This document provides guidelines for inspecting and repairing hot dip galvanized coatings. It discusses testing coating thickness and uniformity, evaluating surface conditions, and repair procedures. The minimum coating thicknesses specified in standards are summarized in tables for different material thicknesses and classes of work. Factors that can influence coating thickness and uniformity are also outlined.
There are numerous welding processes including arc welding, electron beam welding,
friction welding, laser welding, and resistance welding. This article will concentrate on arc
welding, which is the most common technique used to join most steels. Factors affecting
weld quality will be discussed and how to avoid common weld defects will be presented.
Arc welding requires striking a low-voltage, high-current arc between an electrode and the
base metal. The intense heat generated with this arc melts the base metal and allows the
joining of two components. The characteristic of the metal that is being welded and the joint
type (i.e. groove, fillet, etc.) dictates the welding parameters and the procedure that needs to
be followed to obtain a sound weld joint.
Corrosion monitoring in petroleum refineriesK R SONI
In petroleum refineries, corrosion of equipment takes place all through its operating life. It is essential to monitor the corrosion damage so that timely corrective actions like maintenance / repairs / rehabilitation of equipment can be undertaken before it causes unsafe plant operations.
The techniques employed for systematic corrosion monitoring of refinery equipment have been described in this presentation.
Billet defects pinhole and blowhole formation prevention and evolutionJorge Madias
Pin holes as a surface defect, and blow holes as an inner defect, occur in billet / bloom / beam blank casting, particularly for Si-Mn killed steel cast with metering nozzle and oil lubrication. If they are present in abundance or have a large size, they may originate defects in the rolled products. Their characteristics, factors behind their formation, as well as usual processing conditions that promote their occurrence are discussed. Finally, the evolution of these defects during reheating and rolling is analyzed, with industrial examples
Galvanization or galvanizing is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which the parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.
There are numerous welding processes including arc welding, electron beam welding,
friction welding, laser welding, and resistance welding. This article will concentrate on arc
welding, which is the most common technique used to join most steels. Factors affecting
weld quality will be discussed and how to avoid common weld defects will be presented.
Arc welding requires striking a low-voltage, high-current arc between an electrode and the
base metal. The intense heat generated with this arc melts the base metal and allows the
joining of two components. The characteristic of the metal that is being welded and the joint
type (i.e. groove, fillet, etc.) dictates the welding parameters and the procedure that needs to
be followed to obtain a sound weld joint.
Corrosion monitoring in petroleum refineriesK R SONI
In petroleum refineries, corrosion of equipment takes place all through its operating life. It is essential to monitor the corrosion damage so that timely corrective actions like maintenance / repairs / rehabilitation of equipment can be undertaken before it causes unsafe plant operations.
The techniques employed for systematic corrosion monitoring of refinery equipment have been described in this presentation.
Billet defects pinhole and blowhole formation prevention and evolutionJorge Madias
Pin holes as a surface defect, and blow holes as an inner defect, occur in billet / bloom / beam blank casting, particularly for Si-Mn killed steel cast with metering nozzle and oil lubrication. If they are present in abundance or have a large size, they may originate defects in the rolled products. Their characteristics, factors behind their formation, as well as usual processing conditions that promote their occurrence are discussed. Finally, the evolution of these defects during reheating and rolling is analyzed, with industrial examples
Galvanization or galvanizing is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron, to prevent rusting. The most common method is hot-dip galvanizing, in which the parts are submerged in a bath of molten zinc.
The Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) plays an important role during any welded construction activities ensuring the required specifications and standards are followed. Due to the numerous materials and processes associated with metal joining (welding) THIS PRESENTATION SHALL SHOW ONLY THE BASIC WELDING PROCESSES AND EXAMINATION METHODS (NDE). National and International Codes and Specifications along with measuring devices are the Inspector’s tools. Hopefully the following presentation shall give an insight into basic welding inspection.
Presentation of the hot-dip galvanising process and of the different parameters that are important when choosing one product over another.
There are two suggestions for different types of treatment lines: a fully acid line with enhanced protection for rough environments needing passivation and another line with alkaline degreasing for extremely greasy parts.
Electroplating, Phosphating, Powder Coating and Metal Finishing Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Electroplating, Phosphating, Powder Coating and Metal Finishing (Electroplating Plant, Copper Plating, Electroforming, Brass Plating, Silver Plating, Tin-Nickel Alloy Plating, Gold Plating (Gilding), Cadmium Plating, Zinc Plating)
Electroplating is a process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode. The term is also used for electrical oxidation of anions onto a solid substrate, as in the formation silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes. Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object (e.g. abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.), but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming.
See more
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Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Electroplating Plant, Automatic Equipment, Surface Coatings and Treatments, Electroplating and Coating Plants, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Powder Coating Plants, Powder Coating Equipments, How to Start Powder Coating Business, Powder Coating Business Plan, Business Plan on Powder Coating, Start Powder Coating Business, Start High Profit Powder Coating Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Electroplating Business, Gold Plating Business, How to Start Metal Plating Business, Starting Zinc Plating Business, How to Start Electroplating Business, How to Start Metal Finishing Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Metal Finishing Industry, Business Plans for Metal Finishing, Zinc Plating Process, Zinc Plating Plant, Electroplating Plant for Acid Zinc, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Fixed Sequence Automatic Plating Plant, Trojan and Gem Type Automatic Plant, Vulcan Lattice Arm Type Automatic Plant, Titan Type Automatic Plant, Digit Pivoted Arm Type Automatic Plant, Straight-Through Type Automatic Plant, Methods of Transporter Control, Microprocessor and Computer Control, Semi-Automatic Plating Plant, Barrel Planting Plant, Suitability of Articles for Barrel Plating, Glydo/Glydette Barrel Plating Equipment, Calculation of Work Loads, Manual Planting Plant, Single Station Barrel Plating Units, Modular Plant and Specialised Equipment for Electronics Industry, Electroplating Equipment, Welded Steel Tanks, Plastic Tanks Reinforced with Glass Fibre, Tank Lining Materials, Glass Fibre (GRP) Tanks, Treatment of Rubber Linings, Ilex Grade Plastic Lined Tanks, Galvanised Steel Coils, Lead and Lead Alloy Coils, Titanium Coils, Metal Cased Heaters, Teflon Immersion Heaters, Silica Cased Heaters
Welding Procedure Specification and Welder approval based on
AWS D.1.1: Structural Steel Welding Code
ASME IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications
API 1104: Welding of Pipelines
This presentation gives a brief introduction to chemical heat treatment of steels and surface hardening techniques
Keywords: Carburising, Nitriding, Carbonitriding, Flame hardening, Laser hardening, Induction hardening
The Certified Welding Inspector (CWI) plays an important role during any welded construction activities ensuring the required specifications and standards are followed. Due to the numerous materials and processes associated with metal joining (welding) THIS PRESENTATION SHALL SHOW ONLY THE BASIC WELDING PROCESSES AND EXAMINATION METHODS (NDE). National and International Codes and Specifications along with measuring devices are the Inspector’s tools. Hopefully the following presentation shall give an insight into basic welding inspection.
Presentation of the hot-dip galvanising process and of the different parameters that are important when choosing one product over another.
There are two suggestions for different types of treatment lines: a fully acid line with enhanced protection for rough environments needing passivation and another line with alkaline degreasing for extremely greasy parts.
Electroplating, Phosphating, Powder Coating and Metal Finishing Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Electroplating, Phosphating, Powder Coating and Metal Finishing (Electroplating Plant, Copper Plating, Electroforming, Brass Plating, Silver Plating, Tin-Nickel Alloy Plating, Gold Plating (Gilding), Cadmium Plating, Zinc Plating)
Electroplating is a process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode. The term is also used for electrical oxidation of anions onto a solid substrate, as in the formation silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes. Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object (e.g. abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.), but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming.
See more
https://goo.gl/bKk1XU
https://goo.gl/5QasBV
https://goo.gl/sBmyLI
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Electroplating Plant, Automatic Equipment, Surface Coatings and Treatments, Electroplating and Coating Plants, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Powder Coating Plants, Powder Coating Equipments, How to Start Powder Coating Business, Powder Coating Business Plan, Business Plan on Powder Coating, Start Powder Coating Business, Start High Profit Powder Coating Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Electroplating Business, Gold Plating Business, How to Start Metal Plating Business, Starting Zinc Plating Business, How to Start Electroplating Business, How to Start Metal Finishing Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Metal Finishing Industry, Business Plans for Metal Finishing, Zinc Plating Process, Zinc Plating Plant, Electroplating Plant for Acid Zinc, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Fixed Sequence Automatic Plating Plant, Trojan and Gem Type Automatic Plant, Vulcan Lattice Arm Type Automatic Plant, Titan Type Automatic Plant, Digit Pivoted Arm Type Automatic Plant, Straight-Through Type Automatic Plant, Methods of Transporter Control, Microprocessor and Computer Control, Semi-Automatic Plating Plant, Barrel Planting Plant, Suitability of Articles for Barrel Plating, Glydo/Glydette Barrel Plating Equipment, Calculation of Work Loads, Manual Planting Plant, Single Station Barrel Plating Units, Modular Plant and Specialised Equipment for Electronics Industry, Electroplating Equipment, Welded Steel Tanks, Plastic Tanks Reinforced with Glass Fibre, Tank Lining Materials, Glass Fibre (GRP) Tanks, Treatment of Rubber Linings, Ilex Grade Plastic Lined Tanks, Galvanised Steel Coils, Lead and Lead Alloy Coils, Titanium Coils, Metal Cased Heaters, Teflon Immersion Heaters, Silica Cased Heaters
Welding Procedure Specification and Welder approval based on
AWS D.1.1: Structural Steel Welding Code
ASME IX: Welding and Brazing Qualifications
API 1104: Welding of Pipelines
This presentation gives a brief introduction to chemical heat treatment of steels and surface hardening techniques
Keywords: Carburising, Nitriding, Carbonitriding, Flame hardening, Laser hardening, Induction hardening
Goel Scientific General information and introductionGoel Scientific
Borosilicate glass represents unmatched standardized glass for construction of plant
and piping in the chemical, dyestuff, food pharmaceutical, petrochemical industries. Its
steadily growing use is due to many advantages over conventional materials.
Seals are four lipped seals with a specially developed sealing profile. A wide range of elastomer materials for both standard and special applications allows practically all liquid and gaseous media to be sealed. Quad-Ring Seals are vulcanized as a continuous ring. They are characterized by their annular form with a four lipped profile.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Galvanizing Inspection of Structure
1. HOT DIP
GALVANIZERS
ASSOCIATION
SOUTHERN AFRICA
The
Association is
a technical
information
centre
established for
the benefit of
specifiers,
consultants,
end users and
its members
PRACTICAL GUIDELINES
FOR THE INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF
HOT DIP GALVANIZED COATINGS
23. RELIABILITY
The hot dip galvanized coating is formed by a metallurgical reaction
between suitably cleaned steel and molten zinc. This results in the
formation of a series of iron/zinc alloys which are overcoated with
relatively pure zinc. The process entails total immersion of
components in both pretreatment chemicals and molten zinc. This
ensures uniform protection and coating reliability even on surfaces
which would be inaccessible for coating by other methods.
DEPENDABILITY
Ease of inspection and dependability in service are beneficial features
of a hot dip galvanized coating. The cathodic protection of steel by
zinc ensures that corrosion of the underlying steel cannot occur as
long as zinc is present. Even at discontinuities on the coating,
corrosion creep under the surrounding zinc is not possible.
PREDICTABILITY
The durability of a hot dip galvanized coating is determined by the
degree of corrosion of zinc in a specific environment and the
thickness of the coating. Corrosion of zinc is normally uniform, thus
durability of a hot dip galvanized coating is predictable in most
applications.
ISSUE DATE: NOVEMBER 2005