Appositive phrases
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The document discusses appositive phrases. It defines appositives as phrases that rename or provide additional information about a noun without a subject and verb. There are two types: essential appositives, which provide necessary information, and nonessential appositives, which provide unnecessary additional information. The document provides examples to illustrate how to identify each type and whether commas should be used.
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1Unit ILesson 6 Grammar and StyleAdjectives and Adverbs.docx
1
Unit I
Lesson 6: Grammar and Style
Adjectives and Adverbs
Adjectives
Adjectives are modifiers: Modifiers include words, phrases, and clauses.
Adjectives modify or say something about a noun or a pronoun. Adjectives can tell what color, how many, how big or small, in fact just about anything about the words they modify.
There are several very specific things about adjectives that we have to be aware of as we write and speak:
1. One common error in slang, low diction, and conversational English is to misuse an adjective to modify another adjective.
For example:
He is real tall.
Here the word real is an adjective, but it cannot modify another adjective, tall.
The correct form would be, “He is really tall.” In this case, really, an adverb, can modify the adjective tall.
Another example:
Yesterday I was real sick the whole time at school
Here real attempts to modify the adjective sick. As above, an adjective can never modify another adjective.
The correct form would be, “Yesterday I was really sick the whole time at school.”
2. Adjectives conform to particular and traditional positions, in English usually immediately before what they modify.
Most of the time, adjectives come directly in front of the word they are modifying.
For example:
She drove a new pink Mercedes.
The hot, roaring fire engulfed the house.
In both cases here, there are two adjectives in front of the words they modify.
Another common position for the adjective is at the end of the sentence. This common structure takes the form of subject + linking verb + adjective. Many of these structures, as you will see, are common everyday expressions.
For example:
The quarterback for the opposing team is extremely tall.
Here the adjective tall modifies the subject of the sentence, quarterback.
Sharks in these waters have been known to be very aggressive.
Here the adjective aggressive modifies the subject, sharks.
Food in this part of New Orleans is generally accepted to be very expensive.
Here the adjective expensive modifies the subject, food.
3. Adjectives also normally appear in three different forms, depending on what they are modifying and the context. These are called the positive, what you might call the normal or typical form of the adjective; the comparative, used when you are comparing two items; and the superlative, used when you are comparing one item to three or more other similar items.
For example:
Positive Comparative Superlative
fast faster fastest
good better best
smooth smoother smoothest
Note that adjectives of multiple syllables have to use more and most to make their comparative and superlative forms:
Positive Comparative Superlative
Redolent more redolent most redolent
Note that you could not say redolenter or redolentest.
Fragrant more fragrant most fragrant
Again, there are no such words as fragranter or fragrantest.
Also note that you cannot mix the two forms—that is, add more or most to a form that is made by ...
Comon proper nouns
The document discusses two types of nouns: common nouns and proper nouns. Common nouns are not capitalized and refer to persons, places or things in general. Proper nouns are capitalized and refer to specific persons, places or things. The document provides examples of common and proper nouns and tests the reader to identify which type of noun is used in sample sentences. It also has the reader practice writing sentences correctly using capitalization rules for proper nouns.
T3
The document defines and describes adjective phrases. It begins by explaining that an adjective phrase is a group of words that serves to describe a noun or pronoun, functioning like an adjective. It then provides tips for identifying adjective phrases based on the first word. Adjective phrases can be made of an intensifier and adjective or multiple adjectives. They can modify nouns or pronouns. The document also distinguishes adjective phrases from adjectival phrases and provides many examples of adjective phrases in sentences.
T3
The document defines and describes adjective phrases. It begins by explaining that an adjective phrase is a group of words that serves to describe a noun or pronoun, functioning like an adjective. It then provides tips for identifying adjective phrases based on the first word. An adjective phrase can be made of an intensifier and adjective or multiple adjectives. The document offers examples of adjective phrases modifying nouns and pronouns. It also distinguishes adjective phrases from adjectival phrases, which may not contain an actual adjective. In conclusion, the document demonstrates how adjective phrases add descriptive power to writing through multiple examples.
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The document provides an overview of rhetorical devices used in speech writing such as parallelism, antithesis, anaphora, and parenthesis. It analyzes speeches by Winston Churchill, Martin Luther King Jr., and Barack Obama, identifying their use of techniques like pronouns, modal verbs, repetition, and metaphor to make their arguments persuasive. Students are then asked to write a speech using rhetorical devices and comment on their own writing.
English Grammar Adjective clause
The document provides information on adjective clauses, including defining relative pronouns, restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses, and reducing adjective clauses. It defines relative pronouns and gives examples of sentences containing adjective clauses introduced by relative pronouns. It explains the difference between restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses and provides examples. It also outlines the rules and steps for reducing adjective clauses, including changing the verb form and omitting unnecessary words, and provides sample reductions.
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This document provides a lesson on pronouns. It begins by giving examples of pronouns and their uses. It then describes the eight types of pronouns: personal, indefinite, demonstrative, interrogative, relative, reflexive, intensive, and reciprocal. For each type, it provides the definitions and examples. It discusses topics like pronoun selection, gender specificity, and punctuation rules for different types of pronouns.
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