The document discusses cognitive enhancement and identifies weak signals related to its development. It covers:
1) Past and potential future pathways of cognitive enhancement, including social/educational and biological methods.
2) Hopes for enhancement like preventing impairment, and fears around risks to humanity.
3) A search identifying 40 weak signals, mostly in biology and tools, with few on social/psychological impacts.
4) Key emerging issues relate to neuroimaging, implants, drugs and genetics raising concerns around ethics, equality and eugenics.
5) Further analysis is needed on costs/benefits of different enhancement methods and priorities between performance vs. development. weak signals were somewhat limited in identifying societal and economic impacts.
The document discusses the concept of "digital immortality" (DI) which aims to reconstruct a person's identity based on indirect data captured about them. It proposes that by analyzing a person's input data (what they sensed) and output data (their reactions), one could theoretically simulate their brain and restore their structure and functioning. However, current technology is not advanced enough to do full identity reconstruction from indirect data alone. The document suggests focusing on developing tools to directly capture data about individuals through sensors, with the goal of applying that data to future DI efforts once algorithms and computing power are more advanced.
This document discusses the idea that natural minds are information-processing virtual machines that have been produced by evolution. It argues that to truly understand natural minds, we need to describe them with sufficient precision to enable the design of artificial minds. The key challenges are determining what concepts to use in theories of the mind and deciding whether producing artificial minds similar to natural ones will require new computing machinery. The document also discusses how virtual machines in computers can have causal powers and how psychotherapy can be viewed as debugging the "virtual machine" of the mind.
Smart Brain Wave Sensor for Paralyzed- A Real Time ImplementationSiraj Ahmed
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a smart brain wave sensor system to detect paralysis in patients. The system uses a headband with infrared sensors to measure brainwave signals and oxygen levels in the blood. The signals are sent to an Arduino board via Bluetooth to analyze values like alpha, beta, gamma, and theta waves. These values indicate the patient's ability to hear, speak, move organs, think, and react. The system was tested on 4 patients, and the results were able to detect different percentages of paralysis by comparing the patient data to reference values. This smart brain wave sensing system provides a non-invasive way to analyze paralysis that does not rely on MRI scans.
1) Intelligence is defined as the ability to act appropriately in uncertain environments in order to achieve goals and succeed.
2) Natural intelligence evolved through natural selection to produce behaviors that increase survival and reproduction.
3) More intelligent individuals and groups are better able to sense their environment, make decisions, and take actions that provide biological advantages over less intelligent competitors.
This document discusses neuroinformatics, which combines neuroscience and information science. It provides an agenda for the topics to be covered, including an introduction to neuroinformatics, database development and management, an overview of neuroimaging techniques, computational neuroscience modeling, current research applications, and challenges. Single neuron modeling approaches like Hodgkin-Huxley and cable theory are explained. Current areas of research discussed are brain-gene ontology, human brain mapping atlases, and brain-computer interfaces.
Brain-inspired AI as a way to desired general intelligenceドワンゴ 人工知能研究所
Brain-inspired AI as a way to desired general intelligence
Hiroshi Yamakawa* Naoya Arakawa* Koichi Takahashi*
*Whole Brain Architecture Initiative
Presented at "Gatsby-Kakenhi Joint Workshop on AI and Neuroscience ", May 12, 2017
Abstract:
It is critical to give artificial intelligence (AI) a general purpose problem-solving ability, as artificial general intelligence (AGI) with such functionality will bring about unprecedented intelligence development by its self-improvement capability.
With the advent of deep learning, Moravec’s paradox began to be eliminated and the current AI is progressing in a bottom-up approach following the ways of phylogeny and ontogeny. However, it is still struggling with intuitive physics that can be grasped by less-than-year-old infants. From this viewpoint, the realization of AGI seems far away.
Meanwhile, from the viewpoint of AI drawing on the brain, the realization of AGI does not seem so far away, as brain functions have been partially realized with artificial neural networks (ANNs). For example, general object recognition with a convolutional neural network (CNN) can be used to model the visual temporal lobe pathway and the delayed reward calculation of reinforcement learning for the basal ganglia. Similar cases can be made for other organs such as the auditory cortex and cerebellum. Those functional models will be gradually integrated to the whole brain architecture with mesoscopic connectomic information.
As the realization of brain-inspired AGI becomes more realistic, we must have a broad perspective in research and development, for its impact on society will be extensive.
Even if AGI goes beyond our intelligence, it will be relatively easy to understand it if it operates on the same architecture as our brain. AGI based on the brain architecture will more likely be a common property of mankind, because the architecture can be agreed upon by many and be used in a widely shared development platform. Thus, in order to build AGI in harmony with human beings, it would be desirable to strengthen the cooperation between the neuroscientific community and AI community and to promote the open development of brain-inspired AI.
The document summarizes Inria's organizational changes in 2010 to prepare for future challenges. Key points:
1) Inria modernized management methods and financial procedures, updating IT systems.
2) Growth was focused on new centers in Bordeaux, Lille, and Saclay through increased own resources like contracts.
3) Inria aligned with the national research strategy, signing agreements with universities and CNRS on partnerships.
4) The Allistene alliance was set up to coordinate with other research organizations on priorities and ethics. Support for startups was reorganized.
5) Research activities are now organized into five major fields led by Deputy Scientific Directors for improved coordination.
The document discusses the concept of "digital immortality" (DI) which aims to reconstruct a person's identity based on indirect data captured about them. It proposes that by analyzing a person's input data (what they sensed) and output data (their reactions), one could theoretically simulate their brain and restore their structure and functioning. However, current technology is not advanced enough to do full identity reconstruction from indirect data alone. The document suggests focusing on developing tools to directly capture data about individuals through sensors, with the goal of applying that data to future DI efforts once algorithms and computing power are more advanced.
This document discusses the idea that natural minds are information-processing virtual machines that have been produced by evolution. It argues that to truly understand natural minds, we need to describe them with sufficient precision to enable the design of artificial minds. The key challenges are determining what concepts to use in theories of the mind and deciding whether producing artificial minds similar to natural ones will require new computing machinery. The document also discusses how virtual machines in computers can have causal powers and how psychotherapy can be viewed as debugging the "virtual machine" of the mind.
Smart Brain Wave Sensor for Paralyzed- A Real Time ImplementationSiraj Ahmed
This document summarizes a research paper on developing a smart brain wave sensor system to detect paralysis in patients. The system uses a headband with infrared sensors to measure brainwave signals and oxygen levels in the blood. The signals are sent to an Arduino board via Bluetooth to analyze values like alpha, beta, gamma, and theta waves. These values indicate the patient's ability to hear, speak, move organs, think, and react. The system was tested on 4 patients, and the results were able to detect different percentages of paralysis by comparing the patient data to reference values. This smart brain wave sensing system provides a non-invasive way to analyze paralysis that does not rely on MRI scans.
1) Intelligence is defined as the ability to act appropriately in uncertain environments in order to achieve goals and succeed.
2) Natural intelligence evolved through natural selection to produce behaviors that increase survival and reproduction.
3) More intelligent individuals and groups are better able to sense their environment, make decisions, and take actions that provide biological advantages over less intelligent competitors.
This document discusses neuroinformatics, which combines neuroscience and information science. It provides an agenda for the topics to be covered, including an introduction to neuroinformatics, database development and management, an overview of neuroimaging techniques, computational neuroscience modeling, current research applications, and challenges. Single neuron modeling approaches like Hodgkin-Huxley and cable theory are explained. Current areas of research discussed are brain-gene ontology, human brain mapping atlases, and brain-computer interfaces.
Brain-inspired AI as a way to desired general intelligenceドワンゴ 人工知能研究所
Brain-inspired AI as a way to desired general intelligence
Hiroshi Yamakawa* Naoya Arakawa* Koichi Takahashi*
*Whole Brain Architecture Initiative
Presented at "Gatsby-Kakenhi Joint Workshop on AI and Neuroscience ", May 12, 2017
Abstract:
It is critical to give artificial intelligence (AI) a general purpose problem-solving ability, as artificial general intelligence (AGI) with such functionality will bring about unprecedented intelligence development by its self-improvement capability.
With the advent of deep learning, Moravec’s paradox began to be eliminated and the current AI is progressing in a bottom-up approach following the ways of phylogeny and ontogeny. However, it is still struggling with intuitive physics that can be grasped by less-than-year-old infants. From this viewpoint, the realization of AGI seems far away.
Meanwhile, from the viewpoint of AI drawing on the brain, the realization of AGI does not seem so far away, as brain functions have been partially realized with artificial neural networks (ANNs). For example, general object recognition with a convolutional neural network (CNN) can be used to model the visual temporal lobe pathway and the delayed reward calculation of reinforcement learning for the basal ganglia. Similar cases can be made for other organs such as the auditory cortex and cerebellum. Those functional models will be gradually integrated to the whole brain architecture with mesoscopic connectomic information.
As the realization of brain-inspired AGI becomes more realistic, we must have a broad perspective in research and development, for its impact on society will be extensive.
Even if AGI goes beyond our intelligence, it will be relatively easy to understand it if it operates on the same architecture as our brain. AGI based on the brain architecture will more likely be a common property of mankind, because the architecture can be agreed upon by many and be used in a widely shared development platform. Thus, in order to build AGI in harmony with human beings, it would be desirable to strengthen the cooperation between the neuroscientific community and AI community and to promote the open development of brain-inspired AI.
The document summarizes Inria's organizational changes in 2010 to prepare for future challenges. Key points:
1) Inria modernized management methods and financial procedures, updating IT systems.
2) Growth was focused on new centers in Bordeaux, Lille, and Saclay through increased own resources like contracts.
3) Inria aligned with the national research strategy, signing agreements with universities and CNRS on partnerships.
4) The Allistene alliance was set up to coordinate with other research organizations on priorities and ethics. Support for startups was reorganized.
5) Research activities are now organized into five major fields led by Deputy Scientific Directors for improved coordination.
The Fourth International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology (RSKT2009) will be held July 14-16, 2009 in Gold Coast, Australia. The conference aims to present state-of-the-art results in rough sets and knowledge technology, encourage academic and industrial interaction, and promote collaborative research worldwide. Full papers on topics related to rough sets, knowledge technology, computing, artificial intelligence, and their applications are due by December 1, 2008. Accepted papers will be published in a Springer Lecture Notes volume.
Knowledge Based Systems -Artificial Intelligence by Priti Srinivas Sajja S P...Priti Srinivas Sajja
Priti Srinivas Sajja is an Associate Professor working with Post Graduate Department of Computer Science, Sardar Patel University, India since 1994. She specializes in Artificial Intelligence especially in knowledge-based systems, soft computing and multiagent systems. She is co-author of Knowledge-Based Systems (2009) and Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications (2012).
She has 104 publications in books, book chapters, journals, and in the proceedings of national and international conferences. Three of her publications have won best research paper awards. Visit pritisajja.info for material.
A brief survey of approaches to using cognitive science artificial intelligence to achieve goals in both the cognitive science and artificial intelligence fields.
Ethical issues involved in hybrid bionic systemsKarlos Svoboda
1. The document summarizes a workshop on robo-ethics that discussed two case studies: the CYBERHAND project developing a prosthetic hand connected to the nervous system, and the NEUROBOTICS project investigating hybrid bionic systems.
2. The CYBERHAND project aims to develop a prosthetic hand that provides natural sensory feedback through stimulation of afferent nerves and is controlled naturally by processing efferent neural signals.
3. The CYBERHAND system includes a biomechatronic hand, biomimetic sensors, regeneration electrodes for connecting to nerves, an implantable system for neural stimulation and recording, and an external unit for decoding intentions and controlling the prosthesis.
Brain-controlled interfaces (BCIs) detect small changes in brain activity to provide a connection between the brain and external devices. BCIs can help restore functions like sight and movement for people with disabilities. They work by transmitting neural signals, which are differences in electric potential across neuron membranes. Current BCIs have information transfer rates up to 25 bits per minute. BCIs have applications in healthcare, education, gaming and the military. While promising, they also face challenges regarding accuracy, invasiveness and global access.
A brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a mind-machine interface (MMI), or sometimes called a direct neural interface (DNI), synthetic telepathy interface (STI) or a brain-machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device. BCIs are often directed at assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) under a grant from the National Science Foundation, followed by a contract from DARPA.[1][2] The papers published after this research also mark the first appearance of the expression brain-computer interface in scientific literature.The field of BCI research and development has since focused primarily on neuroprosthetics applications that aim at restoring damaged hearing, sight and movement. Thanks to the remarkable cortical plasticity of the brain, signals from implanted prostheses can, after adaptation, be handled by the brain like natural sensor or effector channels.[3] Following years of animal experimentation, the first neuroprosthetic devices implanted in humans appeared in the mid-1990s.
Artificial intelligence in mobile learningDinesh More
This document discusses the application of artificial intelligence in mobile learning. It first defines mobile learning and artificial intelligence, noting that mobile learning allows learning anywhere and anytime using mobile devices. It then discusses five problems in mobile learning that make applying artificial intelligence necessary. Finally, it provides examples of specific artificial intelligence applications in mobile learning, including mobile intelligent teaching expert systems, decision support systems, information retrieval engines, and intelligent hardware networks.
Priti Srinivas Sajja is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Sardar Patel University. The document discusses various topics in artificial intelligence including natural vs artificial intelligence, types of AI tests, applications of AI, knowledge representation in AI systems, bio-inspired computing approaches like artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, and swarm intelligence. It provides examples of different AI techniques and references for further reading.
1) Neuromarketing uses brain scanning techniques like fMRI and EEG to study consumers' unconscious emotional responses to advertising in real-time, providing insights beyond traditional self-reported measures.
2) While fMRI provides detailed brain activity maps, its high costs, cumbersome equipment, and artificial lab conditions limit its usefulness for neuromarketing. EEG offers a more affordable and portable method for recording brain activity in natural settings.
3) Combining EEG data with other research methods has the potential to enhance advertising effectiveness by gaining a deeper understanding of how consumers think, feel, and make decisions below the level of conscious awareness. However, inexperienced practitioners risk drawing false conclusions.
NeuroWeb Roadmap: Results of Foresight & Call for ActionPavel Luksha
Next 10 to 20 years will witness the coming of NeuroWeb – the next stage of communicational technologies, Internet 4.0 that involves our bodies and minds into the totality of communication by applying brain-computer and brain-brain interfaces supported by artificial intelligence & semantic technologies. Key technologies that precede NeuroWeb will be available before or around 2020.This presentation defines elements of the future architecture and promotes an international action
This lecture has been taken for teh AICTE sponsored workshop on web mining. It covers infromation retrieval, searching, meta search engine, focused search engine, web mining, agent based web, knowledge management on web, ontology management systems and wisom web.
1) Workforce projections for physician shortages and surpluses have often been inaccurate in the past.
2) Current projections of shortages could impact future medical professionals.
3) Several factors will influence the future of allopathic medicine, including lack of universal healthcare coverage, costs, demographics, regulatory burdens, and new technologies.
User Profiling of People with Disabilities - A Proposal to Pervasively Assess...Eloisa Vargiu
This document summarizes a talk on user profiling of people with disabilities given at ICAART 2013. The talk discussed (1) the BackHome project which aims to assist people with disabilities returning home, (2) how telemonitoring and home support systems can help users regain autonomy and facilitate quality of life assessments, and (3) the challenge of automating quality of life assessments by analyzing data from sensors and social interactions to infer a user's mobility, activities, pain levels, and health state. Future work involves testing prototypes and analyzing data to improve automated quality of life monitoring.
This document provides information about an Artificial Intelligence course. The key details are:
- The course is CSC 343, taught over 3 lecture hours and 2 lab hours
Some key points made in the document include:
- NeuroWeb will utilize emerging technologies like brain-computer interfaces, artificial intelligence, and semantic processing to allow new forms of direct communication between humans and with artificial agents.
- By 2025-2035, NeuroWeb technologies could transform human identity, intelligence, and social/economic systems through developments like shared emotions/experiences and augmented collective work.
- The document proposes forming an international working group to help guide research and development toward the emergence of commercially viable NeuroWeb technologies.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is exhibited by artificial entities and involves mechanisms that allow computers to perform tasks requiring intelligence. AI research aims to automate intelligent behavior and produce machines that can learn, reason, and solve problems. There are two main approaches to AI - conventional AI which uses symbolic and statistical methods like expert systems and neural networks, and computational intelligence which applies biologically inspired concepts like neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computation. AI is now used widely in fields like economics, medicine, engineering, and games. It works to simulate human intelligence through mechanisms like problem solving, learning, reasoning, perception and language understanding.
Week 12 neural basis of consciousness : frontiers in consciousness researchNao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What does IIT propose about qualia?
2) How can we characterize qualia structures?
3) What are the possible empirical experiments that can be used to reveal the relationship between qualia and brain?
4) What are societal impacts of consciousness research?
This paper discusses speculations about the future of brain-computer interfaces and related technologies. It outlines some key theoretical models, such as the distributed coding and plasticity principles, and how they could impact future applications. Some potential future applications discussed are using BCIs to restore neurological functions for those with medical conditions, and enabling direct brain-to-brain communication. However, the paper also notes uncertainties around timelines for such developments and potential hurdles like medical risks.
This document discusses the future of artificial cognitive systems. It outlines several key topics including the main cognitive processes, the role of tacit knowledge in cognition, progress made in building cognitive systems, and potential architectures for cognitive systems. The document also discusses using spike neural networks for perception in cognitive systems and research into artificial consciousness systems. It provides examples of organizations researching cognitive computing and predicts continued advances that will require collaboration across academia, government and industry.
1) Psychopaths have 11% less prefrontal volume than healthy subjects, suggesting reduced prefrontal cortex volume may be biologically linked to criminal behavior.
2) The document discusses several studies on brain size and structure across species, finding that brain size increases over hominid evolution were likely driven by ecological and social pressures selecting for increased cognitive abilities.
3) Brain design is adapted to solve particular cognitive problems influenced by a species' environment and social structure, as seen in specialized brain areas for spatial memory in monogamous versus polygamous voles.
The Fourth International Conference on Rough Sets and Knowledge Technology (RSKT2009) will be held July 14-16, 2009 in Gold Coast, Australia. The conference aims to present state-of-the-art results in rough sets and knowledge technology, encourage academic and industrial interaction, and promote collaborative research worldwide. Full papers on topics related to rough sets, knowledge technology, computing, artificial intelligence, and their applications are due by December 1, 2008. Accepted papers will be published in a Springer Lecture Notes volume.
Knowledge Based Systems -Artificial Intelligence by Priti Srinivas Sajja S P...Priti Srinivas Sajja
Priti Srinivas Sajja is an Associate Professor working with Post Graduate Department of Computer Science, Sardar Patel University, India since 1994. She specializes in Artificial Intelligence especially in knowledge-based systems, soft computing and multiagent systems. She is co-author of Knowledge-Based Systems (2009) and Intelligent Technologies for Web Applications (2012).
She has 104 publications in books, book chapters, journals, and in the proceedings of national and international conferences. Three of her publications have won best research paper awards. Visit pritisajja.info for material.
A brief survey of approaches to using cognitive science artificial intelligence to achieve goals in both the cognitive science and artificial intelligence fields.
Ethical issues involved in hybrid bionic systemsKarlos Svoboda
1. The document summarizes a workshop on robo-ethics that discussed two case studies: the CYBERHAND project developing a prosthetic hand connected to the nervous system, and the NEUROBOTICS project investigating hybrid bionic systems.
2. The CYBERHAND project aims to develop a prosthetic hand that provides natural sensory feedback through stimulation of afferent nerves and is controlled naturally by processing efferent neural signals.
3. The CYBERHAND system includes a biomechatronic hand, biomimetic sensors, regeneration electrodes for connecting to nerves, an implantable system for neural stimulation and recording, and an external unit for decoding intentions and controlling the prosthesis.
Brain-controlled interfaces (BCIs) detect small changes in brain activity to provide a connection between the brain and external devices. BCIs can help restore functions like sight and movement for people with disabilities. They work by transmitting neural signals, which are differences in electric potential across neuron membranes. Current BCIs have information transfer rates up to 25 bits per minute. BCIs have applications in healthcare, education, gaming and the military. While promising, they also face challenges regarding accuracy, invasiveness and global access.
A brain-computer interface (BCI), sometimes called a mind-machine interface (MMI), or sometimes called a direct neural interface (DNI), synthetic telepathy interface (STI) or a brain-machine interface (BMI), is a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device. BCIs are often directed at assisting, augmenting, or repairing human cognitive or sensory-motor functions.Research on BCIs began in the 1970s at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) under a grant from the National Science Foundation, followed by a contract from DARPA.[1][2] The papers published after this research also mark the first appearance of the expression brain-computer interface in scientific literature.The field of BCI research and development has since focused primarily on neuroprosthetics applications that aim at restoring damaged hearing, sight and movement. Thanks to the remarkable cortical plasticity of the brain, signals from implanted prostheses can, after adaptation, be handled by the brain like natural sensor or effector channels.[3] Following years of animal experimentation, the first neuroprosthetic devices implanted in humans appeared in the mid-1990s.
Artificial intelligence in mobile learningDinesh More
This document discusses the application of artificial intelligence in mobile learning. It first defines mobile learning and artificial intelligence, noting that mobile learning allows learning anywhere and anytime using mobile devices. It then discusses five problems in mobile learning that make applying artificial intelligence necessary. Finally, it provides examples of specific artificial intelligence applications in mobile learning, including mobile intelligent teaching expert systems, decision support systems, information retrieval engines, and intelligent hardware networks.
Priti Srinivas Sajja is an Associate Professor in the Department of Computer Science at Sardar Patel University. The document discusses various topics in artificial intelligence including natural vs artificial intelligence, types of AI tests, applications of AI, knowledge representation in AI systems, bio-inspired computing approaches like artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms, and swarm intelligence. It provides examples of different AI techniques and references for further reading.
1) Neuromarketing uses brain scanning techniques like fMRI and EEG to study consumers' unconscious emotional responses to advertising in real-time, providing insights beyond traditional self-reported measures.
2) While fMRI provides detailed brain activity maps, its high costs, cumbersome equipment, and artificial lab conditions limit its usefulness for neuromarketing. EEG offers a more affordable and portable method for recording brain activity in natural settings.
3) Combining EEG data with other research methods has the potential to enhance advertising effectiveness by gaining a deeper understanding of how consumers think, feel, and make decisions below the level of conscious awareness. However, inexperienced practitioners risk drawing false conclusions.
NeuroWeb Roadmap: Results of Foresight & Call for ActionPavel Luksha
Next 10 to 20 years will witness the coming of NeuroWeb – the next stage of communicational technologies, Internet 4.0 that involves our bodies and minds into the totality of communication by applying brain-computer and brain-brain interfaces supported by artificial intelligence & semantic technologies. Key technologies that precede NeuroWeb will be available before or around 2020.This presentation defines elements of the future architecture and promotes an international action
This lecture has been taken for teh AICTE sponsored workshop on web mining. It covers infromation retrieval, searching, meta search engine, focused search engine, web mining, agent based web, knowledge management on web, ontology management systems and wisom web.
1) Workforce projections for physician shortages and surpluses have often been inaccurate in the past.
2) Current projections of shortages could impact future medical professionals.
3) Several factors will influence the future of allopathic medicine, including lack of universal healthcare coverage, costs, demographics, regulatory burdens, and new technologies.
User Profiling of People with Disabilities - A Proposal to Pervasively Assess...Eloisa Vargiu
This document summarizes a talk on user profiling of people with disabilities given at ICAART 2013. The talk discussed (1) the BackHome project which aims to assist people with disabilities returning home, (2) how telemonitoring and home support systems can help users regain autonomy and facilitate quality of life assessments, and (3) the challenge of automating quality of life assessments by analyzing data from sensors and social interactions to infer a user's mobility, activities, pain levels, and health state. Future work involves testing prototypes and analyzing data to improve automated quality of life monitoring.
This document provides information about an Artificial Intelligence course. The key details are:
- The course is CSC 343, taught over 3 lecture hours and 2 lab hours
Some key points made in the document include:
- NeuroWeb will utilize emerging technologies like brain-computer interfaces, artificial intelligence, and semantic processing to allow new forms of direct communication between humans and with artificial agents.
- By 2025-2035, NeuroWeb technologies could transform human identity, intelligence, and social/economic systems through developments like shared emotions/experiences and augmented collective work.
- The document proposes forming an international working group to help guide research and development toward the emergence of commercially viable NeuroWeb technologies.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is exhibited by artificial entities and involves mechanisms that allow computers to perform tasks requiring intelligence. AI research aims to automate intelligent behavior and produce machines that can learn, reason, and solve problems. There are two main approaches to AI - conventional AI which uses symbolic and statistical methods like expert systems and neural networks, and computational intelligence which applies biologically inspired concepts like neural networks, fuzzy systems, and evolutionary computation. AI is now used widely in fields like economics, medicine, engineering, and games. It works to simulate human intelligence through mechanisms like problem solving, learning, reasoning, perception and language understanding.
Week 12 neural basis of consciousness : frontiers in consciousness researchNao (Naotsugu) Tsuchiya
12-week lecture series on "the neural basis of consciousness" by Prof Nao Tsuchiya.
Given to 3rd year undergraduate level. No prerequisites.
Contents:
1) What does IIT propose about qualia?
2) How can we characterize qualia structures?
3) What are the possible empirical experiments that can be used to reveal the relationship between qualia and brain?
4) What are societal impacts of consciousness research?
This paper discusses speculations about the future of brain-computer interfaces and related technologies. It outlines some key theoretical models, such as the distributed coding and plasticity principles, and how they could impact future applications. Some potential future applications discussed are using BCIs to restore neurological functions for those with medical conditions, and enabling direct brain-to-brain communication. However, the paper also notes uncertainties around timelines for such developments and potential hurdles like medical risks.
This document discusses the future of artificial cognitive systems. It outlines several key topics including the main cognitive processes, the role of tacit knowledge in cognition, progress made in building cognitive systems, and potential architectures for cognitive systems. The document also discusses using spike neural networks for perception in cognitive systems and research into artificial consciousness systems. It provides examples of organizations researching cognitive computing and predicts continued advances that will require collaboration across academia, government and industry.
1) Psychopaths have 11% less prefrontal volume than healthy subjects, suggesting reduced prefrontal cortex volume may be biologically linked to criminal behavior.
2) The document discusses several studies on brain size and structure across species, finding that brain size increases over hominid evolution were likely driven by ecological and social pressures selecting for increased cognitive abilities.
3) Brain design is adapted to solve particular cognitive problems influenced by a species' environment and social structure, as seen in specialized brain areas for spatial memory in monogamous versus polygamous voles.
The document discusses horizon scanning, which involves systematically searching for potential issues that could have a high impact on important matters. It compares horizon scanning processes in the UK, Netherlands, and Denmark. While the aims and methods differ slightly, there is a large overlap in the issues identified. Horizon scanning can feed into policymaking and research agendas but challenges include prioritizing issues and connecting to other scans. The document argues that horizon scanning should involve democratic, participatory processes to better serve knowledge democracy and governance.
The document summarizes the objectives and activities of the SESTI project, which is funded by the European Commission to research methods for identifying emerging science and technology issues. The project aims to assess scanning tools and methods for early warnings and explore ways to connect scanning results to the policymaking community. SESTI focuses on healthcare, energy, and other sectors, examining organizational changes, science/technology developments, and public perceptions. It defines "wild cards" as surprising events that could significantly impact the future and discusses identifying and analyzing potential wild cards through published narratives and discussion of them.
Sesti project: Global Sustainable Energy optionsVictor Van Rij
This presentation gives the result of the emerging issues analysis of the SESTI project on the energy domain in 2010. It provides the questions around 5 of the less well known future sustainable options/risks that were discussed in the project. The topics that were addressed are still worth while to review today.
These topics were :
1. Enhancement of the photosynthetic cycle on global scale to provide all food, energy and maintain biodiversity (briefly biomimics)
2. Use of desert areas for gaining solar energy (the DESERTEC scheme)
3. Hybrid nuclear fission-fusion to speed up nuclear fusion
4. The unknown risks of going deeper and further for energy mining
5. The unknown risks of and hydrogen leaking economy
Future of education: Learning and teaching in an ICT revolutionising worldVictor Van Rij
The document discusses the need for visionary policies and teaching approaches to prepare society for an increasingly technology-driven world. It summarizes that previous communication revolutions transformed society and education needs. To thrive in today's ICT revolution, students must learn digital literacy, collaboration, and continuous skills updating. However, not all will achieve these competencies without support. Teachers require training and schools need equipment upgrades. Curricula must incorporate fast-changing ICT skills. Significant investments are needed from governments and industry to implement new education strategies and technologies.
This is A Dutch presentation arguing that the concept of "life expectancy" is rather covering up the fact that mortality chance is sharp increasing after certain ages and moreover very dependent on education level and sex. If wanted I can translate the presentation to English
Who needs a teacher in the 21st century Higher Education?Victor Van Rij
Presentation to the 2014 , UNESCO, IITE conference held from 14-15 October in Moscow, New challenges for Pedagogy and Quality of Education, MOOCs, Clouds and Mobiles
Responsibility of universities. Future of university social (sustainable) re...Victor Van Rij
Keynote speech for the International Conference for the Management of Educational Quality within the University Social Responsibility. 21st of September 2016, Merida, Mexico
Plea is made to use the principles of coorporate governance to lead the transformation process of Universities towards Social Responsibility that takes into account general ethical values , as well as the duty to work with and for society towards sustainability.
Victor Van Rij Ircg Wildcards24 10presentation Abu D Abi[1]Victor Van Rij
The document discusses horizon scanning and wild cards as tools for shaping desirable futures and preparing for potential shocks and disruptions. It defines wild cards as low-probability but high-impact events that could significantly alter society and the future course of events. Both naturally-caused and human-caused wild cards are examined, with the latter being influenced by ideas, communication, and the potential for self-fulfilling prophecies. The value of wild card identification is discussed as a way to increase policy resilience and monitor early signals of disruptive changes. However, human-caused wild cards also pose risks if used to propagate undesirable narratives. Careful analysis of motivations and cultural contexts is needed when horizon scanning for potential wild cards.
21st Century Higher Education foresight 25 march 2015 [Autosaved]Victor Van Rij
The document provides an analysis of perspectives from future studies on the relationship between information and communication technologies (ICT) and higher education. It discusses several main trends, including:
1) Societal trends like increased mobility and younger generations learning differently will impact higher education.
2) Technological trends like ubiquitous internet access, massive open online courses, and augmented reality will provide new opportunities for learning.
3) Economic trends like rising youth unemployment and need for ICT skills will shape higher education systems and business models.
4) Environmental trends like addressing global challenges will require innovative thinking from higher education.
5) Policy trends around issues like privatization, enrollment goals, and digital literacy standards will influence higher education
Sesti workshop-cognitive enhancement futuresVictor Van Rij
This document summarizes a workshop on cognitive enhancement that discussed: the hopes and fears around future human evolution with cognitive enhancement; levels of enhancement from temporary aids to enhancing basic abilities; main motives for cognitive enhancement including individual and societal benefits; and main pathways for enhancement including social/psychological, biological, and tools. It analyzed weak signals around the progress of developments in pathways, identifying emerging ethical issues especially around neuro-reading, implants, enhancement drugs, genetic screening and IVF, and commercial interests.
Research Frontier: Cognitive Performance GenomicsMelanie Swan
Research Frontier: Cognitive Performance Genomics
New category in personal genomics research
Working with the brain: virtually all cognitive performance and mental health issues are a question of awareness of state or behavior
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1. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
SESTI Workshop on
Cognitive Enhancement
[Weak signals in Cognitive
Enhancement]
Victor van Rij
Ministry of Education, Culture and Science
Netherlands
07-06-2010
The SESTI project is funded under the European FP7 and researches the application of weak
signals and emerging issues for improving the anticipatory intelligence of the European
Commission and the EU Member States on future developments and issues
2. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
2
Outline
• Cognitive Enhancement & Human evolution
• Future evolution (desire, hope and fear)
• Levels of enhancement (temporarily aid and
enhancing the basics)
• Motives for CE
• Pathways for CE
• Weak signals monitoring the progress towards the
fears and hopes
• Some analysis of results
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
3. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
3
Cognitive enhancement & human
evolution – past and present
• Cognitive Genes (nature) , Richardson and Boyd
• Social learning (culture) , Corbelis
• The use of language and tools (education) , Gibson
and Ingold)
• Communicating knowledge and ways of thinking
over generations by drawing, writing, printing,
video etc)
• Computers , internet (language, visuals , oral
presentation, computing , translating)
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
4. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
4
Cognitive enhancement- future
evolution
• Hopes and desires ; threats and fears
• Hopes : 1. Heal or prevent cognitive impairment 2. Make
perfect humans : Trans – humanism (Kurzweil, Warwick,
Bostrom, Pearson) humans direct connected with
computers, machines and extra sensory systems etc –
genetic modification of human – border between humans
and machines will disappear
• Fears: 1. Brave new world see : Brave new Worlds –
Appleyard – 2. Eugenetics, risks of self selection –
imperfect choices etc Human Genetics Alert, David King –,
3. Loosing human feelings: What computers can’t do,
Dreyfuss
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
5. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
5
Cognitive enhancement- future
evolution (1)
Seeing by sound
or Artificial retina
Additional memory
Superintelligent cyborg
superconnected
with infrared vision
Reading minds to control machines
Healing Parkinson
& Alzheimer???
by deep brain stimulation
Mind controlled humans
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
6. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
6
Cognitive enhancement- future
evolution (2)
In Vitro Fertilisation
By the use of retinal
stemcells
Gene therapy Super Humans
Genetic Screening
Functional analysis of
cognitive genes
Medicines for restoration of
Developmental shortcomings
Imperfect
knowledge
Eugenics
Commercial use
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
7. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
7
Cognitive enhancement- future
evolution (3)
Smart drugs?
Educational , social, psychological , chemical,
physical and nutrional optimalisation
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
8. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
8
Levels of enhancement
• Improve performance of Cognitive - task
performance (using tools as books, pc, internet
etc , drugs , tea ??)
• Improve Cognitive development of an individual
(right nutrients, proper education, culture)
• Improve Cognitive development of population
(educational system, supply of infrastructure -
internet)
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
9. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
9
Main motives for enhancement
• Individual level, being smart pays better , being smart
helps you to find solutions in complex problems , increases
your chance on survival and success
• Parents usually would like to have smart children for that
reason
• Population level , CE of population stands for economic
growth , capacity to resolve challenges of country and of
individuals (staying longer healthy) etc
• Fighting cognitive impairment and deterioration of
cognitive capacities
• Commercial market for CE
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
10. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
1
0
Main pathways for enhancement
• Social, psychological : socio economic
environment , attention, education, peer
influence NLP etc
• Biological : physical environment (light, sound ) ,
chemical environment (food, pollution,
developmental drugs etc), genetics
• Tools : learning material, PC, internet, smart
interfaces , smart drugs, implants etc
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
11. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
1
1
Search for weak signals (ratio)
Are there signals that give information on:
• The direction of developments in the different
pathways (towards fears or hopes)
• The speed of these developments
• Possible responses in society and politics
• Emerging policy issues that need to be addressed
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
12. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
1
2
Search for weak signals (results 1)
40 exemplary signals gathered:
• Mainly on S&T developments (90 %)
• Majority on biological pathways (16) and tools
(15)
• Minority on social and psychological (6) and on
responses in society (4)
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
13. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
1
3
Analysis (1)
Most eminent (close by) ethical and legal issues:
• Neuro- reading (legal issues)
• The use of neural implants (reading and unconscious influencing)
• Cognitive performance enhancing with drugs (inequality, health risks etc)
• Genetic screening of Cognitive genes and In Vitro Fertilization (Eugenics, new
problem in use of animals , the human- zoo hybrid)
• Drugs influencing the neuro- cognitive development
• Commercial interest
• Knowledge from healing and preventing cognitive impairment may also be
used for (costly) developmental and performance Cognitive Enhancement of
individuals (with problems on the insurance border and further widening of
social, economic divide)
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
14. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
1
4
Analysis (2)
Public priorities in Cognitive Enhancement
• No studies available on expected cost benefits of different pathways
for general CE , despite proven success of social/psychological
pathway and bio-environmental pathway – both contain still
unknowns (example: smart food and embryonal development)
• Most attention (signals) seem to be related to Enhancing Cognitive
Performance of tasks in stead of development of Cognitive Enhanced
Development
• Choice in research on healing, preventing cognitive impairment
(following nature or use of artificial devices)
• `Promising tools for education (augmented reality, virtual reality and
gaming)
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010
15. Scanning for emerging science and
technology issues
Project funded under the Socio-
economic Sciences and Humanities
1
5
Conclusions on the use of weak signals
for an established issue/topic as CE
• Cognitive enhancement is a topic that already had some attention in
the Technology Assessment arena therefore motives , objectives and
objections as well as pathways of CE are more or less clear
• + Our brief weak signals search has focused on the achievement of
success in the direction of the motives and objections in the different
pathways and points to developments that need more urgent policy
attention
• + Due to the TA attention more soft scientific ways (psycho,
sociological, environmental) for CE may slip out of our attention, and
our prioritisation without proper analysis of their comparative value to
more hard pathways. Through weak signal search we may explicit this
kind of gaps.
• - the focus of our search was scientific development, although an
attempt has been made to look to economical and societal signals we
need to improve our search for these kind of signals
• For more unkown topics it is clear that a pre-study is needed to
explicit the motives, objectives and objections before these kind of
weak signals can be identified
Weak signals in cognitive enhancement : 7/6/2010