Greek Tragedy Notes
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The chorus in the Greek tragedy represents the old men of Thebes. They react and comment on the action through singing and dancing between scenes. They provide opinions and speak for the common people. Hybris refers to excessive pride that leads to foolish acts, including physical or verbal assaults that cause shame. Oracles allowed Greeks to consult the gods' will through holy sites and chosen intermediaries. Pollution resulted from acts like murder and incest that violated laws, requiring ritual cleansing for individuals, locations, and anyone associated with the offender to restore order. Catharsis described the purging of strong emotions experienced while watching tragedy, providing a cleansing effect.
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Greek dramas were performed in theaters carved into hillsides to honor Dionysus, god of wine. Myths featured the capricious Greek gods interacting with and affecting humans. The most famous Greek tragedies are Sophocles' Theban plays about the cursed family of Oedipus. They deal with themes of fate, free will, hubris, and the unintended consequences of actions. According to Aristotle, tragedy elicits pity and fear in the audience by showing a character fall from prosperity due to a tragic flaw.
Hum2220 the divine madness dionysus & greek theatre
Dionysus was the Greek god of wine, fertility, madness and theatre. He was the son of Zeus and Semele. His worship involved ecstatic rituals that could lead to madness. This helped inspire the origins of Greek theatre in religious festivals and competitions held annually in Dionysus' honor. The competitions included tragedies, comedies and dithyrambs. Major Greek playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides wrote plays in these genres that were performed in the festivals and helped develop Greek theatre.
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The document provides background information on ancient Greek tragedy, including its origins in religious festivals honoring Dionysus, the development of drama with the addition of actors, and the works of great tragedians like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. It also summarizes Aristotle's definition of tragedy as involving a noble hero's downfall due to a tragic flaw, and discusses key elements of Greek tragedies like the chorus, masks, themes of fate versus free will, and the purpose of catharsis.
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Greek drama
The document summarizes key details about Greek theatre and drama, including festivals held to honor Dionysus, elements of performances, and important playwrights like Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Major festivals included the City Dionysia in March, where new tragedies were presented. Plays involved a chorus of 50 men and up to 3 actors, addressing themes of human suffering, divine justice, and the flaws that can lead to a hero's downfall.
‘Theurgism’ in the Fictional World of William Golding
‘Theurgism’ in the Fictional World of William GoldingNational Institute of Technology, Hamirpur,India
1. The document discusses the concept of "theurgy" and its portrayal in the fictional works of William Golding. Theurgy involves cleansing oneself to establish a foundation for higher philosophical contemplation and connecting with divine beings.
2. Golding's novels show the regression of society in a godless world but also point to individual transformation as a path forward. His characters face extreme situations that force self-examination and spiritual growth.
3. Through symbolic elements and opposing forces, Golding's novels move readers from loss to corruption to examine human depravity but also the original purity within each person once superficial influences are removed.History of drama
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of Greek drama. It discusses how drama evolved from religious rituals honoring Dionysus, involving dancing and chanting. Over time, elements were added, including an actor interacting with the chorus (Thespis) and the introduction of props and scenes (Aeschylus). Athens became the center of dramatic competitions between 600-200 BC, producing the great tragedians such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Their tragedies dealt with human arrogance and fate, and were intended to provide moral lessons and catharsis. Comedy also evolved, represented by playwrights like Aristophanes and later Menander during the period
History of drama.
The document provides an overview of the origins and development of Greek drama. It discusses how drama evolved from religious rituals honoring Dionysus, involving dancing, music and chanting. Over time, elements were added including an actor interacting with the chorus (Thespis) and the introduction of props and scenes (Aeschylus). Athens became the center of dramatic competitions between 600-200 BC, producing the great tragedians such as Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Their tragedies used dramatic form and themes of hubris to teach moral and spiritual lessons. Comedy also evolved, represented by playwrights like Aristophanes and later Menander during the period of New Comedy.
Homer and deathb
Homer's epics, the Iliad and the Odyssey, provide some of the earliest conceptions of death and the afterlife from ancient Greek culture. Through these works, Homer describes ideas that were inherited from oral traditions, including shadows in Hades, the soul departing the body at death, and the possibility of reincarnation. In the epics, Homer expands on these notions by introducing Hades as an actual place inhabited by ghosts, and suggesting some individuals like heroes may have a different existence after death. The works also establish early Greek beliefs about the importance of burial rites and provide some of the first depictions of the underworld and ideas about rewards or punishments that may await individuals after death.
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