Presentation given during Cost AMiCI meeting in Tallinn Nov 2017
by Tanel Tenson
Professor in the technology of antimicrobial compounds
University of Tartu
Estonia
Presentation given during Cost AMiCI meeting in Tallinn Nov 2017
by Tanel Tenson
Professor in the technology of antimicrobial compounds
University of Tartu
Estonia
Biology & Engineering are increasing emerging as a necessary and essential interdisciplinary at the frontiers of biomedical intervention solutions development 2017++.
Welcome to Beat Aging Collab Initiative at Fairfax, VA Washington DC Hub Club Twin USA C2C
Tobacco has the major advantages such as high leaf biomass yield and rapid scale-up through easy seed production, when compared to other plant species. In a recent report, the expression level of recombinant proteins in tobacco stems was similar to that of leaves, thus suggesting that the whole tobacco plant biomass can be used for production of recombinant therapeutic proteins, eventually increasing the upstream production cost efficiency.
Presented by Vish Nene at the Workshop on the Distribution, Delivery and Improvement of the
Infection and Treatment Method Vaccine for East Coast Fever, Nairobi, 19-20 August 2014
Hello, everyone. Bacterial display is a protein engineering technique widely used for in vitro protein evolution. Peptide libraries can be constructed in Escherichia coli as insertions in extracellular proteins or as insertions into outer membrane proteins for screening. The bacterial display system has been approved to be simple and efficient and has been applied extensively to find the affinity of a ligand for its target protein. The slide is created by Creative Biolabs who is a leader of recombinant antibody discovery and manufacturing, providing high-quality service to customers in academia and industry fields all over the world. In this slide, there are many aspects of bacterial display to be illustrated, such as cell surface display system in gram-positive/negative bacterial, components of bacterial display systems, construction and screening process of bacterial display library, and application of bacterial display, and so on.
Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for surveillance of foodborne infections in Den...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/wgs-on-food-safety-management/en/
Applications of WGS for surveillance of foodborne infections in Denmark; benefits and potential drawbacks on performance and cost. Presentation from the Technical Meeting on the impact of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) on food safety management -23-25 May 2016, Rome, Italy.
An introduction to PATRIC and its use in phage annotationRamy K. Aziz
A quick tutorial of the PATRIC database & server, and its application to phage genome annotation, presented at The 2018 EMBO Viruses of Microbes (VoM) meeting in Wroclaw, Poland
monoclonal antibodies are prepared in laboratories through hybridoma technique, which have their own significance in treating and diagnosing diseases like cancer detection and treatment, pregnancy test, locating blood clots, screening blood for HIU and diagnosing of various other diseases.
Vaccines against East Coast fever: Re-assessment of p67C and identification o...ILRI
Presentation by Anna Lacasta at the 12th Biennial Conference of the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (STVM) and the VIII International Conference on Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogens (TTP-8) Cape Town, South Africa 24 to 29 August 2014.
The productivity of developing country livestock production systems lags well behind that of the developed world. Addressing this issue is one important route to poverty alleviation, improved food security and environmental sustainability (because, generally, the lower the productivity of livestock systems the higher the environmental impact per unit of product). Low productivity can be attributed to a number of inter-related factors including (depending on the system) high disease burdens and weak animal health-care systems, poor quality and insufficient animal feed, use of breed-types that are not optimal, and other social and economic constraints.
This poster shows how the rapidly developing field of genomics can contribute to improved productivity in developing country livestock production systems.
It includes general introduction to antibodies; Monoclonal antibodies; comparison between Polyclonal & Monoclonal antibodies; Hybridoma Technology & Hyridoma Selection; advantages & disadvantages of mABs; Applications of mABs; Recombinant Monoclonal antibodies production through Antibody Engineering.
Drupalcon keynote: Open Source and Open Data in the age of the cloudTim O'Reilly
My keynote at Drupalcon SF on April 20, 2009. Similar to my talk at OSBC, MySQL and Greenplum, but with a bit of a drupal twist. Ending riff on DIY inspired by Isaiah Saxon's comments on my MySQL keynote.
Biology & Engineering are increasing emerging as a necessary and essential interdisciplinary at the frontiers of biomedical intervention solutions development 2017++.
Welcome to Beat Aging Collab Initiative at Fairfax, VA Washington DC Hub Club Twin USA C2C
Tobacco has the major advantages such as high leaf biomass yield and rapid scale-up through easy seed production, when compared to other plant species. In a recent report, the expression level of recombinant proteins in tobacco stems was similar to that of leaves, thus suggesting that the whole tobacco plant biomass can be used for production of recombinant therapeutic proteins, eventually increasing the upstream production cost efficiency.
Presented by Vish Nene at the Workshop on the Distribution, Delivery and Improvement of the
Infection and Treatment Method Vaccine for East Coast Fever, Nairobi, 19-20 August 2014
Hello, everyone. Bacterial display is a protein engineering technique widely used for in vitro protein evolution. Peptide libraries can be constructed in Escherichia coli as insertions in extracellular proteins or as insertions into outer membrane proteins for screening. The bacterial display system has been approved to be simple and efficient and has been applied extensively to find the affinity of a ligand for its target protein. The slide is created by Creative Biolabs who is a leader of recombinant antibody discovery and manufacturing, providing high-quality service to customers in academia and industry fields all over the world. In this slide, there are many aspects of bacterial display to be illustrated, such as cell surface display system in gram-positive/negative bacterial, components of bacterial display systems, construction and screening process of bacterial display library, and application of bacterial display, and so on.
Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for surveillance of foodborne infections in Den...ExternalEvents
http://www.fao.org/about/meetings/wgs-on-food-safety-management/en/
Applications of WGS for surveillance of foodborne infections in Denmark; benefits and potential drawbacks on performance and cost. Presentation from the Technical Meeting on the impact of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) on food safety management -23-25 May 2016, Rome, Italy.
An introduction to PATRIC and its use in phage annotationRamy K. Aziz
A quick tutorial of the PATRIC database & server, and its application to phage genome annotation, presented at The 2018 EMBO Viruses of Microbes (VoM) meeting in Wroclaw, Poland
monoclonal antibodies are prepared in laboratories through hybridoma technique, which have their own significance in treating and diagnosing diseases like cancer detection and treatment, pregnancy test, locating blood clots, screening blood for HIU and diagnosing of various other diseases.
Vaccines against East Coast fever: Re-assessment of p67C and identification o...ILRI
Presentation by Anna Lacasta at the 12th Biennial Conference of the Society for Tropical Veterinary Medicine (STVM) and the VIII International Conference on Ticks and Tick-borne Pathogens (TTP-8) Cape Town, South Africa 24 to 29 August 2014.
The productivity of developing country livestock production systems lags well behind that of the developed world. Addressing this issue is one important route to poverty alleviation, improved food security and environmental sustainability (because, generally, the lower the productivity of livestock systems the higher the environmental impact per unit of product). Low productivity can be attributed to a number of inter-related factors including (depending on the system) high disease burdens and weak animal health-care systems, poor quality and insufficient animal feed, use of breed-types that are not optimal, and other social and economic constraints.
This poster shows how the rapidly developing field of genomics can contribute to improved productivity in developing country livestock production systems.
It includes general introduction to antibodies; Monoclonal antibodies; comparison between Polyclonal & Monoclonal antibodies; Hybridoma Technology & Hyridoma Selection; advantages & disadvantages of mABs; Applications of mABs; Recombinant Monoclonal antibodies production through Antibody Engineering.
Drupalcon keynote: Open Source and Open Data in the age of the cloudTim O'Reilly
My keynote at Drupalcon SF on April 20, 2009. Similar to my talk at OSBC, MySQL and Greenplum, but with a bit of a drupal twist. Ending riff on DIY inspired by Isaiah Saxon's comments on my MySQL keynote.
Bells, Whistles and Digital Tools for the 21st Century CatechistCaroline Cerveny
So you know you should be using Digital tools in your ministry! Yet, we find so many excuses to stay in our comfortable world. What steps do I take as a catechist to get on board with what the Pope has referred to as the Digital Continent? In this ever evolving collaborative and digital communications world, how do I stay abreast with what is happening all around me? With a limited budget, how do I stretch it to include technology? Where do I start? How do I share my success stories? Is Digital Discipleship and Digital Citizenship important today?
How to make a presentation perfect- Take some tips, master some skills and p...Babu Appat
Presentation skills can be acquired and developed. This slideshow will familiarise you with some useful tips. Practice it regularly to acquire the required skills. Then it goes on to discuss ten common presentation mistakes. Avoid them and make your presentation great.
Webinar: Defeating Superbugs: Hospitals on the Front Lines Modern Healthcare
About the Webinar: Defeating Superbugs: Hospitals on the Front Lines
http://www.modernhealthcare.com/article/20140917/INFO/309179926
Hospitals across the country are facing a grim reality in which some of the most deadly healthcare-associated infections they encounter are untreatable with first- or even second-line antibiotics. These “superbugs” affect at least 2 million Americans each year and lead to 23,000 deaths. And their threat is growing, public health officials warn. This editorial webinar and “Defeating Superbugs” white paper will explore the steps providers must take to ramp up surveillance efforts, promote appropriate antibiotic use and control outbreaks. Our panel of experts will share their organizations' experiences as well as proven strategies for success.
Registration for this webinar includes Modern Healthcare's “Defeating Superbugs” white paper, with proven tips and strategies for promoting appropriate antibiotic use, improving infection surveillance, identifying drug-resistant infections and dealing with outbreaks.
KEY TAKEAWAYS
- Best practices for effective antimicrobial stewardship
- Real-world examples of effective interventions, including universal rapid testing for drug-resistant MRSA
- Tips for engaging senior leadership
- Aggressive strategies for controlling outbreaks
PANELISTS
Lance Peterson
Director of the Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Research Division
NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Ill.
Anurag Malani
Medical Director for the Infection Prevention and Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs
St. Joseph Mercy Hospital, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Robert Weinstein
Chief Medical Officer for Population Health
Chairman of the Department of Medicine, Cook County Health and Hospitals System; Professor, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago
MODERATOR
Maureen McKinney
Editorial Programs Manager
Modern Healthcare
Dominique L. Monnet Director del programa ARHAI (Antimicrobial Resistance an...Fundación Ramón Areces
El martes 5 de junio del 2018 organizamos una Jornada en la Fundación Ramón Areces, en la cual se habló sobre el consumo de antibióticos y transmisión de resistencia entre humanos y animales.
Presentation from the 3rd Joint Meeting of the Antimicrobial Resistance and Healthcare-Associated Infections (ARHAI) Networks, organised by the European Centre of Disease Prevention and Control - Stockholm, 11-13 February 2015
Fernando Vaquero-El impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, la nutrici...Fundación Ramón Areces
El 29 de marzo de 2016 celebramos un Simposio Internacional sobre el 'Impacto de las ciencias ómicas en la medicina, nutrición y biotecnología'. Organizado por la Fundación Ramón Areces en colaboración con la Real Academia Nacional de Medicina y BioEuroLatina, abordó cómo un mejor conocimiento del genoma humano está permitiendo notables avances hacia una medicina de precisión.
A study of antibiotic resistance of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases produci...Premier Publishers
Background: Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae are common in hospitals. This study aims to describe the antibiotic resistance of these bacteria and their associated demographic and clinical factors. Methods: It was a prospective study of 73 isolates of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae for a period of six months from July to December 2019 in the laboratory of Befelatanana. Results: This study showed 73 (6.3%) isolates of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases- producing Enterobacteriaceae, represented by 25 (34.2%) isolates of Klebsiella spp, 24 (32.9%) isolates of Escherichia coli, 22 (30.1%) isolates of Enterobacter spp and 2 (2.7%) isolates of Proteus spp. The antibiotic resistance of these bacteria varied from 0% to 100% for all of the antibiotics tested. Resistance to aminoglycosides ranged from 0% (amikacin) to 69.9% (gentamycin). Resistance to quinolones ranged from 43.8% (levofloxacin) to 76.7% (nalidixic acid). Similarly, 60 (82.2%) isolates were resistant to cotrimoxazole and 25 (34.2%) isolates to chloramphenicol. Patients under 20 years (57.1%) (p=0.03), men (52.2%)(p=0.11; NS), patients with respiratory samples (83.3%)(p=0.004), with pus (61.9%)(p=0.02) and hospitalized in surgery and intensive care units (68.4%)(p=0.0009) were the most affected by these enterobacteria. Conclusion: Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamases - producing Enterobacteriaceae are responsible for severe infections and the majorities are multi-resistant bacteria.
Keywords: Beta-lactamase, Enterobacteriaceae, antibiotic resistance, amikacin, imipenem.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS By - AKANKSHA ASHTANKAR
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
4. SCA EXPORT EXCEL ACCESS RESULTS TIME SERIES ANALISYS EXCEL MACRO Automatic process Semi-automatic process ANTIBIOTIC PROFILE SERIES ISOLATE SERIES RESISTANCE SERIES ANTIBIOTIC USE SERIES ACCESS
5. Expected resistance percentage for each microorganism-antibiotic combination Expected % of imipenem-resistant P.aeruginosa for current month
7. Specimen Microorg. Antibiotic Setting Save graphics Saving results (Excel format) Evolution of monthly percentage of resistance Number of resistant isolates Total number of isolates
8. Evolution of the hospital antimicrobial use Monthly no. DDD per 1,000 patient-days
13. Comparing resistance and antibiotic use series Monthly hospital erythromycin use Monthly hospital clarithromycin use Monthly % erythromycin-resistant coag.-negative staph.
14.
Editor's Notes
¿Qué es el programa ViResiST? La palabra ViResiST es un acrónimo que hace referencia al tipo de metodología estadística que se utiliza en nuestra red de vigilancia de la resistencia, el uso de antibióticos y la relación existente entre ellos. ¿Qué objetivos persigue el proyecto? Comprender mejor y analizar la relación entre uso de antibióticos y resistencia, dado que: - Los datos de resistencia y uso de antibióticos están autocorrelacionados - Se tiene en cuenta el intervalo entre uso y resistencia - Se puede medir la magnitud del efecto de uno sobre la otra - Se pueden incorporar varios antibióticos en el modelo
The project is based on the collaboration between several centers that send its data to the Coordinating Center where some Statistical analysis are made using SCA software. Results are returned to Participating Centers
The first usefulness of the computer application is a look up table with the results of the ARIMA models fitted on each series of resistance. This look up table gather the expected resistance for the current quarter as percentages. This information can be used by the clinician at the time of the empiric therapy, when he suspect that the patient has an infection caused by a certain microorganism and he must decided among various antibiotics. Once the microorganism is known, the look up table also give the possibility of choosing the antibiotic with the least risk for resistance selection.
This application computes the expected probability to each microorganism in each specimen isolated in a concrete service. The interest of this information is on the possibility to guide the empirical therapy in our local setting. In our example, 57% of the blood specimen in surgical services could be SCN (Coagulase negative staplilococcus), 10%, S.aureus, 6% E.coli, and so on. If we know the probability for each microorganism we can choose the antibiotic presenting less resistance for this bacteria in OUR hospital, improving our success probabilities. We expect to include the risk for selection of resistance for each antibiotic as a output of the Transfer Function analysis
The program is an interactive application that allows to select different variables of interest. Selection is done by means of several menus. The program allows, also, to save our data and graphics. In the example we compare ciproflaxin resistance in E.coli isolated in adults people with the same microorganisms isolated in children. Because quinolones are rarely used in children, the observed resistance can be explained by the transmission from adults (at home) or from contaminated food.
Whe can see the evolution in the use of individual antibiotics or therapeutic groups, for the overall hospital or for diferent services. Example in the use of cephalosporin in hospital A. Whe can see the increase of use from 1997. The use is greater in winter. The left table shows dates of use that was used to make the graphic like DDD / 1000 patients-day
As in the hospital case, the program allow also to explore the antimicrobial community use, in this case as DDD/1000 inhabitant-days. The example show the strong seasonality pattern of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid in a Spanish Health Area
In the same screen we can compare resistance percentage evolution observed at several number of primary health care areas. The figure at the bottom shows comparative evolution of penicillin resistant or intermediate Streptococcus pneumoniae hospital and community strains in four Health Areas. It can be observed the great existing difference among C and E hospitals (Health Areas) on the one hand, and A and R hospitals on the other hand. You can see also a certain seasonal pattern in C Hospital resistance performance with a resistance increase during Autumn months. These differences in resistance level and in seasonal variation lead us to statistically compare it with antibiotic use in Primary Health Care.
In the example we can see the fluorquinolones use in several hospitals
The same comparison as in hospitals can be made for community (different Health Areas)
It is possible to match in the same graphic monthly percentage of resistance and monthly use of a certain antibiotic in a certain hospital or Primary Health Care area. This look allow us to appreciate the concomitant development of both parameters before proceeding to a statistical analysis.