside living cells. They contain genetic material inside a protein coat and come in various shapes. Viruses use the machinery of host cells to produce more viruses rather than healthy new cells. They are classified based on shape, genetic material, and the type of disease or organism they affect. Viruses can either enter a lytic cycle where they immediately destroy the host cell to release new viruses, or a lysogenic cycle where their genes remain inactive until triggering further infection. Antibiotics do not work on viruses, so prevention through vaccination is important.
Study of viruses
The document provides information about viruses, including:
i. Viruses are genetic elements enclosed in protein that can only reproduce inside living host cells. They were first observed for their ability to cause disease in the late 19th century.
ii. Viruses are composed of a protein coat called a capsid that encloses their genetic material of either DNA or RNA. They vary greatly in size and shape.
iii. Viruses can only reproduce by taking over the cellular machinery of host cells and forcing the cells to produce new virus particles. Their replication cycles involve adsorption to host cells, penetration of the cells, synthesis of new viral components, assembly of new virus particles, and release of progeny viruses.
Introduction To Virus
Viruses are acellular organisms that can only replicate inside host cells. They contain either DNA or RNA as their genetic material but lack enzymes to synthesize proteins or metabolic machinery. A virus infects a host cell and uses the cell's machinery to produce copies of its genome and proteins which self-assemble into new virus particles. Viruses are distinguished from other parasites by their inability to grow outside of host cells and lack of cellular structure. They have played a major role in human diseases throughout history such as smallpox, measles, and influenza.
Structure of Animal Viruses
1. The document discusses the structure and classification of several important animal viruses: rhabdovirus, influenza virus, paramyxovirus, hepatitis B virus, and retroviruses.
2. It provides information on their genetic material, morphology from electron micrographs, and proteins. Rhabdovirus is bullet-shaped with a helical nucleocapsid. Influenza virus is spherical with segmented negative-sense RNA.
3. Paramyxovirus is spherical and polymorphic with a helical nucleocapsid. Hepatitis B virus is spherical and enveloped with circular DNA. Retroviruses have spherical cores with two copies of positive-sense RNA and the enzyme reverse transcript
3. Virus lecture
This document provides an overview of viruses, including their definition, characteristics, structure, classification, pathogenesis, and medically relevant examples. Key points include:
- Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that consist of nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat and in some cases an envelope. They come in a variety of shapes including icosahedral, helical, and complex.
- Viruses are classified based on their nucleic acid composition, structure, strandedness, and presence of an envelope. This includes DNA vs. RNA viruses.
- Viruses replicate inside host cells by attaching, entering, releasing their genome, hijacking the cell's machinery to produce more viral components, and assembling and releasing new viral particles.
Viruses
This document provides an overview of viruses, including their history of discovery, characteristics, components, shapes, classification, bacteriophages, replication cycles, enveloped viruses, and other related infectious agents like viroids and prions. It discusses key scientists and experiments that contributed to the understanding of viruses. The replication cycles of lytic and lysogenic bacteriophages as well as enveloped DNA and RNA viruses are described.
Animal viruses
Animal viruses are self replicating, intracellular parasites that completely rely on host animal cell for reproduction. They use the host's cellular components to replicate, then leaves the host cell to infect other cells.
B.sc.(micro) i em unit 3.5 viruses
Viruses have both living and non-living properties. They contain nucleic acids surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid, and some have an additional lipid envelope. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes, and infect bacteria, plants, and animals. They are able to replicate by entering host cells and using the host's cellular machinery to produce new virus particles, which then exit and infect new host cells.
Virus powerpoint
Viruses exist in a boundary between living and non-living things. They cannot reproduce without infecting a host cell and using the cell's machinery. Viruses consist of genetic material surrounded by a protein coat, and sometimes an envelope. They infect all types of life from animals and plants to bacteria. While viruses disrupt hosts and cause disease, they also play important roles in evolution by transferring genes between organisms.
viral taxonomy (microbiology)
The document discusses two main schemes for classifying viruses: the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) system and the Baltimore classification system. The ICTV system is charged with developing and maintaining a universal virus taxonomy based on phenotypic characteristics. It establishes taxonomic ranks down to the species level. The Baltimore classification system groups viruses into seven categories based on their nucleic acid type and replication method.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is an international scholarly peer reviewed Open Access journal, aims to promote the research in the field of Virology.
Austin Virology and Retrovirology is a comprehensive Open Access peer reviewed scientific Journal that covers multidisciplinary fields. We provide limitless access towards accessing our literature hub with colossal range of articles. The journal aims to publish high quality varied article types such as Research, Review, Case Reports, Short Communications, Perspectives (Editorials), Clinical Images
Austin Virology and Retrovirology supports the scientific modernization and enrichment in virology research community by magnifying access to peer reviewed scientific literary works. Austin also brings universally peer reviewed member journals under one roof thereby promoting knowledge sharing, collaborative and promotion of multidisciplinary science.
Bacteria viruses
This document provides information about bacteria and viruses from a biology class. It defines bacteria as prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that have all the characteristics of living things. Viruses are not considered living as they require a host cell to replicate. The document outlines the structures of bacteria and viruses and how they cause disease. It describes how antibiotics can treat bacterial but not viral infections, while antivirals and vaccinations can respectively treat and prevent certain viral infections. The best way to avoid sickness is emphasized as practicing good hygiene.
Characteristics of virus
Viruses have a simple structure consisting of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein capsid. They can only replicate inside living cells by using the host cell's machinery. Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They exhibit variability in size and structure, with T-even phages being the most complex. Bacteriophage infection involves adsorption to host cell receptors, penetration of the nucleic acid into the cytoplasm, replication of new viral components using the host cell, maturation of new viral particles, and release through lysis of the host cell.
Viruses : characteristics, structure, reproduction , transmission and economi...
Viruses are ultra-microscopic, non-cellular agents that can only multiply inside host cells. They contain genetic material such as DNA or RNA encased within a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses have an outer envelope as well. Viruses infect organisms by injecting their genetic material inside host cells and using the cell's machinery to replicate themselves. They are classified based on their structure, type of nucleic acid, size and shape of capsid, and presence of enzymes or envelope. Viruses can be transmitted between organisms in various ways including mechanically, through vectors like insects or fungi, or vertically through seeds or grafts. They have many applications in fields like molecular biology, biotechnology, and nanotechnology.
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If you want to buy this presentation template, please visit http://madlis.com
Good design gets out of the way of the content you are sharing. It helps your audience focus on the content itself instead of the design.
But, it's no secret that most people dislike giving presentations. The dread of public speaking consistently ranks among the greatest fears in public surveys.
This presentation slides can help you reduce the anxiety involved with giving a presentation. Well-designed slides not only build your own confidence, they make your key points clearer to the audience.
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Good design gets out of the way of the content you are sharing. It helps your audience focus on the content itself instead of the design.
But, it's no secret that most people dislike giving presentations. The dread of public speaking consistently ranks among the greatest fears in public surveys.
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Viruses were first discovered in the late 1880s through experiments with tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many other viruses have been discovered that infect plants, animals and bacteria. Viruses are generally too small to be seen with a light microscope and have a variety of structures depending on their nucleic acid content and presence of an envelope. They replicate by infiltrating a host cell and using the cell's machinery to produce more viral particles. There is ongoing debate about whether viruses are considered living organisms.
Virology
Viruses were first discovered in the late 1880s through experiments with tobacco mosaic virus. Since then, many other viruses have been discovered that infect plants, animals and bacteria. Viruses are generally too small to be seen with a light microscope and have a variety of structures depending on their nucleic acid content and presence of an envelope. They replicate by infiltrating a host cell and using the cell's machinery to produce more viral particles. There is ongoing debate about whether viruses are considered living organisms.
VIROLOGY - INTRODUCTION
Viruses are found wherever there is life and have probably existed since living cells first evolved. There are millions of different types of viruses, although only about 5,000 types have been described in detail. There are more than 219 virus species that are known to be able to infect humans. The document then provides a history of early developments in virology including discoveries by Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Edward Jenner, Dmitry Ivanovsky, Martinus Beijerinck, and others. It discusses the structure, composition and classification of viruses.
Lecture 31 and 32.ppt
This document discusses viruses, their nature and properties, and common symptoms of virus diseases in plants. It defines viruses and describes their structure, composition, types of nucleic acids, and whether they are considered living or non-living. It compares the key differences between bacteria and viruses. It also explains virus morphology, shapes and sizes, transmission methods including vectors like insects and fungi, and relationships with vectors. Finally, it outlines common symptoms of virus infection in plants like mosaic patterns, and defines terms like systemic and local infection.
Morphology and physiology of viruses
Viruses are small obligate intracellular parasites that contain either RNA or DNA surrounded by a protective protein coat. They depend on host cells to replicate and cannot generate their own energy. Viruses deliver their genome into host cells to be expressed. They are classified based on attributes like nucleic acid type, size/morphology, enzymes, and transmission methods. Virus replication involves the virus injecting its genome into the host cell and hijacking the cell's machinery to produce new virus particles, which then exit and infect new host cells.
Virus
Viruses are non-cellular microorganisms composed of genetic material and protein. They contain a nucleic acid core surrounded by a protein capsid and sometimes an outer envelope. Viruses come in various shapes and sizes depending on their viral family. They are classified based on their nucleic acid composition as DNA or RNA viruses, and also based on their structure. Viruses cannot replicate outside of a living host cell, so they must infect plants, animals, humans, or bacteria in order to access nutrients and enzymes for reproduction. Common methods for cultivating viruses include using bacterial cells, chick embryos by injecting viral suspensions into egg membranes, and mammalian cell cultures.
1B. INTRODUCTION TO VIROLOGY.pptx
This document provides an introduction to virology. It defines viruses and their structure. Viruses are submicroscopic obligate intracellular parasites that contain genetic material surrounded by a protein coat. They can only replicate inside living cells. The complete virus particle is called a virion. Viruses are too small to be seen by light microscopes and have a fixed morphology like helical, polyhedral or spherical shapes. They contain either DNA or RNA and have a protein capsid that may contain an envelope. Viruses must infect host cells to replicate since they lack their own metabolic functions.
Biology 11 Federal.pdf
The document provides information about viruses including their structure, classification, life cycles, and how they cause disease. It begins by describing the characteristics of viruses and explaining that they are not living or nonliving but exhibit traits of both. It then discusses the discovery of viruses and describes the structures of representative viruses like bacteriophage, influenza, and HIV. The modes of viral classification including Baltimore classification are explained. The document also covers the parasitic nature of viruses and how they depend on host cells for replication and survival. It describes the general steps in the viral life cycle including adsorption, penetration, replication, assembly and release. The lytic and lysogenic cycles of bacteriophages are explained in detail.
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Virology. Structure of Viruses. Methods of cultivation
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Basic concept of virus for nursing and vaccine preventable viruses [Autosav...
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More from University of central Punjab
Application Of Recombinant DNA Technology
Recombinant DNA technology involves recombining DNA segments under certain conditions. The document discusses 10 applications of this technology: 1) gene cloning, 2) production of antibiotics, 3) production of human insulin, 4) vaccines, 5) gene therapy, 6) improvements in agriculture, 7) industrial uses, 8) production of human growth hormones, 9) enhancements in animal husbandry and sericulture, 10) production of enzymes, and 11) creation of transgenic animals. The technology allows for mass production of important proteins and has led to advances in medicine, agriculture, and industry.
Secondary growth of plant
The document summarizes secondary growth in dicot stems. It discusses how a vascular cambium ring forms from fascicular and interfascicular cambium, producing secondary xylem, phloem, and vascular rays. A periderm then forms to replace the epidermis, consisting of an outer layer of cork cells (phellem), a inner meristematic layer (phellogen) and an inner layer of photosynthetic cells (phelloderm). Secondary growth allows plants to grow thicker over time and protects internal tissues from damage and pathogens. Lenticels on bark allow for gas exchange.
Infected plant virus metabolism and affects
This document summarizes how plant virus infections affect host plant metabolism. It discusses how photosynthesis, respiration, permeability, and other metabolic processes are impacted. Plant viruses are transmitted either horizontally through external means like pruning or vertically through seeds. The virus infection decreases photosynthesis and increases respiration and ethylene production. It also makes cell membranes more permeable and affects protein synthesis, carbohydrate transport, and nucleic acid and amino acid levels. Overall, the virus hijacks the plant's normal metabolic processes to facilitate its replication and spread.
Morphological characters of flower
The document discusses the morphological characters of flowers. It defines a flower as a specialized shoot responsible for producing fruits and seeds. The main parts of a flower are described as sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Sepals are the outer green parts, petals are the inner colored parts, stamens are the male organs, and carpels are the female organs. Other structures mentioned include the perianth formed by calyx and corolla, bracts, bracteoles, aestivation, placentation, androecium, gynoecium, floral diagrams, and floral formulas.
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Recently uploaded
11.1 Role of physical biological in deterioration of grains.pdf
Storagedeteriorationisanyformoflossinquantityandqualityofbio-materials.
Themajorcausesofdeteriorationinstorage
•Physical
•Biological
•Mechanical
•Chemical
Storageonlypreservesquality.Itneverimprovesquality.
Itisadvisabletostartstoragewithqualityfoodproduct.Productwithinitialpoorqualityquicklydepreciates
快速办理(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UAM毕业证书)马德里自治大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
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Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
Warehousing
Good warehousing practices
Material management
Male reproduction physiology by Suyash Garg .pptx
Physiology of Male reproduction.
Video mentioned at page no. 23 as summary for better understanding
Discovery of An Apparent Red, High-Velocity Type Ia Supernova at 𝐳 = 2.9 wi...
We present the JWST discovery of SN 2023adsy, a transient object located in a host galaxy JADES-GS
+
53.13485
−
27.82088
with a host spectroscopic redshift of
2.903
±
0.007
. The transient was identified in deep James Webb Space Telescope (JWST)/NIRCam imaging from the JWST Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey (JADES) program. Photometric and spectroscopic followup with NIRCam and NIRSpec, respectively, confirm the redshift and yield UV-NIR light-curve, NIR color, and spectroscopic information all consistent with a Type Ia classification. Despite its classification as a likely SN Ia, SN 2023adsy is both fairly red (
�
(
�
−
�
)
∼
0.9
) despite a host galaxy with low-extinction and has a high Ca II velocity (
19
,
000
±
2
,
000
km/s) compared to the general population of SNe Ia. While these characteristics are consistent with some Ca-rich SNe Ia, particularly SN 2016hnk, SN 2023adsy is intrinsically brighter than the low-
�
Ca-rich population. Although such an object is too red for any low-
�
cosmological sample, we apply a fiducial standardization approach to SN 2023adsy and find that the SN 2023adsy luminosity distance measurement is in excellent agreement (
≲
1
�
) with
Λ
CDM. Therefore unlike low-
�
Ca-rich SNe Ia, SN 2023adsy is standardizable and gives no indication that SN Ia standardized luminosities change significantly with redshift. A larger sample of distant SNe Ia is required to determine if SN Ia population characteristics at high-
�
truly diverge from their low-
�
counterparts, and to confirm that standardized luminosities nevertheless remain constant with redshift.
Evidence of Jet Activity from the Secondary Black Hole in the OJ 287 Binary S...
Wereport the study of a huge optical intraday flare on 2021 November 12 at 2 a.m. UT in the blazar OJ287. In the binary black hole model, it is associated with an impact of the secondary black hole on the accretion disk of the primary. Our multifrequency observing campaign was set up to search for such a signature of the impact based on a prediction made 8 yr earlier. The first I-band results of the flare have already been reported by Kishore et al. (2024). Here we combine these data with our monitoring in the R-band. There is a big change in the R–I spectral index by 1.0 ±0.1 between the normal background and the flare, suggesting a new component of radiation. The polarization variation during the rise of the flare suggests the same. The limits on the source size place it most reasonably in the jet of the secondary BH. We then ask why we have not seen this phenomenon before. We show that OJ287 was never before observed with sufficient sensitivity on the night when the flare should have happened according to the binary model. We also study the probability that this flare is just an oversized example of intraday variability using the Krakow data set of intense monitoring between 2015 and 2023. We find that the occurrence of a flare of this size and rapidity is unlikely. In machine-readable Tables 1 and 2, we give the full orbit-linked historical light curve of OJ287 as well as the dense monitoring sample of Krakow.
Mechanisms and Applications of Antiviral Neutralizing Antibodies - Creative B...
Neutralizing antibodies, pivotal in immune defense, specifically bind and inhibit viral pathogens, thereby playing a crucial role in protecting against and mitigating infectious diseases. In this slide, we will introduce what antibodies and neutralizing antibodies are, the production and regulation of neutralizing antibodies, their mechanisms of action, classification and applications, as well as the challenges they face.
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...
MICROBIAL INTERACTION PPT/ MICROBIAL INTERACTION AND THEIR TYPES // PLANT MIC...ABHISHEK SONI NIMT INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL AND PARAMEDCIAL SCIENCES , GOVT PG COLLEGE NOIDA
Microbial interaction
Microorganisms interacts with each other and can be physically associated with another organisms in a variety of ways.
One organism can be located on the surface of another organism as an ectobiont or located within another organism as endobiont.
Microbial interaction may be positive such as mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism or may be negative such as parasitism, predation or competition
Types of microbial interaction
Positive interaction: mutualism, proto-cooperation, commensalism
Negative interaction: Ammensalism (antagonism), parasitism, predation, competition
I. Mutualism:
It is defined as the relationship in which each organism in interaction gets benefits from association. It is an obligatory relationship in which mutualist and host are metabolically dependent on each other.
Mutualistic relationship is very specific where one member of association cannot be replaced by another species.
Mutualism require close physical contact between interacting organisms.
Relationship of mutualism allows organisms to exist in habitat that could not occupied by either species alone.
Mutualistic relationship between organisms allows them to act as a single organism.
Examples of mutualism:
i. Lichens:
Lichens are excellent example of mutualism.
They are the association of specific fungi and certain genus of algae. In lichen, fungal partner is called mycobiont and algal partner is called
II. Syntrophism:
It is an association in which the growth of one organism either depends on or improved by the substrate provided by another organism.
In syntrophism both organism in association gets benefits.
Compound A
Utilized by population 1
Compound B
Utilized by population 2
Compound C
utilized by both Population 1+2
Products
In this theoretical example of syntrophism, population 1 is able to utilize and metabolize compound A, forming compound B but cannot metabolize beyond compound B without co-operation of population 2. Population 2is unable to utilize compound A but it can metabolize compound B forming compound C. Then both population 1 and 2 are able to carry out metabolic reaction which leads to formation of end product that neither population could produce alone.
Examples of syntrophism:
i. Methanogenic ecosystem in sludge digester
Methane produced by methanogenic bacteria depends upon interspecies hydrogen transfer by other fermentative bacteria.
Anaerobic fermentative bacteria generate CO2 and H2 utilizing carbohydrates which is then utilized by methanogenic bacteria (Methanobacter) to produce methane.
ii. Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis:
In the minimal media, Lactobacillus arobinosus and Enterococcus faecalis are able to grow together but not alone.
The synergistic relationship between E. faecalis and L. arobinosus occurs in which E. faecalis require folic acid
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and ReplicabilityUniversity of Rennes, INSA Rennes, Inria/IRISA, CNRS
Embracing Deep Variability For Reproducibility and Replicability
Abstract: Reproducibility (aka determinism in some cases) constitutes a fundamental aspect in various fields of computer science, such as floating-point computations in numerical analysis and simulation, concurrency models in parallelism, reproducible builds for third parties integration and packaging, and containerization for execution environments. These concepts, while pervasive across diverse concerns, often exhibit intricate inter-dependencies, making it challenging to achieve a comprehensive understanding. In this short and vision paper we delve into the application of software engineering techniques, specifically variability management, to systematically identify and explicit points of variability that may give rise to reproducibility issues (eg language, libraries, compiler, virtual machine, OS, environment variables, etc). The primary objectives are: i) gaining insights into the variability layers and their possible interactions, ii) capturing and documenting configurations for the sake of reproducibility, and iii) exploring diverse configurations to replicate, and hence validate and ensure the robustness of results. By adopting these methodologies, we aim to address the complexities associated with reproducibility and replicability in modern software systems and environments, facilitating a more comprehensive and nuanced perspective on these critical aspects.
https://hal.science/hal-04582287
Mending Clothing to Support Sustainable Fashion_CIMaR 2024.pdf
Ozturkcan, S., Berndt, A., & Angelakis, A. (2024). Mending clothing to support sustainable fashion. Presented at the 31st Annual Conference by the Consortium for International Marketing Research (CIMaR), 10-13 Jun 2024, University of Gävle, Sweden.
BIRDS DIVERSITY OF SOOTEA BISWANATH ASSAM.ppt.pptx
Ahota Beel, nestled in Sootea Biswanath Assam , is celebrated for its extraordinary diversity of bird species. This wetland sanctuary supports a myriad of avian residents and migrants alike. Visitors can admire the elegant flights of migratory species such as the Northern Pintail and Eurasian Wigeon, alongside resident birds including the Asian Openbill and Pheasant-tailed Jacana. With its tranquil scenery and varied habitats, Ahota Beel offers a perfect haven for birdwatchers to appreciate and study the vibrant birdlife that thrives in this natural refuge.
Compositions of iron-meteorite parent bodies constrainthe structure of the pr...
Magmatic iron-meteorite parent bodies are the earliest planetesimals in the Solar System,and they preserve information about conditions and planet-forming processes in thesolar nebula. In this study, we include comprehensive elemental compositions andfractional-crystallization modeling for iron meteorites from the cores of five differenti-ated asteroids from the inner Solar System. Together with previous results of metalliccores from the outer Solar System, we conclude that asteroidal cores from the outerSolar System have smaller sizes, elevated siderophile-element abundances, and simplercrystallization processes than those from the inner Solar System. These differences arerelated to the formation locations of the parent asteroids because the solar protoplane-tary disk varied in redox conditions, elemental distributions, and dynamics at differentheliocentric distances. Using highly siderophile-element data from iron meteorites, wereconstruct the distribution of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) across theprotoplanetary disk within the first million years of Solar-System history. CAIs, the firstsolids to condense in the Solar System, formed close to the Sun. They were, however,concentrated within the outer disk and depleted within the inner disk. Future modelsof the structure and evolution of the protoplanetary disk should account for this dis-tribution pattern of CAIs.
TOPIC OF DISCUSSION: CENTRIFUGATION SLIDESHARE.pptx
Centrifugation is a powerful technique used in laboratories to separate components of a heterogeneous mixture based on their density. This process utilizes centrifugal force to rapidly spin samples, causing denser particles to migrate outward more quickly than lighter ones. As a result, distinct layers form within the sample tube, allowing for easy isolation and purification of target substances.
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Quality assurance B.pharm 6th semester BP606T UNIT 5
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Virus
- 4. Virus INTRODUCTION : VIRUS: (PLURAL = VIRUSES) ARE NON-CELLULAR MICRO-ORGANISMS, MADE UP OF A PROTEIN COAT AND ONE TYPE OF NUCLEIC ACID (DNA OR RNA) - OBLIGATE PARASITES = CAN ONLY MULTIPLY INSIDE A LIVING CELL - CAUSE DISEASE. ARE THEY LIVING OR NON-LIVING? EXAMPLES OF DISEASES CAUSED BY VIRUSES ARE INFLUENZA (FLU), HIV (CAUSES AIDS), CHICKEN POX, MEASLES, MUMPS, RUBELLA.
- 5. Shapes : Viruses are found in a number of different shapes e.g. bacteriophage, etc.
- 6. Basic Structure of a Virus : Consists of a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat. Some may have a membrane coat outside of this, made from the membrane of the cell that was infected; with virus proteins inserted into it e.g. influenza.
- 7. The possible effects of a virus on a cell :
- 8. Conditions caused by viruses : Foot & mouth disease Distemper Myxomatosis Rabies (hydrophobia) Common cold Measles Mumps Rubella = German measles Smallpox Chickenpox Poliomyelitis = Polio Viral pneumonia Genital herpes AIDS
- 9. Industrial Importance Of Virus 1 – Virus in Medicine : Viruses are being used as vectors or carriers that tae the required material for treatment of a disease to various target cells. They have been studied extensively in management of inherited diseases and genetic engineering as well as cancers.
- 10. 2 – Virus in Weapons : Virus may be tiny but have the capacity to cause death and devastation to large populations in epidemics and pandemics . This has led to the concern that viruses could be used for biological warfare.
- 11. 3 – Virus In Agriculture : Modification and genetic engineering methods can be used to make modified genomes that can be carried into plants and by viruses acting as vectors or vehicles . This method can lead to productive transgenic animals and plants .
- 12. 4 – In Controlling Harmful Animals And Insects : Some animals and insects which are harmful for humans cam be controlled by some special virus. 5 – Cancer Therapy : Viruses can be directly used to prevent cancer by being. The source of anti cancer viruses vaccines e.g vaccine against hepatitis B virus ( cause hepatic virus ) and human papiuomavirus ( cervical cancer )are commercially available .
- 13. 6 – Viruses In Nanotechnology : Nanotechnology deals with microscopic particles .These have various uses in biology and medicine and nanotechnology has been used in genetic engineering .Viruses can be used as carriers for genetically modified sequences of genomes to the host cells.
- 14. Thank You