The document discusses verbals, which are verb forms that function as other parts of speech. It focuses on participles and participial phrases. Participles can be present or past tense and function as adjectives, describing nouns. Participial phrases consist of a participle and any modifiers or objects, acting as a unit to describe a noun. Examples are provided of participles and participial phrases.

1. Verbals: Participles and Participial Phrases Mrs. Hamilton, Summer 2008 10 th Literature/Composition

2. Verbals Verbals are formed from verbs. They may express action. They may have modifiers (adjectives and adverbs). They may be followed by complements such as direct objects, indirect objects, predicate nominatives, and predicate adjectives.

3. More on Verbals However, verbals ARE NOT USED AS VERBS!!! They ARE used as: nouns adjectives adverbs

4. Participles A participle is a verb form used as an adjective . Examples: The rapidly developing storm kept small boats in port. The pleased student smiled at the teacher.

5. Present Participles Present participles are formed by adding –ing to the plain form of the verb. Example: The laughing student grinned like a possum.

6. Past Participles Past participles are formed by adding either – ed, -d-, -t, -en, or –n to the plain form of the verb. Others may be formed as irregular verbs. Ellie, my dachshund, had a bewildered look on her face when the water from the nozzle in her bathtub suddenly turned cold.

7. Participial Phrases A participial phrase consists of a participle and any complements or modifiers it may have. The phrase may be modified by adjective phrase or by an adverb phrase. The entire participial phrase acts as an adjective. Cooking with great skill and finesse , Emeril Lagasse amazed the audience with his culinary talents and bubbly personality. Explanation: “Cooking with great skill and finesse” describes the proper noun, “Emeril Lagasse.”

8. Tips and Tricks Participles may be past tense verbs or present tense verbs. Find the main verb of the sentence first. Cross out prepositional phrases. Find the subject. Now look for single participles or entire participial phrases. Remember: participles act as adjectives. They describe nouns or pronouns. “ What kind?” “Which one?” “How many?” “Whose?

9. Practice Problems The train arriving on track 10 is an hour late. A first-edition book signed by the author may become valuable. The girl nauseated and weakened by the virus is Stephanie.

10. Practice Problems Matt, exhausted from the practice EOCT tests, collapsed as he entered Room 603 this evening. Gobbling his French fries and gulping his milkshake, L.J. finished his dinner before we began taking notes tonight. Smitten by the lovebug, April decided to create an original Valentine’s gift for her boyfriend.

11. Practice Problems Barking loudly and shaking their toys, the dachshunds greeted Mrs. Hamilton when she arrived home from night school. Mandy is the girl passing out the programs. All the seafood cooked in that restaurant is fried.