summer training report of bhushan steel pvt. ltd at vaishali.
the slide is all about the things i have learned in my summer training. i hope it would provide you the required information you are looking for.
Bhushan Steel Limited is India's 3rd largest secondary steel producer. It has a production capacity of over 1 million tons per year. The company's Khopoli plant in Maharashtra has increased production capacity by 425,000 tons annually through advanced technology and machinery. The plant produces various value-added steel products like galvanized steel, color coated sheets, and precision tubes. Bhushan Steel sources raw materials from major suppliers like Jindal Steel and focuses on producing high-quality, customized steel products for major domestic customers in automotive and other industries.
Bhushan Steel was founded in 1987 as a private company located in India. It operates a steel mill with various production lines including a pickling line, Hitachi mill, electrolytic cleaning line, annealing process, skin pass mill, cut to length line, and colour coating line. The company supplies steel to major automotive customers such as Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai, and Tata Motors as well as appliance manufacturers such as Hitachi, Carrier, and Samsung.
Power Point Presentation on training in bhushan steel private ltdAnkit Gupta
The document provides information about Ankit Gupta's internship project at Bhushan Steel Limited. It includes sections on company profile, safety procedures, processes like pickling, rolling, electrolytic cleaning, annealing, skin pass milling, and maintenance activities. Pickling involves using hydrochloric acid to remove rust and scale from steel coils. Rolling is used to reduce thickness using opposing rolls. Safety is emphasized, including wearing protective equipment and avoiding moving machinery.
Mechanical engineering deals with the design, production, and operation of machinery. It applies principles of engineering, physics, and materials science.
Material science studies the relationship between the structure and properties of materials. The structure of materials depends on manufacturing processes like casting and machining.
Measurement and metrology involve measuring devices that determine parameters like pressure, temperature, and flow rate. Measuring instruments have sensing, conditioning, and presentation elements. Common instruments include pressure gauges, thermometers, tachometers, and dynamometers.
The document provides information about Rico Auto Industries Ltd., an Indian automotive parts manufacturing company. It details that Rico produces over 16 million die cast components per year for customers like Hero Honda. The company aims to expand its operations and diversify into new sectors. It has production facilities for die casting, machining, assembly and maintains quality certifications.
The document provides an overview of the process flow for Khopoli Steel Plant, including HR slitting, pickling, and cold rolling mill (CRM). The HR slitting process involves cutting wider hot rolled coils into narrower coils for uniform width and to remove damaged edges. Pickling uses HCL acid to remove impurities from ferrous metals. The CRM uses 6- and 4- high mills to cold roll pickled strips, reducing thickness by up to 90% to strengthen the metal through strain hardening and improve surface finish and tolerances.
The document summarizes Arpan Paul's 7-week summer training at JSW Steel's Kalmeshwar plant in India. It includes a certificate certifying his completion of the training. The plant details section describes the plant's production lines including continuous pickling, cold rolling mills, galvanizing, galvalume coating, and color coating lines. It outlines the plant's layout, production portfolio, quality certifications, and department details.
Industrial training presentation (mechanical engineering)Rahul Banerjee
Giving all the details on what are the process happen in a industry.Main focus on estimation.Effects are implanted too.
The presentation gives all the details of this industry as a trainee.
Bhushan Steel Limited is India's 3rd largest secondary steel producer. It has a production capacity of over 1 million tons per year. The company's Khopoli plant in Maharashtra has increased production capacity by 425,000 tons annually through advanced technology and machinery. The plant produces various value-added steel products like galvanized steel, color coated sheets, and precision tubes. Bhushan Steel sources raw materials from major suppliers like Jindal Steel and focuses on producing high-quality, customized steel products for major domestic customers in automotive and other industries.
Bhushan Steel was founded in 1987 as a private company located in India. It operates a steel mill with various production lines including a pickling line, Hitachi mill, electrolytic cleaning line, annealing process, skin pass mill, cut to length line, and colour coating line. The company supplies steel to major automotive customers such as Maruti Suzuki, Hyundai, and Tata Motors as well as appliance manufacturers such as Hitachi, Carrier, and Samsung.
Power Point Presentation on training in bhushan steel private ltdAnkit Gupta
The document provides information about Ankit Gupta's internship project at Bhushan Steel Limited. It includes sections on company profile, safety procedures, processes like pickling, rolling, electrolytic cleaning, annealing, skin pass milling, and maintenance activities. Pickling involves using hydrochloric acid to remove rust and scale from steel coils. Rolling is used to reduce thickness using opposing rolls. Safety is emphasized, including wearing protective equipment and avoiding moving machinery.
Mechanical engineering deals with the design, production, and operation of machinery. It applies principles of engineering, physics, and materials science.
Material science studies the relationship between the structure and properties of materials. The structure of materials depends on manufacturing processes like casting and machining.
Measurement and metrology involve measuring devices that determine parameters like pressure, temperature, and flow rate. Measuring instruments have sensing, conditioning, and presentation elements. Common instruments include pressure gauges, thermometers, tachometers, and dynamometers.
The document provides information about Rico Auto Industries Ltd., an Indian automotive parts manufacturing company. It details that Rico produces over 16 million die cast components per year for customers like Hero Honda. The company aims to expand its operations and diversify into new sectors. It has production facilities for die casting, machining, assembly and maintains quality certifications.
The document provides an overview of the process flow for Khopoli Steel Plant, including HR slitting, pickling, and cold rolling mill (CRM). The HR slitting process involves cutting wider hot rolled coils into narrower coils for uniform width and to remove damaged edges. Pickling uses HCL acid to remove impurities from ferrous metals. The CRM uses 6- and 4- high mills to cold roll pickled strips, reducing thickness by up to 90% to strengthen the metal through strain hardening and improve surface finish and tolerances.
The document summarizes Arpan Paul's 7-week summer training at JSW Steel's Kalmeshwar plant in India. It includes a certificate certifying his completion of the training. The plant details section describes the plant's production lines including continuous pickling, cold rolling mills, galvanizing, galvalume coating, and color coating lines. It outlines the plant's layout, production portfolio, quality certifications, and department details.
Industrial training presentation (mechanical engineering)Rahul Banerjee
Giving all the details on what are the process happen in a industry.Main focus on estimation.Effects are implanted too.
The presentation gives all the details of this industry as a trainee.
Injection moulding is a manufacturing technique for making parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting. Plastic material in production molten plastic is injected at high pressure into a mould.
This document discusses advances in injection moulding technologies, including multi-component injection moulding, in-mould labelling, gas assisted injection moulding, thin wall injection moulding, and micro injection moulding. It provides information on each technology, including their classification, processes involved, advantages, applications, and introductions. The document aims to present new developments in injection moulding that provide benefits such as reduced costs, increased functionality and quality, and new design possibilities.
Started to create milestones, we Rajendra Gears CO. & R.G.ROLLING INDIA LTD. marked our presence in the year 2003 and operates in the manufacturing/servicing of Gearboxes and Gears, Rolling Mill Accessories, TMT Bar Rolling Mill Plant, Structural Rolling Mill Plant, Sheet Mill since 8 years. Our quality services/products have always won us many appreciations from our clients. Our spontaneous performance and confident approach in offering the excellent range of Gearboxes and Gears, Rolling Mill Accessories, TMT Bar Rolling Mill Plant, Structural Rolling Mill Plant, Sheet Mill, Gears and Gearboxes that has made us to deepen our roots in the market. We Rajendra Gears CO. & R.G.ROLLING INDIA LTD. breathe with the aim to satisfy our clients with our smart products/services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals who all contribute best of their potentials to offer high efficiency.
report of industrial training done at MAKINO.
For over two decades, Makino Auto Industries Pvt. Ltd. has been the trusted name in the automotive industry. The company's product range of Automotive clutch assemblies, brake assemblies and components are amongst the category leaders in India and discerning markets of the world.
Established in 1990 Makino has 4 plants in India. Started as a Friction Disc manufacturer and now a complete clutch & Brake Solution Provider.
Experts of Automotive Clutches & Brakes (2W, 3W and 4W applications)
Working with major OEM in India for 2 W and 3 W applications
Vision is to provide technologically advanced clutches & brakes for existing and future vehicles.
"MAKINO is committed to consistently provide the Original Equipment Manufacturer and vehicle owner quality products.
Blending of traditional hot forging practice with the latest technologies in computational simulation,sensing and closed loop controls,to improve process efficiency.
The document provides an overview of injection moulding, including:
- The history of injection moulding beginning in the 1870s.
- The injection moulding process which involves injecting molten plastic into a closed mould.
- The main types of injection moulding machines: hand, plunger, and reciprocating screw types.
- Key machine components like the screw and their functions in plasticizing and injecting the material.
- Common materials used for injection moulding like ABS, nylon, polypropylene.
Here is a “Solvent Based Coating Technical Datasheet“. TDSmaker offer you free Datasheet/ Specsheet/ Techsheet. Visit to ( https://www.tdsmaker.com ) to get start with free template.
This document provides information on pipeheads from KraussMaffei Berstorff for PVC pipe production. It discusses their nine pipehead sizes that cover a broad range of diameters and applications. It also describes benefits like perfect pipe quality, a stable process, tight wall thickness tolerances, and a wide processing window. The document provides details on pipehead models, dimensions, throughputs, applications for pressure classes, and the benefits of multilayer PVC pipe production.
This document provides guidelines for inspecting and repairing hot dip galvanized coatings. It discusses testing coating thickness and uniformity, evaluating surface conditions, and repair procedures. The minimum coating thicknesses specified in standards are summarized in tables for different material thicknesses and classes of work. Factors that can influence coating thickness and uniformity are also outlined.
Rapid injection moulding allows for the quick production of moulds and parts in low volumes using techniques like plaster moulding, rapid prototyping, and CNC machining. It is suited for producing prototypes and testing parts when full production moulds would take too long to create. The document discusses rapid injection moulding techniques and their applications for quickly making moulds and a small number of plastic parts without the time and cost of conventional mould production.
Vacuum casting is a rapid prototyping technology that uses silicone molds and polyurethane resin to produce functional plastic components that closely resemble final production parts. The process involves creating a silicone mold from a master model, filling the mold with resin under vacuum, and extracting around 20 polyurethane parts from a single mold. Vacuum casting eliminates air bubbles and provides good dimensional accuracy and surface finish up to 20 uses of a mold. However, molds can only be used 15-20 times before defects occur and molds cannot be recycled.
Injection moulding is a manufacturing process where material is heated, mixed, and forced into a closed metal mould cavity to cure and harden into the configuration of the part. It allows for fast, low-cost production of parts in high volumes and with consistent quality. However, the initial costs of tooling and machinery are high, and small production runs can be expensive. Parts also must be carefully designed to facilitate the moulding process.
The document summarizes the internship report of Imtiaz Ahmed at United Refrigeration Industries Limited Dawlance (URIL-Dawlance). It discusses the objectives of familiarizing with the industrial processes and covers the key production departments - plastic moulding, sheet metal works, painting, pre-forming and forming. It also describes the quality control processes to ensure customer specifications are met. The internship provided valuable insights into refrigeration manufacturing and will help in future career preparation.
This document provides information about Dawlance, a household appliance company in Pakistan. It includes:
1. Dawlance's mission is to promote reliability in everything they do for household appliances and their vision is to make Dawlance a global brand known for reliability and make Pakistan proud.
2. The document describes several departments visited during an internship at Dawlance, including production departments for sheet metal work, welding, painting, plastic molding, and assembly lines. It also discusses maintenance, quality control, and condenser manufacturing departments.
3. The intern expresses gratitude to Dawlance leadership for providing the opportunity and to supervisors for their advice and encouragement during the learning experience.
This document appears to be an internship report submitted by Yaseen Raza to MR. Sheraz Bhatti at International Steels Limited detailing Raza's internship from May 21, 2012 to June 30, 2012. The report provides an overview of the pickling process at ISL across entry, processing, and exit sections. It also includes assignments completed by Raza during the internship related to maintenance tasks, installation of equipment, and descriptions of equipment functions.
This document provides an internship report on Amreli Steels, which produces steel reinforcement bars. It discusses the company's history and facilities, including its steel melt shop plant that produces billets. The report describes visits to the furnace, workshop, guide shop, rolling mill, and quality control departments. It provides details on the furnace specifications, combustion system, thermocouples, and zones within the furnace.
The document discusses injection moulding and its various types. It defines injection moulding as a manufacturing process that injects molten material into a mould to produce parts. Some key types discussed include thin wall moulding, which focuses on producing light, thin plastic parts; gas-assisted injection moulding, which uses gas to push plastic into mould extremities; and metal injection moulding, which mixes powdered metal with binders before shaping using injection moulding. The document also briefly outlines liquid silicone injection moulding and 3D printing as additional injection moulding technologies. A variety of plastics used in injection moulding are listed at the end.
Cold isostatic pressing (CIP) is a technique where high pressure is applied uniformly to metal powder sealed in a flexible container. This compacts the powder to a density of 75-85% without die wall friction, resulting in a part with uniform density and no residual stresses. There are two methods - the wet bag process suited for batch production of complex parts, and the dry bag process using a fixed mold for mass production. CIP is used to make intricate or long shapes out of materials like titanium, tool steels, tungsten, and molybdenum powders.
End splitting during long products rolling billet quality of rolling processJorge Madias
End splitting occurs because the material being rolled has not enough ductility to withstand the stress to which it is submitted. This may happens for different reasons. Coarse cracks in the billet end, like central or diagonal cracks, weakens the end, particularly when the plane where are located coincides in part with the symmetry plane between rolls. Hot ductility of steel depends on the one hand of their intrinsic features, and on the other hand, on the temperature at which they suffer the stress, and its speed.
It is important to roll the steel within the range of higher ductility at a given deformation speed. This is more critical for steels with inherent low ductility as those containing high sulfur.
The role of MnS stringers is also clear; having S controlled at the lower level of the specification is favorable. Nevertheless it is worth to mention that if caster condition is proper and excessive thermal/mechanical stresses do not arise, very high Mn/S ratio is not necessary.
Bar ends loss temperature faster. Another factor is roll cooling, it has to be correctly oriented, not excessive and keeping the position along the processing time.
In other factors experimental and modeling results are apparently controversial. There is coincidence in the fact that more friction between bar and rolls promotes splitting, but not in factors like roll diameter and reduction.
On the basis of pilot rolling results, plane, box-box, square to round and oval to round passes are favorable to avoid splitting, while oval to square promotes splitting.
The document discusses a project report on a cross cut shear machine. It provides background on the machine, including its purpose of cross-sectionally cutting steel plates of varying thicknesses. The report acknowledges those who provided guidance and assistance. It then outlines the various sections that will be covered in the report, including technical characteristics, design description, functional description, and maintenance of the machine.
Manufacturer of Copper Nickel Pipe, Fittings, Flanges, Sheet, Plate, Rod, Fastener, Valves, etc in UNS C70600 & C71500 Grade based in India
For Inquiries, mail to
jatinsanghvi9@gmail.com
Injection moulding is a manufacturing technique for making parts from both thermoplastic and thermosetting. Plastic material in production molten plastic is injected at high pressure into a mould.
This document discusses advances in injection moulding technologies, including multi-component injection moulding, in-mould labelling, gas assisted injection moulding, thin wall injection moulding, and micro injection moulding. It provides information on each technology, including their classification, processes involved, advantages, applications, and introductions. The document aims to present new developments in injection moulding that provide benefits such as reduced costs, increased functionality and quality, and new design possibilities.
Started to create milestones, we Rajendra Gears CO. & R.G.ROLLING INDIA LTD. marked our presence in the year 2003 and operates in the manufacturing/servicing of Gearboxes and Gears, Rolling Mill Accessories, TMT Bar Rolling Mill Plant, Structural Rolling Mill Plant, Sheet Mill since 8 years. Our quality services/products have always won us many appreciations from our clients. Our spontaneous performance and confident approach in offering the excellent range of Gearboxes and Gears, Rolling Mill Accessories, TMT Bar Rolling Mill Plant, Structural Rolling Mill Plant, Sheet Mill, Gears and Gearboxes that has made us to deepen our roots in the market. We Rajendra Gears CO. & R.G.ROLLING INDIA LTD. breathe with the aim to satisfy our clients with our smart products/services. We are a unit of highly experienced professionals who all contribute best of their potentials to offer high efficiency.
report of industrial training done at MAKINO.
For over two decades, Makino Auto Industries Pvt. Ltd. has been the trusted name in the automotive industry. The company's product range of Automotive clutch assemblies, brake assemblies and components are amongst the category leaders in India and discerning markets of the world.
Established in 1990 Makino has 4 plants in India. Started as a Friction Disc manufacturer and now a complete clutch & Brake Solution Provider.
Experts of Automotive Clutches & Brakes (2W, 3W and 4W applications)
Working with major OEM in India for 2 W and 3 W applications
Vision is to provide technologically advanced clutches & brakes for existing and future vehicles.
"MAKINO is committed to consistently provide the Original Equipment Manufacturer and vehicle owner quality products.
Blending of traditional hot forging practice with the latest technologies in computational simulation,sensing and closed loop controls,to improve process efficiency.
The document provides an overview of injection moulding, including:
- The history of injection moulding beginning in the 1870s.
- The injection moulding process which involves injecting molten plastic into a closed mould.
- The main types of injection moulding machines: hand, plunger, and reciprocating screw types.
- Key machine components like the screw and their functions in plasticizing and injecting the material.
- Common materials used for injection moulding like ABS, nylon, polypropylene.
Here is a “Solvent Based Coating Technical Datasheet“. TDSmaker offer you free Datasheet/ Specsheet/ Techsheet. Visit to ( https://www.tdsmaker.com ) to get start with free template.
This document provides information on pipeheads from KraussMaffei Berstorff for PVC pipe production. It discusses their nine pipehead sizes that cover a broad range of diameters and applications. It also describes benefits like perfect pipe quality, a stable process, tight wall thickness tolerances, and a wide processing window. The document provides details on pipehead models, dimensions, throughputs, applications for pressure classes, and the benefits of multilayer PVC pipe production.
This document provides guidelines for inspecting and repairing hot dip galvanized coatings. It discusses testing coating thickness and uniformity, evaluating surface conditions, and repair procedures. The minimum coating thicknesses specified in standards are summarized in tables for different material thicknesses and classes of work. Factors that can influence coating thickness and uniformity are also outlined.
Rapid injection moulding allows for the quick production of moulds and parts in low volumes using techniques like plaster moulding, rapid prototyping, and CNC machining. It is suited for producing prototypes and testing parts when full production moulds would take too long to create. The document discusses rapid injection moulding techniques and their applications for quickly making moulds and a small number of plastic parts without the time and cost of conventional mould production.
Vacuum casting is a rapid prototyping technology that uses silicone molds and polyurethane resin to produce functional plastic components that closely resemble final production parts. The process involves creating a silicone mold from a master model, filling the mold with resin under vacuum, and extracting around 20 polyurethane parts from a single mold. Vacuum casting eliminates air bubbles and provides good dimensional accuracy and surface finish up to 20 uses of a mold. However, molds can only be used 15-20 times before defects occur and molds cannot be recycled.
Injection moulding is a manufacturing process where material is heated, mixed, and forced into a closed metal mould cavity to cure and harden into the configuration of the part. It allows for fast, low-cost production of parts in high volumes and with consistent quality. However, the initial costs of tooling and machinery are high, and small production runs can be expensive. Parts also must be carefully designed to facilitate the moulding process.
The document summarizes the internship report of Imtiaz Ahmed at United Refrigeration Industries Limited Dawlance (URIL-Dawlance). It discusses the objectives of familiarizing with the industrial processes and covers the key production departments - plastic moulding, sheet metal works, painting, pre-forming and forming. It also describes the quality control processes to ensure customer specifications are met. The internship provided valuable insights into refrigeration manufacturing and will help in future career preparation.
This document provides information about Dawlance, a household appliance company in Pakistan. It includes:
1. Dawlance's mission is to promote reliability in everything they do for household appliances and their vision is to make Dawlance a global brand known for reliability and make Pakistan proud.
2. The document describes several departments visited during an internship at Dawlance, including production departments for sheet metal work, welding, painting, plastic molding, and assembly lines. It also discusses maintenance, quality control, and condenser manufacturing departments.
3. The intern expresses gratitude to Dawlance leadership for providing the opportunity and to supervisors for their advice and encouragement during the learning experience.
This document appears to be an internship report submitted by Yaseen Raza to MR. Sheraz Bhatti at International Steels Limited detailing Raza's internship from May 21, 2012 to June 30, 2012. The report provides an overview of the pickling process at ISL across entry, processing, and exit sections. It also includes assignments completed by Raza during the internship related to maintenance tasks, installation of equipment, and descriptions of equipment functions.
This document provides an internship report on Amreli Steels, which produces steel reinforcement bars. It discusses the company's history and facilities, including its steel melt shop plant that produces billets. The report describes visits to the furnace, workshop, guide shop, rolling mill, and quality control departments. It provides details on the furnace specifications, combustion system, thermocouples, and zones within the furnace.
The document discusses injection moulding and its various types. It defines injection moulding as a manufacturing process that injects molten material into a mould to produce parts. Some key types discussed include thin wall moulding, which focuses on producing light, thin plastic parts; gas-assisted injection moulding, which uses gas to push plastic into mould extremities; and metal injection moulding, which mixes powdered metal with binders before shaping using injection moulding. The document also briefly outlines liquid silicone injection moulding and 3D printing as additional injection moulding technologies. A variety of plastics used in injection moulding are listed at the end.
Cold isostatic pressing (CIP) is a technique where high pressure is applied uniformly to metal powder sealed in a flexible container. This compacts the powder to a density of 75-85% without die wall friction, resulting in a part with uniform density and no residual stresses. There are two methods - the wet bag process suited for batch production of complex parts, and the dry bag process using a fixed mold for mass production. CIP is used to make intricate or long shapes out of materials like titanium, tool steels, tungsten, and molybdenum powders.
End splitting during long products rolling billet quality of rolling processJorge Madias
End splitting occurs because the material being rolled has not enough ductility to withstand the stress to which it is submitted. This may happens for different reasons. Coarse cracks in the billet end, like central or diagonal cracks, weakens the end, particularly when the plane where are located coincides in part with the symmetry plane between rolls. Hot ductility of steel depends on the one hand of their intrinsic features, and on the other hand, on the temperature at which they suffer the stress, and its speed.
It is important to roll the steel within the range of higher ductility at a given deformation speed. This is more critical for steels with inherent low ductility as those containing high sulfur.
The role of MnS stringers is also clear; having S controlled at the lower level of the specification is favorable. Nevertheless it is worth to mention that if caster condition is proper and excessive thermal/mechanical stresses do not arise, very high Mn/S ratio is not necessary.
Bar ends loss temperature faster. Another factor is roll cooling, it has to be correctly oriented, not excessive and keeping the position along the processing time.
In other factors experimental and modeling results are apparently controversial. There is coincidence in the fact that more friction between bar and rolls promotes splitting, but not in factors like roll diameter and reduction.
On the basis of pilot rolling results, plane, box-box, square to round and oval to round passes are favorable to avoid splitting, while oval to square promotes splitting.
The document discusses a project report on a cross cut shear machine. It provides background on the machine, including its purpose of cross-sectionally cutting steel plates of varying thicknesses. The report acknowledges those who provided guidance and assistance. It then outlines the various sections that will be covered in the report, including technical characteristics, design description, functional description, and maintenance of the machine.
Manufacturer of Copper Nickel Pipe, Fittings, Flanges, Sheet, Plate, Rod, Fastener, Valves, etc in UNS C70600 & C71500 Grade based in India
For Inquiries, mail to
jatinsanghvi9@gmail.com
Case study of profiles of electrical steelGautham Reddy
This document is a report on a case study of profiles of electrical steel conducted by two students, G Pranay Raj and K Gautham Reddy, at Rourkela Steel Plant in June-July 2013. It provides an overview of the processes involved in manufacturing electrical steel, including the hot strip mill, silicon steel mill, bust line, annealing and pickling line, cold reversing mill, and slitter line. The report includes graphs of profiles measured from 20 coils of steel and an analysis of observations made during the study. The aim was to understand how the steel's profile affects quality and suggest ways to prevent issues like buckling and scratches during processing.
Durability Conveyor Belt in Pelletizer Unit‒Operation
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (3), 2014, 71–78
Sanjay Pandey, Omprakash Sahu *, Raja Thiyagarajam
Continental Refractories Private Limited (CRPL) is a refractories manufacturer established in 1983. It produces refractory bricks and monolithics used in industries such as steel, cement, power, and chemicals. CRPL has a manufacturing capacity of around 42,000 metric tons annually. It aims to expand its customer base domestically within industries such as aluminum and coke, and to grow exports to countries in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Europe. CRPL also plans to modernize its product range and source new raw materials internationally to develop higher value refractories.
Steel mills, also known as steelworks, are industrial factories that specialize in the production of steel. They typically smelt down iron and carbon, mixing the two together in a specific ratio to create steel.
Electrical Products and Human Live safety Umbrealla(SACHET) NBC2016Mahesh Chandra Manav
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The document discusses steel production at Essar Steel's Compact Strip Production (CSP) mill. It provides an overview of Essar Group and describes Essar Steel's integrated steelmaking process. This includes iron making in a blast furnace, steel making in an electric arc furnace, casting a hot slab, and rolling the slab into coil in the CSP mill. The CSP mill allows for higher productivity and lower costs than conventional rolling mills. It also discusses the hydraulic and automatic lubrication systems used in the CSP mill.
1. Ankit Metals & Power Limited had a crack in the shell of one of their 350 TPD rotary kilns used in their sponge iron production process. The crack was 2000mm long and 25mm deep.
2. EWAC Alloys Limited recommended using their CPHFD 011 welding alloy to repair the crack. The welding was done using MMAW with a minimum current of 120-135 amps.
3. The repair involved making a double V groove, preheating, laying a root pass with 3.15mm CPHFD 011 followed by building up the groove with 4mm CPHFD 011. Grinding, DP testing and slow cooling was
1. Ankit Metals & Power Limited operates a sponge iron plant with two 350 TPD rotary kilns. One of the kilns developed cracks in the shell measuring up to 2000mm long and 25mm deep.
2. EWAC Alloys recommended welding the cracks with CPHFD 011 welding alloy. The cracks were welded from the outside in a double V groove technique with 3.15mm root passes and 4mm final layers.
3. After welding, testing confirmed the cracks were fully repaired with no remaining defects. Proper techniques like preheating, minimum current, and controlled cooling were followed to ensure a quality repair.
This document discusses upgrading the Trion electrostatic oiler at Tinplate Company of India Limited. The current oiler is not providing a uniform coating throughout sheets as required, coating is deviating from norms of 5-12 mg/sq meter. Upgrading maintenance and controls is proposed to achieve a uniform coating within specifications. The document outlines the oiler's importance, specifications, operating process, and effects of non-uniform coating. It recommends maintenance and data collection before and after a planned shutdown to improve coating uniformity.
This document is a training report submitted by Nishant Singh after completing a one-month training at Mecon Limited in Ranchi, India. The report focuses on the cold rolling mills section of the company. It provides details on the different types of cold rolling mills, the cold rolling process, annealing and skin passing processes. It also includes a basic overview of hydraulics and hydraulic components used in rolling mills like directional control valves, pumps and accumulators. The conclusion expresses gratitude to the officials at Mecon Limited for their support and for helping the author gain fundamental knowledge on cold rolling and mill operations.
Manufacturing of liquid propellant tankSai Malleswar
The document discusses the manufacturing process of liquid propellant tanks used in rockets. It describes the key design requirements, including withstanding pressure while being lightweight. The tanks are made of aluminum alloy and consist of domes, cylindrical shells, and other components joined by welding. The manufacturing processes for each component are detailed, including forging, drilling, welding, rolling, and hydroforming. The complete tank assembly process is also outlined.
Stainless steel is an alloy of iron, chromium, and other elements that is resistant to corrosion. The document discusses the history, chemical composition, properties, manufacturing process, energy usage, environmental impacts, industries/mines in Pakistan, and consumption of stainless steel both in Pakistan and worldwide. It notes that stainless steel is recyclable and non-degradable, but mining and production are energy intensive and cause pollution. Pakistan produces around 6 million tons of steel per year including from iron ore mines, and consumes around 800,000 tons of cold rolled steel and 600,000 tons of galvanized steel annually.
This document provides an overview of a project report on a benzol recovery plant at a coke ovens and coal chemical plant. It discusses the benzol distillation plant, hydro-refining unit, and extractive distillation unit that are part of the benzol plant, as well as crude and finished product storage. It also examines the quality of products from the plant and the uses of various by-products.
The document provides an overview of the steel melting shop (SMS) at Jindal Steel and Power Limited (JSPL). It describes the key equipment in the SMS including electric arc furnaces, ladle refining furnaces, vacuum degassing units, and continuous casters. It also summarizes the main processes like primary refining at the electric arc furnace and secondary refining at the ladle refining furnace. Safety rules and precautions for working in the SMS are highlighted at the end.
This document appears to be an internship report submitted by Yaseen Raza to their manager at Amreli Steels Limited detailing their experience working in the steel melting shop (SMS). The SMS includes two induction furnaces used to melt scrap into steel, a ladle refining furnace, and a continuous casting plant. The report provides details on the induction furnace specifications and operation, including the furnace lining process and sintering temperatures. It also briefly describes the ladle refining furnace and continuous casting plant.
This document provides guidance on designing gating systems for ductile iron castings. It discusses the essential components of a gating system and factors to consider like pouring time and choke size. There are two main types of gating systems - gate-runner systems where the choke is at the gate junction, and sprue-runner systems where the choke is at the sprue-runner junction. The document provides equations and charts for calculating choke size based on factors like pouring time, friction, and casting weight. It also offers guidelines on aspects like runner and gate design to help optimize filling time and reduce defects in the final castings.
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Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
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TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING TECHNIQUE FOR COMMUNICATION SYSTEMHODECEDSIET
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) is a method of transmitting multiple signals over a single communication channel by dividing the signal into many segments, each having a very short duration of time. These time slots are then allocated to different data streams, allowing multiple signals to share the same transmission medium efficiently. TDM is widely used in telecommunications and data communication systems.
### How TDM Works
1. **Time Slots Allocation**: The core principle of TDM is to assign distinct time slots to each signal. During each time slot, the respective signal is transmitted, and then the process repeats cyclically. For example, if there are four signals to be transmitted, the TDM cycle will divide time into four slots, each assigned to one signal.
2. **Synchronization**: Synchronization is crucial in TDM systems to ensure that the signals are correctly aligned with their respective time slots. Both the transmitter and receiver must be synchronized to avoid any overlap or loss of data. This synchronization is typically maintained by a clock signal that ensures time slots are accurately aligned.
3. **Frame Structure**: TDM data is organized into frames, where each frame consists of a set of time slots. Each frame is repeated at regular intervals, ensuring continuous transmission of data streams. The frame structure helps in managing the data streams and maintaining the synchronization between the transmitter and receiver.
4. **Multiplexer and Demultiplexer**: At the transmitting end, a multiplexer combines multiple input signals into a single composite signal by assigning each signal to a specific time slot. At the receiving end, a demultiplexer separates the composite signal back into individual signals based on their respective time slots.
### Types of TDM
1. **Synchronous TDM**: In synchronous TDM, time slots are pre-assigned to each signal, regardless of whether the signal has data to transmit or not. This can lead to inefficiencies if some time slots remain empty due to the absence of data.
2. **Asynchronous TDM (or Statistical TDM)**: Asynchronous TDM addresses the inefficiencies of synchronous TDM by allocating time slots dynamically based on the presence of data. Time slots are assigned only when there is data to transmit, which optimizes the use of the communication channel.
### Applications of TDM
- **Telecommunications**: TDM is extensively used in telecommunication systems, such as in T1 and E1 lines, where multiple telephone calls are transmitted over a single line by assigning each call to a specific time slot.
- **Digital Audio and Video Broadcasting**: TDM is used in broadcasting systems to transmit multiple audio or video streams over a single channel, ensuring efficient use of bandwidth.
- **Computer Networks**: TDM is used in network protocols and systems to manage the transmission of data from multiple sources over a single network medium.
### Advantages of TDM
- **Efficient Use of Bandwidth**: TDM all
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
3. 1. Acknowledgement
2. History of Bhushan steel
3. Safety
4. Pickling
5. Rolling
6. ECL
7. Annealing
8. Skin Pass Mill
9. Finishing
10.Quality System
11. GP-1
12.Utility
13.Mechanical Maintenance
14.Narrow Plant
15.Electrical Maintenance
4. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
• I have taken efforts in this project. However, it would not have been
possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and
organizations. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them.
• I am highly indebted to “BHUSHAN STEEL” for their guidance and
constant supervision as well as for providing necessary information
regarding the project & also for their support in completing the project.
• I would like to express my gratitude towards my parents & member of
“BHUSHAN STEEL” for their kind co-operation and encouragement
which help me in completion of this project.
• I would like to express my special gratitude and thanks to industry persons
for giving me such attention and time.
• My thanks and appreciations also go to my colleague in developing the
project and people who have willingly helped me out with their abilities.
5. HISTORY OF BHUSHAN STEEL
INDUSTRY TYPE STEEL
FOUNDED IN 1987
HEADQUARTER NEW DELHI
CHAIRMAN Mr. BRIJ BHUSHAN SINGAL
VICE CHAIRMAN & MANAGING
DIRECROR
Mr. NEERAJ SINGAL
6. • Bhushan Steel Limited is the largest manufacturer of auto-grade steel in
India Bhushan Steel, with a large amount of debt in proportion to its equity
(3.5 times more), is a highly leveraged company. The company's
consolidated debt stands at ₹31,839 crore, having risen 18 per cent from a
year ago. The Company is spending Rs. 260 billion to expand its capacity to
12 million tonnes annually, from the present installed capacity of around
one million tonnes.
• COMPANY PROFILE
• Bhushan Steel Ltd is one of the prominent players in the Indian Steel
industry. Backed with more than 27 years of experience, we are now India's
3rd largest Secondary Steel Producing Company with an existing steel
production capacity of 5.6 million ton per annum.
• As one of the largest integrated steel players in India, BSL is a source for
vivid variety of products such as Hot Rolled Coil,CRCA,CRFH,Galvanized
Coil and Sheet,Galume Coil and Sheet,Color Coated Coils,Color Coated
Tiles,High Tensile Steel Strips,Hardened & Tempered Steel Strips,Precision
Tubes,HFW/ERW Pipe (API Grade),3LP Coated Pipes,Billets and Sponge
Iron.
7. • Being amongst the prime movers of the technological revolution in Indian
Cold Rolled Steel Industry, BSL has emerged as the country's largest and
the only Cold Rolled Steel Plant with an independent line for
manufacturing Cold Rolled Coil and Sheet up to a width of 1700mm.
Along with this we also have a Galvanized Coil and Sheet line up to a
width of 1350 mm.
• In addition, strengthening us to grow from pillar to pillar is our robust
network of sales and marketing units across Indian continent and other
countries helping us reach our global customer base.
• At Bhushan Steel, we are living tomorrow today; because the endeavor to
a brighter future starts from today. In superior community building, in
harnessing safety, by nurturing the environment and by adopting world-
class technology for producing outstanding products, Bhushan's resilient
approach to its impeccable vision makes it a global Integrated Steel
producer.
8.
9. 1) ALWAYS WEAR SAFETY EQUIPMENTS LIKE HELMET AND GLOVES
2) NEVER MOVE UNDER THE CRANE
3) BE CAREFULL OF THE WORKING MACHINERY
4) NEVER TOUCH THE MACHINERY WITHOUT PROPER KNOWLEDGE
5) KEEP KNOWLEDGE OF THE EMERGENCY EXIT IN CASE OF ANY
ACCIDENT
6) KNOW HOW TO OPERATE A FIRE EXTINGUISHER TO PUT OFF FIRE
WHEN NEEDED
7) NEVER WEAR TIE IF YOU ARE WORKING ON A MACHINERY
8) DO NOT WALK ON THE RAIL SET FOR TROLLEYS
9) REMAIN ALERT OF THE SURROUNDINGS
10)IN CASE OF ANY ACCIDENT DO NOT RUSH WHICH MAY LEAD TO
HUSTLE
10. DEFINITION:- IT IS A CHEMICAL TREATMENT OF THE METAL SHEET
USED TO CLEAN ITS SURFACE. i.e. IT IS THE PROCESS OF CLEANING
THE METAL SHEET BY WASHING IT BY CONC. ACID
PICKLING IS A METAL SURFACE TREATMENT USED TO REMOVE
IMPURITIES,SUCH AS STAINS,INORGANIC CONTAMINATION,RUST OR
SCALE FROM FERROUS METALS. A SOLUTION CALLED PICKLED LIQUID
WHICH CONTAINS STRONG ACID IS USED TO REMOVE THE SURFACE
IMPURITIES. IT IS GENERALLY USED TO REMOVE SURFACE
IMPURITIES. IT IS COMMONLY USED TO DESCLAE OR CLEAN A STEAL
IN VARIOUS STEELMAKING PROCESSES.
11. DIMENSIONS
SPECIFICATION
MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION(OL
D)
MATERIAL
SPECIFICATION(NE
W)
WIDTH(mm) 1700 (max) 1400(max)
THICKNESS(mm) 6(max) 6(max)
LINE
SPECIFICATION
OLD NEW
SPEED 120 m/min 110 m/min
ACTIVITIES INOLVED IN PICKLIKNG ARE:-
1. LOADING OF COIL
2. ACID TREATMENT OF INPUT MATERIAL
3. HOT WATER RINSING
4. DRYING
5. OILING
6. RECOILING
7. REMOVING OF COIL
8. STRAPPING AND LABELLING
9. TRANSFER OF OUTPUT MATERIAL
12. A. LOADING OF COIL
THE INPUT MATERIAL SHOULD BE LOADED AS PER PLANNING ON
UNCOILER USING CRANE AND COIL CAR. IT SHOULD BE IN PROPER
POSITION ON THE UNCOILER. PROPER HANDLING OF COIL SHOULD
BE DONE TO AVOID ANY MISS HAPPENING.
B. ACID TREATMENT OF INPUT MATERIAL
PICKLING TAKES PLACE IN STEEL TANK LINED WITH RUBBER AND
FITTED WITH GRANITE STONES. PICKLING TANK IS DIVIDED INTO
FOUR PARTS. THE TANK NEAR THE UNCOILER IS MARKED AS TANK
NO.1 AND SO ON. THE %OF ACID, IRON CONTENT AND TEMP OF ACID
IN THESE FOUR TANKS SHOULD BE MAINTAINED AS MENTIONED
BELOW.
13. TANK NO. ACID % MAX IRON
CONTENT(Gm/lit)
TEMP RANGE
OLD 1 3-5 140 70-85
2 5-10 100 70-85
3 10-14 70 70-85
4 14-18 50 70-85
NEW 1 2-6 200 70-85
2 6-11 150 70-85
3 11-18 100 70-85
14. TANK NO. ACID % MAX IRON
CONTENT(Gm/lit)
TEMP RANGE
OLD
(SPECIAL
CASE
DEEP
RUSTY
COIL)
1 3-6 140 70-85
2 6-11 100 70-85
3 11-16 70 70-85
4 16-22 50 70-85
NEW
(SPECIAL
CASE
DEEP
RUSTY
COIL)
1 2-7 200 70-85
2 7-12 150 70-85
3 12-20 100 70-85
15. C. HOT WAGTER RINSING
DISCHARGE OF WATER- IT SHOULD BE ENSURED THAT DISCHARGE
OF RINSE WATER TO ETP/ARP SHOULD BE DONE PROPERLY WITHOUT
ANY LEAKAGE
D. DRYING
E. OILING
F. RECOILING
G. REMOVING OF COIL
H. STRAPPING AND LABELLING
I. TRANSFER OF OUTPUT MATERIAL
16. HITACHI MILL IS USED FOR THE REDUCTION OF THICKNESS OF THE
SHEETS.
IT IS ALSO USED IN MAINTAINING TENSION IN THE SHEETS.
HYDRAULIC LOAD IS APPLIED ON THE 6 HI ROLLERS.
THE OUTER MOST ROLLER HAS THE LARGEST DIAMETER KNOWN AS
BACKUP ROLLER.
THE CENTER ROLLERS ARE CALLED INTERMEDIATE ROLLERS.
THE ROLLER FROM WHICH THE SHEET PASSES IS CALLED THE WORK
ROLL. IT HAS THE DIAMETER.
18. PRODUCTION SCHEDULING-
1. SELECT THE COIL AS PER PLANNING SHEET AND FEED COIL NO,
MATERIAL GRADE, ROLLING MODE, MATERIAL THICKNESS, WIDTH,
WEIGHT, NEXT PROCESS, CUSTOMER NAME, FINAL THICKNESS, IN
LEVEL-II
2. CHECK THE PASS SCHEDULE AT LEVEL-II FOR NO. OF PASS AND
ROLLING PARAMETER IN EACH PASS LIKE DELIEVERY THICKNESS,
FRONT TENSION, BACK TENSION FOR BENDING FORCE, MAXIMIM
SPEED AND REDUCTION.FOR ALL SUMITOMO GRADES MAXIMUM
GAP BETWEEN PICKLING AND ROLLING SHOULD NOT EXCEED 72
HRS THOOSE COIL EXCEEDS 72 HRS WILL BE SENT BACK TO
PICKLING.
LOADING OF COIL-
1. PLACE THE PICKLED COIL ON THE SKID WITH THE HELP OF CRANE
2. LOAD COIL AT CENTER OF MANDREL WITH USE OF MANDREL WITH
USE OF COIL CAR & ENSURE THAT IT IS AT CENTER OF THE MANDREL
FEEDING OF COIL-
1. FEED THE LEADER END OF COIL TO THE MILL WITH THE HELP OF
THREE ROLL FEEDER AND THREADING TABLE.
19. 1. 2. SET SIDE GUIDE & PRESSURE BOARD BY KEEPING THE STRIP IN
CENTER.
2. 3. APPLY THE TOUCH LOAD AND REDUCE THE WORK ROLL BENDING
FORCE.
3. THREAD THE LEADER END TO THE GRIPPER OF LTR MANDREL BY
JOGGING THE MILL.
4. EXPAND THE MANDREL & GRIPPER ROTATE ONE REVOLUTION OF
STRIP ON MANDREL IN TANDEM JOG.
ROLLING OF COIL-
1. APPLY INITIAL LOAD BY APC.
2. SWITCH ON THE TENSION.
3. GIVE THE THREAD COMMAND, MILL WILL START RUN ON 30MPM
SPEED & COOLANT ON AUTOMATICALLY.
4. CHECK THE SURFACE OF SHEET FOR SCRATCHES , BENDS, AND
COOLANT CARRY OVER ETC.
5. CHECK SHAPE OF STRIP PHYSICALLY &COMPARE WITH SHAPE
METER DISPLAY ADJUST UP TO SATISFACTION.
6. WHEN GAUGE &SHAPE COME IN TARGET RANGE, INCREASE SPEED
AS PER SCHEDULE OR CONDITION.
20.
21. AN ECL LINE CLEANS THE STRIP SURFACE OF OIL AND DIRT BY
CHEMICAL ACTION, USING AN ALKALINE SOLUTION. THE STRIP PASSES
BETWEEN ELECTRODES WHICH ARE IMMERSED IN TANKS CONTAINING
THE ELECTROLYTE. THIS TECHNIQUE IS MORE EFFECTIVE IN
CLEANING COLD ROLLED STEEL THAN CONVENTIONAL CLEANING
PROCESSES USED ON HIGH SPEED ELECTRO TINNING AND ALKALINE-
CLEANING LINES.
CLASSIFICATION
THEY ARE CATEGORIZED INTO TWO TYPES :
HIGH CURRENT DENSITY (HCD) ELECTROLYTIC CLEANING LINES
LOW CURRENT DENSITY (LCD) ELECTROLYTIC CLEANING LINES
THESE TECHNIQUES ARE MORE EFFECTIVE IN CLEANING COLD ROLLED
STEEL THAN CONVENTIONAL CLEANING PROCESSES USED ON HIGH
SPEED ELECTRO TINNING AND ALKALINE-CLEANING LINES
22. 1. PRIMARY BATH- ALKALI USED IS SODIUM ORTHO SILICATE(Na2SiO3)
2. SKIN BATH
3. SQUEEZE ROLL (TEMP-70-900 C)
4. ECL(MAIN)- ELECTRO CLEANING LINE
ALKALI USED IS SODIUM ORTHPO SILICATE((Na2SiO3) 1.2-3%
4 ELECTRODE ARE USED
5. HOT RINSE TANK- WATER AT 70-900C IS SPRINKLED VIA NOZZLES
6. DRY CHAMBER- TEMP IS 1100C
23.
24. ANNEALING IS A PROCESS OF HEATING, SOAKING AND CONTROLLED
COOLING OF COIL IN A NON OXIDIZING ATMOSPHERE.
ANNEALING IS DONE TO REFINE THE GRAIN STRUCTURE
AND REDUCE HARDNESS OF SHEET.
ANNEALING IS DONE AT A TEMPERATURE OF 575-650°C
BELL TYPE ANNEALING IS DONE FOR ROLLED SHEETS
KATHABAR BELL IS USED FOR COOLING OF ROLLED SHEET SO THAT THE
STRIP DOES NOT STUCK WITH EACH OTHER.
OXYGEN GAS IS REMOVED BY FILLING UP NITROGEN GAS INSIDE THE
BELL.
NITROGEN GAS IS REMOVED BY FILLING HYDROGEN GAS.
AIR COOLING IS DONE TILL THE TEMPERATURE REACHES 250°C
WATER COOLING IS DONE TILL THE TEMPERATURE REACHES TO 125°C
AFTERWARD COOLING IS DONE BY DRY AIR WHICH IS FORMED ON
KATHABAR BELLS
26. DIMENSIONAL
SPECIFICATION
MINIMUM MAXIMUM
WIDTH 800MM 1705MM
THICKNESS 0.15MM 3.50MM
COIL OUTER
DIAMETER
2000MM
COIL INNER
DIAMETER
610MM
WEIGHT 30MT
IN THIS MILL THE SURFACE FINISHING OF THE ROLLED SHEET IS
INCREASED.
HARDNESS IS ALSO INCREASED AS PER REQUIREMENT OF CUSTOMERS.
IT IMPROVES SHAPE AND TEMPER OF THE MATERIAL.
7% REDUCTION OF SPM IS DONE IN THIS MILL.
QUALITY PARAMETER IS FINALLY CHECKED IN THIS MILL.
27. LINE SPECIFICATION VALUE
LOAD MASS 1000MT
MAX SPEED 600M/MIN
MAX MILL TENSION 1000 KG
UNCOILER TENSION 3000 KG
RECOILER TENSION 4500 KG
MAX ELONGATION 7%
THREADING SPEED 50 MPM
29. IT IS THE PROCEDURE OF SLITTING THE COIL THROUGH ITS WIDTH,
THE DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO CUTTERS IS EQUAL TO THE 10% OF THE
SHEET.
CUT TO LENGTH:-
IN THIS LINE SHEETS ARE CUT ACCORDING TO THE REQUIREMENT OF
THE CUSTOMER.
SHEAR BLADES ARE USED FOR CUTTING OF THE SHEETS.
SHEETS ARE DISPATCHED FOR COLORING OR POLISHING
30.
31.
32. A QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (QMS) IS A COLLECTION OF
BUSINESS PROCESSES FOCUSED ON CONSISTENTLY MEETING
CUSTOMER REQUIREMENTS AND ENHANCING THEIR SATISFACTION. IT
IS ALIGNED WITH COMPANY'S PURPOSE AND STRATEGIC DIRECTION
(ISO9001:2015). IT IS EXPRESSED AS THE ORGANIZATIONAL GOALS AND
ASPIRATIONS, POLICIES, PROCESSES, DOCUMENTED INFORMATION
AND RESOURCES NEEDED TO IMPLEMENT AND MAINTAIN IT.
33. • EARLY QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS EMPHASIZED
PREDICTABLE OUTCOMES OF AN INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT
PRODUCTION LINE, USING SIMPLE STATISTICS AND RANDOM
SAMPLING. BY THE 20TH CENTURY, LABOUR INPUTS WERE
TYPICALLY THE MOST COSTLY INPUTS IN MOST INDUSTRIALIZED
SOCIETIES, SO FOCUS SHIFTED TO TEAM COOPERATION AND
DYNAMICS, ESPECIALLY THE EARLY SIGNALING OF PROBLEMS VIA
A CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT CYCLE. IN THE 21ST CENTURY, QMS
HAS TENDED TO CONVERGE WITH SUSTAINABILITY AND
TRANSPARENCY INITIATIVES, AS BOTH INVESTOR AND CUSTOMER
SATISFACTION AND PERCEIVED QUALITY IS INCREASINGLY TIED TO
THESE FACTORS. OF QMS REGIMES, THE ISO 9000 FAMILY OF
STANDARDS IS PROBABLY THE MOST WIDELY IMPLEMENTED
WORLDWIDE - THE ISO 19011 AUDIT REGIME APPLIES TO BOTH, AND
DEALS WITH QUALITY AND SUSTAINABILITY AND THEIR
INTEGRATION.
• OTHER QMS, E.G. NATURAL STEP, FOCUS ON SUSTAINABILITY
ISSUES AND ASSUME THAT OTHER QUALITY PROBLEMS WILL BE
REDUCED AS RESULT OF THE SYSTEMATIC THINKING,
TRANSPARENCY, DOCUMENTATION AND DIAGNOSTIC DISCIPLINE
34. GP STANDS FOR GALVANIZING PLANT
THE PURPOSE OF THE CONTINUOUS GALVANIZING LINE IS TO APPLY A
COAT OF ZINC ONTO THE SURFACE OF STEEL SHEETS IN AN EFFORT TO
INCREASE THEIR CORROSION RESISTANCE. THERE IS A WIDE RANGE
OF CONTROL OF ZINC COAT THICKNESS, AND THE GALVANIZED STEEL
SHEETS ARE USED FOR A BOARD RANGE OF PURPOSES, INCLUDING
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS, AUTOMOBILES AND ELECTRICAL
APPLIANCES. GALUME IS THE TRADE NAME FOR A SHEET STEEL
PRODUCT WITH A HIGHLY CORROSION RESISTANT COATING
CONTAINING NOMINALLY 55% ALUMINIUM AND 43% ZINC BY WEIGHT,
THE BALANCE PRIMARILY SILICON IS USED TO EFFECT EXCELLENT
ADHESION TO THE STEEL SUBSTRATE. THIS METALLIC COATING
WHICH IS APPLIED USING A CONTINUOUS HOT-DIP COATING PROCESS
COMBINES THE GALVANIC CORROSION PROTECTION OF ZINC WITH
THE BARRIER PROTECTION OF ALUMINIUM.
35. • A.WORK INSTRUCTION FOR ENTRY SECTION
• APPROVED PROCESS APPROVED MACHINERY
• COIL LOADING------- COIL CAR & UNCOILER
• WELDING-------- WELDING UNIT
• B.LINE SPECIFICATION
• MONITORING OF PROCESS PARAMETERS
• SPEED
• ENTRY SPEED 15 – 20MPM
• TENSION
• ENTRY (POR) 56 –560MPM
• ENTRY ACCUMULATOR 105 TO 1050 KG
• POSITION
• ENTRY ACCUMULATOR1 – 90% FILLED
• POR INITIAL DATA 500MM – 600MM
• C.OLD ROLED MATERIAL SPECIFICATION
36. • · HARDNESS OF MATERIAL 45 – 100 HRB
• · THICKNESS OF STRIP 0.17 – 2.2MM
• · WIDTH 500 – 1280 MM
• · WEIGHT- 5MT (MIN.), 22MT (MAX.)
• · INITIAL DIAMETER OF COIL 500 MM – 600MM
• D. COLD ROLLED MATERIAL INSPECTION
• · PREFERABLY COIL SHOULD BE FREE FROM EDGE CUT & SAW
EDGES.
• SHAPE & SURFACE FINISH OF THE COLD ROLLED COIL IS
INSPECTED BY ENTRY OPERATOR
• & ALSO ENTERS THE SAME IN LOG BOOK.
• E. INTRODUCTION FOR ENTRY SETUP
• · MADE ENTRY SECTION READY BY PRESSING SWITCH.
• · MAKE ACCUMULATOR TENSION ON BY PRESSING SWITCH.
• · MAKE POR TENSION ON BY PRESSING SWITCH.
• · MAKE ENTRY START BY PRESSING SWITCHES.
• F. COIL LOADING
• · COIL IS LOADED WITH THE HELP OF COIL CAR.
37.
38. UTILITY DEPARTMENT HAS 4 SUB DEPARTMENT UNDER IT
1. RO PLANT, COOLING TOWER & PUMP HOUSE
2. BOILER
3. AIR COMPRESSOR
4. A.C PLANT
RO PLANT- IT USES THE REVERSE OSMOSIS PROCESS TO FILTER THE
WATER
PURIFYING OF WATER STARTS WITH THE COLLECTION OF WATER IN
STORAGE TANKS WHERE SODIUM HYPOCHLORIDE IS MIXED IN IT WHICH
REACT WITH IRON ANS SETTLES THE IRON CONTENT IN THE BOTTOM OF
TANK, BUT IT ALSO RELEASES CHLORINE THERE FORE WE US SODIUM
SULPHITE. WE ALSO USE ANTISCALENT TO PREVENT THE BLOCKAGE OF
PIPES
NOW THE WATER PASSES THROUGH ANOTHER STORAGE TANK KNOWN AS
MICRO CARTIDGE FILTER TANK
1. 50 MICRON FOR SOLID PARTICLES
2. 5 MICRON FOR SMALLER IMPURITIES
NOW THE WATER PASSES THROUGH RO PROCESS
USEFULL WATER PASSES VIA MIDDLE PIPE KNOWN AS PERMEATE AND
OTHER IS CALLED REJECTED
39.
40.
41. COOLING TOWER- THE COOLING TOWER IS USED TO COOL THE
WATER THAT ABSORBS HEAT FROM THE COMPRESSOR AND THE
CONDENSER. WHEN WATER FLOWS THROUGH THESE COMPONENTS
SOME WATER GETS EVAPORATED, TO MAKE UP THIS LOSS SOME WATER
IS ALSO ADDED IN THE COOLING TOWER. THE COOLING TOWER IS OF
EVAPORATIVE TYPE. HERE THE WATER IS COOLED BY THE
ATMOSPHERIC AIR AND IS RE-CIRCULATED THROUGH THE COMPRESSOR
AND THE CONDENSER
BOILER- THE BOILER CHANGES THE FORM OF WATER FROM LIQIUD
TO VAPOUR. FIRST A SMALL DIA PIPE SUPPLIES GAS TO THE FURNANCE
NOW A SPARK IS GIVEN TO BURN THE GAS AFTER THAT A LARGE DIA
PIPE SUPPLIES THE GAS TO THE BURNERS AND THE SMALL DIA PIPE IS
SWITCHED OFF.
THE STEAM GENERATED IS NOW SUPPLIED TO THE PLANT WHERE
NECESSARY
42. AIR COMPRESSOR- AN AIR COMPRESSOR IS A DEVICE THAT
CONVERTS POWER (USING AN ELECTRIC MOTOR, DIESEL OR GASOLINE
ENGINE, ETC.) INTO POTENTIAL ENERGY STORED IN PRESSURIZED AIR
(I.E., COMPRESSED AIR). BY ONE OF SEVERAL METHODS, AN AIR
COMPRESSOR FORCES MORE AND MORE AIR INTO A STORAGE TANK,
INCREASING THE PRESSURE. WHEN TANK PRESSURE REACHES ITS
UPPER LIMIT THE AIR COMPRESSOR SHUTS OFF. THE COMPRESSED AIR,
THEN, IS HELD IN THE TANK UNTIL CALLED INTO USE. THE ENERGY
CONTAINED IN THE COMPRESSED AIR CAN BE USED FOR A VARIETY OF
APPLICATIONS, UTILIZING THE KINETIC ENERGY OF THE AIR AS IT IS
RELEASED AND THE TANK DEPRESSURIZES. WHEN TANK PRESSURE
REACHES ITS LOWER LIMIT, THE AIR COMPRESSOR TURNS ON AGAIN
AND RE-PRESSURIZES THE TANK.
43. A.C PLANT- IN INDUSTRY IT IS UNDERSTOOD THAT PEOPLE
WORKING IN THE INDUSTRY NEED SOME COMFORT WHILE WORKING
THEREFORE A.C PLANT IS INSTALLED TO GIVE THEM A
COMFORTABLE WORKING ENVIRONMENT
44. MAINTENANCE, REPAIR AND OPERATIONS (MRO) OR MAINTENANCE, REPAIR,
AND OVERHAUL INVOLVES FIXING ANY SORT OF MECHANICAL, PLUMBING OR
ELECTRICAL DEVICE SHOULD IT BECOME OUT OF ORDER OR BROKEN (KNOWN AS
REPAIR, UNSCHEDULED, OR CASUALTY MAINTENANCE).
MAINTENANCE TYPES
GENERALLY SPEAKING, THERE ARE FOUR TYPES OF MAINTENANCE IN USE:
PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE, WHERE EQUIPMENT IS MAINTAINED BEFORE
BREAK DOWN OCCURS.
OPERATIONAL MAINTENANCE, WHERE EQUIPMENT IS MAINTAINED IN USING.
CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE, WHERE EQUIPMENT IS MAINTAINED AFTER
BREAK DOWN. THIS MAINTENANCE IS OFTEN MOST EXPENSIVE BECAUSE WORN
EQUIPMENT CAN DAMAGE OTHER PARTS AND CAUSE MULTIPLE DAMAGES.
ADAPTIVE MAINTENANCE, WHERE EQUIPMENT IS MAINTAINED BY LETTING IT
ADAPT TO NEW ENVIRONMENT.
45. IT IS ALSO A SHEARING PROCESS BUT THE WIDTH OF THE OUTPUT
SHEET IS VERY LESS AS COMPARED TO THE SLTTING IN FINISHING
PROCESS
46. IT INVOLVES FAULT DIAGNOSIS, ROUTINE CHECKUP, SERVICING AND
REPAIRING OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENT OF MACHINES