In our World of today, the quest to get rich at all cost without working for our money has led some of our youth into crimes such as robbery and kidnapping. As a result of this and by the sheer fact that vehicles are now very expensive to buy these days, there is a need for people to safeguard their vehicles against these hoodlums to avoid loss of their precious Assets to these rampaging criminals. Tracking is technology that is used by many companies and individuals to track a vehicle, an individual or an asset by using many ways like GPS that operates using satellites and ground-based stations or by using our approach which depends on the cellular mobile towers. Vehicle tracking system is a system that can be used in monitoring and locating a vehicle, avoid theft or recover a stolen vehicle, for monitoring of vehicle routes to ensure strict compliance to an already defined vehicle routes, monitor driver’s behavior, predict bus arrival as well as for fleet management. Internet of things has made it very possible to devices to inter communicate amongst themselves and exchange information, helping in acquiring and analyzing information faster that we used to know in the past and this has helped more especially in vehicle monitoring to ensure that vehicle owners feel safe about their investments without fearing about their loss. In this paper, we propose a vehicle monitoring system based on IOT technology, using 4G/LTE to get the get the coordinate, speed, and overall condition of the vehicle, process and send to a remote server to be analyzed and used in locating the vehicle and monitor its other configured parameters. This is realized using Raspberry pi, 4G/LTE, GPS, Accelerometer and other sensors with communicate amongst themselves to get the environmental parameters which is processed and sent to a remote server where it is analyzed and represented on a map to locate the vehicle and monitor the other set parameters. 4G/LTE provides fast internet connectivity with overcomes the usual delay usually experienced in sending the acquired signals to be processed. The True Vehicle position is represented using google geolocation service and the actual position triangulated in real-time.
There has been over the past few years, a very increased popularity for yoga. A lot of literatures have been published that claim yoga to be beneficial in improving the overall lifestyle and health especially in rehabilitation, mental health and more. Considering the fast-paced lives that individuals live, people usually prefer to exercise or work-out from the comfort of their homes and with that a need for an instructor arises. Hence why, we have developed a self-assisted system which can be used to detect and classify yoga asanas, which is discussed in-depth in this paper. Especially now when the pandemic has taken over the world, it is not feasible to attend physical classes or have an instructor over. Using the technology of Computer Vision, a computer-assisted system such as the one discussed, comes in very handy. The technologies such as ml5.js, PoseNet and Neural Networks are made use for the human pose estimation and classification. The proposed system uses the above-mentioned technologies to take in a real-time video input and analyze the pose of an individual, and classifies the poses into yoga asanas. It also displays the name of the yoga asana that is detected along with the confidence score.
MOTION PREDICTION USING DEPTH INFORMATION OF HUMAN ARM BASED ON ALEXNETgerogepatton
The development of convolutional neural networks(CNN) has provided a new tool to make classification and prediction of human's body motion. This project tends to predict the drop point of a ball thrown out by experimenters by classifying the motion of their body in the process of throwing. Kinect sensor v2 is used to record depth maps and the drop points are recorded by a square infrared induction module. Firstly, convolutional neural networks are made use of to put the data obtained from depth maps in and get the prediction of drop point according to experimenters' motion. Secondly, huge amount of data is used to trainthe networks of different structure, and a network structure that could provide high enough accuracy for drop point prediction is established. The network model and parameters are modified to improve the accuracy of the prediction algorithm. Finally, the experimental data is divided into a training group and a test group. The prediction results of test group reflect that the prediction algorithm effectively improves the accuracy of human motion perception.
Human motion is fundamental to understanding behaviour. In spite of advancement on single image 3 Dimensional pose and estimation of shapes, current video-based state of the art methods unsuccessful to produce precise and motion of natural sequences due to inefficiency of ground-truth 3 Dimensional motion data for training. Recognition of Human action for programmed video surveillance applications is an interesting but forbidding task especially if the videos are captured in an unpleasant lighting environment. It is a Spatial-temporal feature-based correlation filter, for concurrent observation and identification of numerous human actions in a little-light environment. Estimated the presentation of a proposed filter with immense experimentation on night-time action datasets. Tentative results demonstrate the potency of the merging schemes for vigorous action recognition in a significantly low light environment.
TRANSFER LEARNING WITH CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR IRIS RECOGNITIONijaia
Iris is one of the common biometrics used for identity authentication. It has the potential to recognize persons with a high degree of assurance. Extracting effective features is the most important stage in the iris recognition system. Different features have been used to perform iris recognition system. A lot of them are based on hand-crafted features designed by biometrics experts. According to the achievement of deep learning in object recognition problems, the features learned by the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have gained great attention to be used in the iris recognition system. In this paper, we proposed an effective iris recognition system by using transfer learning with Convolutional Neural Networks. The proposed system is implemented by fine-tuning a pre-trained convolutional neural network (VGG-16) for features extracting and classification. The performance of the iris recognition system is tested on four public databases IITD, iris databases CASIA-Iris-V1, CASIA-Iris-thousand and, CASIA-Iris-Interval. The results show that the proposed system is achieved a very high accuracy rate.
Proposed Multi-object Tracking Algorithm Using Sobel Edge Detection operatorQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Tracking of moving objects that is called video tracking is used for measuring motion parameters and obtaining a visual record of the moving objects, it is an important area of application in image processing. In general there are two different approaches to obtain object tracking: the first is Recognition-based Tracking, and the second is the Motion-based Tracking. Video tracking system raises a wide possibility in today’s society. This system is used in various applications such as military, security, monitoring, robotic, and nowadays in dayto-day applications. However the video tracking systems still have many open problems and various research activities in a video tracking system are explores. This paper presents an algorithm for video tracking of any moving targets with the uses of contour based detection technique that depends on the sobel operator. The proposed system is suitable for indoor and outdoor applications. Our approach has the advantage of extending the applicability of tracking system and also, as presented here improves the performance of the tracker making feasible high frame rate video tracking. The goal of the tracking system is to analyze the video frames and estimate the position of a part of the input video frame (usually a moving object), our approach can detect, tracked any object more than one object and calculate the position of the moving objects. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to construct a motion tracking system for moving objects. Where, at the end of this paper, the detail outcome and result are discussed using experiments results of the proposed technique
Vision Based Gesture Recognition Using Neural Networks Approaches: A ReviewWaqas Tariq
The aim of gesture recognition researches is to create system that easily identifies gestures, and use them for device control, or convey in formations. In this paper we are discussing researches done in the area of hand gesture recognition based on Artificial Neural Networks approaches. Several hand gesture recognition researches that use Neural Networks are discussed in this paper, comparisons between these methods were presented, advantages and drawbacks of the discussed methods also included, and implementation tools for each method were presented as well.
There has been over the past few years, a very increased popularity for yoga. A lot of literatures have been published that claim yoga to be beneficial in improving the overall lifestyle and health especially in rehabilitation, mental health and more. Considering the fast-paced lives that individuals live, people usually prefer to exercise or work-out from the comfort of their homes and with that a need for an instructor arises. Hence why, we have developed a self-assisted system which can be used to detect and classify yoga asanas, which is discussed in-depth in this paper. Especially now when the pandemic has taken over the world, it is not feasible to attend physical classes or have an instructor over. Using the technology of Computer Vision, a computer-assisted system such as the one discussed, comes in very handy. The technologies such as ml5.js, PoseNet and Neural Networks are made use for the human pose estimation and classification. The proposed system uses the above-mentioned technologies to take in a real-time video input and analyze the pose of an individual, and classifies the poses into yoga asanas. It also displays the name of the yoga asana that is detected along with the confidence score.
MOTION PREDICTION USING DEPTH INFORMATION OF HUMAN ARM BASED ON ALEXNETgerogepatton
The development of convolutional neural networks(CNN) has provided a new tool to make classification and prediction of human's body motion. This project tends to predict the drop point of a ball thrown out by experimenters by classifying the motion of their body in the process of throwing. Kinect sensor v2 is used to record depth maps and the drop points are recorded by a square infrared induction module. Firstly, convolutional neural networks are made use of to put the data obtained from depth maps in and get the prediction of drop point according to experimenters' motion. Secondly, huge amount of data is used to trainthe networks of different structure, and a network structure that could provide high enough accuracy for drop point prediction is established. The network model and parameters are modified to improve the accuracy of the prediction algorithm. Finally, the experimental data is divided into a training group and a test group. The prediction results of test group reflect that the prediction algorithm effectively improves the accuracy of human motion perception.
Human motion is fundamental to understanding behaviour. In spite of advancement on single image 3 Dimensional pose and estimation of shapes, current video-based state of the art methods unsuccessful to produce precise and motion of natural sequences due to inefficiency of ground-truth 3 Dimensional motion data for training. Recognition of Human action for programmed video surveillance applications is an interesting but forbidding task especially if the videos are captured in an unpleasant lighting environment. It is a Spatial-temporal feature-based correlation filter, for concurrent observation and identification of numerous human actions in a little-light environment. Estimated the presentation of a proposed filter with immense experimentation on night-time action datasets. Tentative results demonstrate the potency of the merging schemes for vigorous action recognition in a significantly low light environment.
TRANSFER LEARNING WITH CONVOLUTIONAL NEURAL NETWORKS FOR IRIS RECOGNITIONijaia
Iris is one of the common biometrics used for identity authentication. It has the potential to recognize persons with a high degree of assurance. Extracting effective features is the most important stage in the iris recognition system. Different features have been used to perform iris recognition system. A lot of them are based on hand-crafted features designed by biometrics experts. According to the achievement of deep learning in object recognition problems, the features learned by the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have gained great attention to be used in the iris recognition system. In this paper, we proposed an effective iris recognition system by using transfer learning with Convolutional Neural Networks. The proposed system is implemented by fine-tuning a pre-trained convolutional neural network (VGG-16) for features extracting and classification. The performance of the iris recognition system is tested on four public databases IITD, iris databases CASIA-Iris-V1, CASIA-Iris-thousand and, CASIA-Iris-Interval. The results show that the proposed system is achieved a very high accuracy rate.
Proposed Multi-object Tracking Algorithm Using Sobel Edge Detection operatorQUESTJOURNAL
ABSTRACT:Tracking of moving objects that is called video tracking is used for measuring motion parameters and obtaining a visual record of the moving objects, it is an important area of application in image processing. In general there are two different approaches to obtain object tracking: the first is Recognition-based Tracking, and the second is the Motion-based Tracking. Video tracking system raises a wide possibility in today’s society. This system is used in various applications such as military, security, monitoring, robotic, and nowadays in dayto-day applications. However the video tracking systems still have many open problems and various research activities in a video tracking system are explores. This paper presents an algorithm for video tracking of any moving targets with the uses of contour based detection technique that depends on the sobel operator. The proposed system is suitable for indoor and outdoor applications. Our approach has the advantage of extending the applicability of tracking system and also, as presented here improves the performance of the tracker making feasible high frame rate video tracking. The goal of the tracking system is to analyze the video frames and estimate the position of a part of the input video frame (usually a moving object), our approach can detect, tracked any object more than one object and calculate the position of the moving objects. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to construct a motion tracking system for moving objects. Where, at the end of this paper, the detail outcome and result are discussed using experiments results of the proposed technique
Vision Based Gesture Recognition Using Neural Networks Approaches: A ReviewWaqas Tariq
The aim of gesture recognition researches is to create system that easily identifies gestures, and use them for device control, or convey in formations. In this paper we are discussing researches done in the area of hand gesture recognition based on Artificial Neural Networks approaches. Several hand gesture recognition researches that use Neural Networks are discussed in this paper, comparisons between these methods were presented, advantages and drawbacks of the discussed methods also included, and implementation tools for each method were presented as well.
This paper reports results of artificial neural network for robot navigation tasks. Machine
learning methods have proven usability in many complex problems concerning mobile robots
control. In particular we deal with the well-known strategy of navigating by “wall-following”.
In this study, probabilistic neural network (PNN) structure was used for robot navigation tasks.
The PNN result was compared with the results of the Logistic Perceptron, Multilayer
Perceptron, Mixture of Experts and Elman neural networks and the results of the previous
studies reported focusing on robot navigation tasks and using same dataset. It was observed the
PNN is the best classification accuracy with 99,635% accuracy using same dataset.
The main objective of this work is the uniting and streamlining of an automatic face detection application and recognition system for video indexing applications. Human identification means the classification of gender which can increase the identification accuracy. So, accurate gender classification algorithms may increase the accuracy of the applications and can reduce its complexity. But, in some applications, some challenges are there such as rotation, gray scale variations that may reduce the accuracy of the application. The main goal of building this module is to understand the values in image, pattern, and array processing with OpenCV for effective processing faces for building pipe-lining, SVM models.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
TOP 5 Most View Article From Academia in 2019sipij
TOP 5 Most View Article From Academia in 2019
Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal (SIPIJ)
ISSN : 0976 - 710X (Online) ; 2229 - 3922 (print)
http://www.airccse.org/journal/sipij/index.html
This slide contains the Smeniar III presentation of Mr. Jordan Choudhari Studying the ME-IT on a Comparitive study of different algorithms of Light Fidelity.
Deep-learning based single object tracker for night surveillance IJECEIAES
Tracking an object in night surveillance video is a challenging task as the quality of the captured image is normally poor with low brightness and contrast. The task becomes harder for a small object as fewer features are apparent. Traditional approach is based on improving the image quality before tracking is performed. In this paper, a single object tracking algorithm based on deep-learning approach is proposed to exploit its outstanding capability of modelling object’s appearance even during night. The algorithm uses pre-trained convolutional neural networks coupled with fully connected layers, which are trained online during the tracking so that it is able to cater for appearance changes as the object moves around. Various learning hyperparameters for the optimization function, learning rate and ratio of training samples are tested to find optimal setup for tracking in night scenarios. Fourteen night surveillance videos are collected for validation purpose, which are captured from three viewing angles. The results show that the best accuracy is obtained by using Adam optimizer with learning rate of 0.00075 and sampling ratio of 2:1 for positive and negative training data. This algorithm is suitable to be implemented in higher level surveillance applications such as abnormal behavioral recognition.
VIDEO SEGMENTATION FOR MOVING OBJECT DETECTION USING LOCAL CHANGE & ENTROPY B...csandit
Motion detection and object segmentation are an important research area of image-video
processing and computer vision. The technique and mathematical modeling used to detect and
segment region of interest (ROI) objects comprise the algorithmic modules of various high-level
techniques in video analysis, object extraction, classification, and recognition. The detection of
moving object is significant in many tasks, such as video surveillance & moving object tracking.
The design of a video surveillance system is directed on involuntary identification of events of
interest, especially on tracking and on classification of moving objects. An entropy based realtime
adaptive non-parametric window thresholding algorithm for change detection is
anticipated in this research. Based on the approximation of the value of scatter of sections of
change in a difference image, a threshold of every image block is calculated discriminatively
using entropy structure, and then the global threshold is attained by averaging all thresholds for
image blocks of the frame. The block threshold is calculated contrarily for regions of change
and background. Investigational results show the proposed thresholding algorithm
accomplishes well for change detection with high efficiency.
Discovering Anomalies Based on Saliency Detection and Segmentation in Surveil...ijtsrd
This paper proposes extracting salient objects from motion fields. Salient object detection is an important technique for many content-based applications, but it becomes a challenging work when handling the clustered saliency maps, which cannot completely highlight salient object regions and cannot suppress background regions. We present algorithms for recognizing activity in monocular video sequences, based on discriminative gradient Random Field. Surveillance videos capture the behavioral activities of the objects accessing the surveillance system. Some behavior is frequent sequence of events and some deviate from the known frequent sequences of events. These events are termed as anomalies and may be susceptible to criminal activities. In the past, work was based on discovering the known abnormal events. Here, the unknown abnormal activities are to be detected and alerted such that early actions are taken. K. Shankar | Dr. S. Srinivasan | Dr. T. S. Sivakumaran | K. Madhavi Priya"Discovering Anomalies Based on Saliency Detection and Segmentation in Surveillance System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5871.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/5871/discovering-anomalies-based-on-saliency-detection-and-segmentation-in-surveillance-system/k-shankar
A study of remotely booking slot for vehicle using Internet of Things IJECEIAES
Internet Of Things (IoT) is a continually growing area which aids us to unite diverse objects. The proposed system exhibits the universal notion of utilizing cloud-based intellectual automotive car parking facilities in smart cities as a notable implementation of the IoT. The RFID technology is used in this system along with suitable IoT protocols to evade human interference, which reduces the cost. Information is bartered using readers and tags. Open Service Gateways can be effectively used for this module. This system established on the consequence of IoT and the purposes are solving the chaos, bewilderment, and extensive backlogs in parking spaces. The proposed work aims to solve these problems and offer car drivers a hassle-free and instantaneous car parking experience. A Raspberry Pi would act as a mini-computer in our system. A suitable smallest path methodology would be cast-off to obtain the shortest distance between the user and every car park in the system. Hence, the pausing time of the user is decreased. This work furthermore includes the practice of remotely booking of a slot with the collaboration of android application exercising smartphones for the communication between the Smart Parking system and the user.
Engfi Gate: An Indoor Guidance System using Marker-based Cyber-Physical Augme...IJECEIAES
A guidance system is needed when freshmen explore their new building environment. With the advancements of mobile technologies, a guidance system using mobile computing devices such as mobile phones or tablets could aid freshmen in locating the desired destination with ease. The proposed system consists of three main subsystems: the marker-based cyberphysical interaction (CPI) system, the indoor positioning (IP) system, and the augmented-reality (AR) system. With the help of visible markers and invisible markers, the CPI system allows the users to do interactions between the physical and cyber environments; the IP system produces accurate user position information; the AR system provides the users with good user experiences. An Android application, named Engfi Gate, is developed to realize the system design in the test environment. This paper also shows the comparisons of the proposed system with other related systems. Furthermore, the design architecture of Engfi Gate system can be used in other locationbased applications.
Design and Implementation for Trucks Tracking System Using GPS Based on Seman...ijtsrd
This paper proposed design and implementation of trucks tracking system using GPS based on semantic web for vehicle tracking in real time. In-vehicle unit and a tracking server is used. The information is transmitted to tracking server using GSM/GPRS modem on GSM network by using SMS or using direct TCP/IP connection with tracking server through GPRS. The received SMS contain longitude and latitude that are used to locate the vehicle on the Google maps. Tracking server also has GSM/GPRS modem that receives vehicle location information via GSM network and stores this information in database. It has been explored that most of the GPS based tracking systems are user friendly, cost effective, reliable and can be easily validated through different experiments and simulations which means that tracking system will send notifications periodically to the main station about the current position of the vehicle . Moreover those tracking notifications (GPS) will be stored in the database for future revising or generating required reports.. The tracking system will be better for cars, trucks, trailers, railways, containers and boats that can be traced using GPS vehicle tracking. Yasser Ahmed Nada"Design and Implementation for Trucks Tracking System Using GPS Based on Semantic Web" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd169.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/169/design-and-implementation-for-trucks-tracking-system-using-gps-based-on-semantic-web/yasser-ahmed-nada
Nowadays the congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing population rapidly. With respect to
the amount of population country, the utilization of personal vehicles also increased. Most of the folks choose personal
vehicles than public transportation. Enter his/her details to the application, and enter the location where he/she wants to
reach time-consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during the rush
hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find a proper and secure parking space. The
proposed project is a smart parking system that delivers information to people finding a parking space online booking. It
reduce unnecessary time consuming for searching the problem of parking space in parking areas. Hence, the website is
provided by this project-based system where users can view various parking areas and choose the space from obtainable
slots. Keywords:
Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoTijtsrd
This research aims to monitor the traffic condition and to control the traffic light. This system can reduce not only traffic congestion but also waiting time. This system is designed to be implemented in places nearing the junctions. This research is based on the effective use of Internet of Things IoT . This system will display the traffic conditions in the website and the traffic light can be controlled from this website. This system has been implemented by using esp8266, ultrasonic sensor and arduino. Esp8266 nodemcu which is IoT device is used to transmit the traffic information to the website which is connected with this device. Ultrasonic sensors are placed on each road to sense the presence and absence of vehicles. Traffic information is received from these sensors. Traffic light prototype is built by using an arduino UNO. This traffic light can be controlled from the website. The system will display the traffic states in the website that can guide the drivers to select the right way and avoid traffic congestions. Ei Swe Zin | Kyaw Zin Latt ""Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25138.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25138/traffic-monitoring-and-control-system-using-iot/ei-swe-zin
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones
and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking
Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This
gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are
utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the
server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost
to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be
connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
This paper reports results of artificial neural network for robot navigation tasks. Machine
learning methods have proven usability in many complex problems concerning mobile robots
control. In particular we deal with the well-known strategy of navigating by “wall-following”.
In this study, probabilistic neural network (PNN) structure was used for robot navigation tasks.
The PNN result was compared with the results of the Logistic Perceptron, Multilayer
Perceptron, Mixture of Experts and Elman neural networks and the results of the previous
studies reported focusing on robot navigation tasks and using same dataset. It was observed the
PNN is the best classification accuracy with 99,635% accuracy using same dataset.
The main objective of this work is the uniting and streamlining of an automatic face detection application and recognition system for video indexing applications. Human identification means the classification of gender which can increase the identification accuracy. So, accurate gender classification algorithms may increase the accuracy of the applications and can reduce its complexity. But, in some applications, some challenges are there such as rotation, gray scale variations that may reduce the accuracy of the application. The main goal of building this module is to understand the values in image, pattern, and array processing with OpenCV for effective processing faces for building pipe-lining, SVM models.
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER)ijceronline
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology.
TOP 5 Most View Article From Academia in 2019sipij
TOP 5 Most View Article From Academia in 2019
Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal (SIPIJ)
ISSN : 0976 - 710X (Online) ; 2229 - 3922 (print)
http://www.airccse.org/journal/sipij/index.html
This slide contains the Smeniar III presentation of Mr. Jordan Choudhari Studying the ME-IT on a Comparitive study of different algorithms of Light Fidelity.
Deep-learning based single object tracker for night surveillance IJECEIAES
Tracking an object in night surveillance video is a challenging task as the quality of the captured image is normally poor with low brightness and contrast. The task becomes harder for a small object as fewer features are apparent. Traditional approach is based on improving the image quality before tracking is performed. In this paper, a single object tracking algorithm based on deep-learning approach is proposed to exploit its outstanding capability of modelling object’s appearance even during night. The algorithm uses pre-trained convolutional neural networks coupled with fully connected layers, which are trained online during the tracking so that it is able to cater for appearance changes as the object moves around. Various learning hyperparameters for the optimization function, learning rate and ratio of training samples are tested to find optimal setup for tracking in night scenarios. Fourteen night surveillance videos are collected for validation purpose, which are captured from three viewing angles. The results show that the best accuracy is obtained by using Adam optimizer with learning rate of 0.00075 and sampling ratio of 2:1 for positive and negative training data. This algorithm is suitable to be implemented in higher level surveillance applications such as abnormal behavioral recognition.
VIDEO SEGMENTATION FOR MOVING OBJECT DETECTION USING LOCAL CHANGE & ENTROPY B...csandit
Motion detection and object segmentation are an important research area of image-video
processing and computer vision. The technique and mathematical modeling used to detect and
segment region of interest (ROI) objects comprise the algorithmic modules of various high-level
techniques in video analysis, object extraction, classification, and recognition. The detection of
moving object is significant in many tasks, such as video surveillance & moving object tracking.
The design of a video surveillance system is directed on involuntary identification of events of
interest, especially on tracking and on classification of moving objects. An entropy based realtime
adaptive non-parametric window thresholding algorithm for change detection is
anticipated in this research. Based on the approximation of the value of scatter of sections of
change in a difference image, a threshold of every image block is calculated discriminatively
using entropy structure, and then the global threshold is attained by averaging all thresholds for
image blocks of the frame. The block threshold is calculated contrarily for regions of change
and background. Investigational results show the proposed thresholding algorithm
accomplishes well for change detection with high efficiency.
Discovering Anomalies Based on Saliency Detection and Segmentation in Surveil...ijtsrd
This paper proposes extracting salient objects from motion fields. Salient object detection is an important technique for many content-based applications, but it becomes a challenging work when handling the clustered saliency maps, which cannot completely highlight salient object regions and cannot suppress background regions. We present algorithms for recognizing activity in monocular video sequences, based on discriminative gradient Random Field. Surveillance videos capture the behavioral activities of the objects accessing the surveillance system. Some behavior is frequent sequence of events and some deviate from the known frequent sequences of events. These events are termed as anomalies and may be susceptible to criminal activities. In the past, work was based on discovering the known abnormal events. Here, the unknown abnormal activities are to be detected and alerted such that early actions are taken. K. Shankar | Dr. S. Srinivasan | Dr. T. S. Sivakumaran | K. Madhavi Priya"Discovering Anomalies Based on Saliency Detection and Segmentation in Surveillance System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-1 , December 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd5871.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/5871/discovering-anomalies-based-on-saliency-detection-and-segmentation-in-surveillance-system/k-shankar
A study of remotely booking slot for vehicle using Internet of Things IJECEIAES
Internet Of Things (IoT) is a continually growing area which aids us to unite diverse objects. The proposed system exhibits the universal notion of utilizing cloud-based intellectual automotive car parking facilities in smart cities as a notable implementation of the IoT. The RFID technology is used in this system along with suitable IoT protocols to evade human interference, which reduces the cost. Information is bartered using readers and tags. Open Service Gateways can be effectively used for this module. This system established on the consequence of IoT and the purposes are solving the chaos, bewilderment, and extensive backlogs in parking spaces. The proposed work aims to solve these problems and offer car drivers a hassle-free and instantaneous car parking experience. A Raspberry Pi would act as a mini-computer in our system. A suitable smallest path methodology would be cast-off to obtain the shortest distance between the user and every car park in the system. Hence, the pausing time of the user is decreased. This work furthermore includes the practice of remotely booking of a slot with the collaboration of android application exercising smartphones for the communication between the Smart Parking system and the user.
Engfi Gate: An Indoor Guidance System using Marker-based Cyber-Physical Augme...IJECEIAES
A guidance system is needed when freshmen explore their new building environment. With the advancements of mobile technologies, a guidance system using mobile computing devices such as mobile phones or tablets could aid freshmen in locating the desired destination with ease. The proposed system consists of three main subsystems: the marker-based cyberphysical interaction (CPI) system, the indoor positioning (IP) system, and the augmented-reality (AR) system. With the help of visible markers and invisible markers, the CPI system allows the users to do interactions between the physical and cyber environments; the IP system produces accurate user position information; the AR system provides the users with good user experiences. An Android application, named Engfi Gate, is developed to realize the system design in the test environment. This paper also shows the comparisons of the proposed system with other related systems. Furthermore, the design architecture of Engfi Gate system can be used in other locationbased applications.
Design and Implementation for Trucks Tracking System Using GPS Based on Seman...ijtsrd
This paper proposed design and implementation of trucks tracking system using GPS based on semantic web for vehicle tracking in real time. In-vehicle unit and a tracking server is used. The information is transmitted to tracking server using GSM/GPRS modem on GSM network by using SMS or using direct TCP/IP connection with tracking server through GPRS. The received SMS contain longitude and latitude that are used to locate the vehicle on the Google maps. Tracking server also has GSM/GPRS modem that receives vehicle location information via GSM network and stores this information in database. It has been explored that most of the GPS based tracking systems are user friendly, cost effective, reliable and can be easily validated through different experiments and simulations which means that tracking system will send notifications periodically to the main station about the current position of the vehicle . Moreover those tracking notifications (GPS) will be stored in the database for future revising or generating required reports.. The tracking system will be better for cars, trucks, trailers, railways, containers and boats that can be traced using GPS vehicle tracking. Yasser Ahmed Nada"Design and Implementation for Trucks Tracking System Using GPS Based on Semantic Web" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd169.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/169/design-and-implementation-for-trucks-tracking-system-using-gps-based-on-semantic-web/yasser-ahmed-nada
Nowadays the congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing population rapidly. With respect to
the amount of population country, the utilization of personal vehicles also increased. Most of the folks choose personal
vehicles than public transportation. Enter his/her details to the application, and enter the location where he/she wants to
reach time-consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during the rush
hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find a proper and secure parking space. The
proposed project is a smart parking system that delivers information to people finding a parking space online booking. It
reduce unnecessary time consuming for searching the problem of parking space in parking areas. Hence, the website is
provided by this project-based system where users can view various parking areas and choose the space from obtainable
slots. Keywords:
Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoTijtsrd
This research aims to monitor the traffic condition and to control the traffic light. This system can reduce not only traffic congestion but also waiting time. This system is designed to be implemented in places nearing the junctions. This research is based on the effective use of Internet of Things IoT . This system will display the traffic conditions in the website and the traffic light can be controlled from this website. This system has been implemented by using esp8266, ultrasonic sensor and arduino. Esp8266 nodemcu which is IoT device is used to transmit the traffic information to the website which is connected with this device. Ultrasonic sensors are placed on each road to sense the presence and absence of vehicles. Traffic information is received from these sensors. Traffic light prototype is built by using an arduino UNO. This traffic light can be controlled from the website. The system will display the traffic states in the website that can guide the drivers to select the right way and avoid traffic congestions. Ei Swe Zin | Kyaw Zin Latt ""Traffic Monitoring and Control System Using IoT"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25138.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/25138/traffic-monitoring-and-control-system-using-iot/ei-swe-zin
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones
and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking
Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This
gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are
utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the
server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost
to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be
connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
In recent years usage of private vehicles create urban traffic more and more crowded. As result traffic becomes one of the important problems in big cities in all over the world. Some of the traffic concerns are traffic jam and accidents which have caused a huge waste of time, more fuel consumption and more pollution. Time is very important parameter in routine life. The main problem faced by the people is real time routing. Our solution Virtual Eye will provide the current updates as in the real time scenario of the specific route. This research paper presents smart traffic navigation system, based on Internet of Things, which is featured by low cost, high compatibility, easy to upgrade, to replace traditional traffic management system and the proposed system can improve road traffic tremendously.
In our day today life, the main problem is parking of vehicles mainly the car parking at a particular destination. Also this problem leads to traffic
congestion. This paper proposes the basic concept of using Wi-Fi based smart car parking services in modern cities as an important application of the
Internet of Things (IOT).This system will be launched through Smartphone provided and it can be used to monitor or find the empty slots in that area.
This system helps to improve the maximum utilization of parking area and reduces the user‟s waiting time.
A smart traffic management is a wide topic of research. Many modifications can be made to make the urban traffic flow smoothly on the roads. The increasing utilization of private vehicles and public transportation due to advancement of technology causes hectic traffic complexities for the civilians across the globe. The problem of traffic congestion is an everyday problem for human resource and therefore hinders the growth of the country by affecting its productivity as well as economy. Moreover, the traffic signaling systems have predetermined fixed operational time which fails to manage the traffic density changing with time and thus, long traffic queues are formed at the road crossings resulting in increased pollution and waiting time. In this paper, we tried to provide solution to reduce the waiting time at road crossings while keeping in mind the importance of time of the citizens as well as the emergency service providers (such as EMS i.e. Emergency Medical Services, Fire and Rescue Services, etc.). The presented system in this paper is based on smart traffic congestion control system that will automatically set the signal time based on the measured values of vehicle density on road lanes. However, the manual changes can also be made to traffic signals for efficient traffic management in case of emergencies. This paper presents an idea of traffic management using internet of things (IOT). The Internet of Things (IoT) refers to a system of internet-connected objects that are able to collect and transfer data over a wireless network without human intervention. This technology provides an effective communication between different signals and helps in collection of data thereby providing an IoT based smart traffic management system in terms of its automated tracking, monitoring and controlling of vehicles and its data processing.
A SHORT SURVEY ON CONSTRUCTING AN IOTBASED INTELLIGENT ROAD SYSTEMijcsit
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability, road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Road construction is a crucial component of modern infrastructure since it greatly facilitates travel
between various areas.Sustainability, Progress, and Transformation refer to the upgrading of roads
employing communication, lighting, and control transmission mechanisms that may promote sustainability,
road progress, and a better driving experience for users.Smart roads that are connected to the Internet of
Things (IoT) devices make it possible to drive more efficiently, sustainably, and safely.For this reason, the
range of smart road technology like actuators, sensors, and solar power along with software
infrastructures like Artificial Intelligence and big data are now made standard in all new roads. This
article provides a framework for patients to employ speech-to-text chatbots to conduct treatment. Using
chat-box technology, we have implemented cognitive therapy as a solution.
Similar to Vehicle Monitoring System based On IOT, Using 4G/LTE (20)
Total Ionization Cross Sections due to Electron Impact of Ammonia from Thresh...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
In the present paper, we have employed modified Khare-BEB method [Atoms, (2019)] to evaluate total ionization cross sections by the electron impact for ammonia in energy range from the ionization threshold to 10 MeV. The theoretical ionization cross sections have been compared to the available previous theoretical and experimental results. The collision parameters dipole matrix squared M_j^2 and CRP also have been calculated. The present calculations were found in remarkable agreement with the available experimental results.
A Case Study on Small Town Big Player – Enjay IT Solutions Ltd., BhiladDr. Amarjeet Singh
Adequately trained Manpower is a problem that affects the IT industry as a whole, but it is particularly acute for Enjay IT Solution. Enjay's location in a semi-urban or rural area makes it even more difficult to find a talented employee with the right skills. As the competition for skilled workers grows, it becomes more difficult to attract and keep those workers who have the requisite training and experience.
Effect of Biopesticide from the Stems of Gossypium Arboreum on Pink Bollworm ...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Pink bollworm and Lepidoptera development quickly in numbers which is a typical animal group that produces around 100 youthful ones inside certain days or weeks. This assault influences the harvests broadly in the tropical and sub-tropical temperature areas. Thus, to keep up with the yield of harvests the vermin ought to be kept away by utilizing pesticides. The unnecessary measure of the purpose of pesticides influences the dirt, land, and as well as human well-being, and contaminates the climate. Thus, an ozone-accommodating biopesticide is extracted from the stems of the Gossypium arboreum. Thus, the extraction of biopesticide from the stems of Gossypium arboreum demonstrated that the quantity of pink bollworm and Lepidoptera is diminished step by step in the wake of showering the arrangement on the impacted region of the plant because of the presence of the gossypol.
Artificial Intelligence Techniques in E-Commerce: The Possibility of Exploiti...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
E-Commerce has transformed business as we know over the past few decades. The rapid increasing use of the Internet and the strong purchasing power in Saudi Arabia have had a strong impact on the evolution of E-Commerce in the country. Saudi Arabia is yet another country that will release artificial intelligence power to fuel its growth in the economic world. Recently, artificial intelligence (AI) applications that can facilitate e-commerce processes have been widely used. The impact of using artificial intelligence (AI) concepts and techniques on the efficiency of e-commerce, particularly has been overlooked by many prior studies. In this paper, a literature review was conducted to explore and investigate possible applications of AI in E-Commerce that can help Saudi Arabian businesses.
Factors Influencing Ownership Pattern and its Impact on Corporate Performance...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This study on factors influencing Ownership pattern and its impact on corporate performance has used five industries data viz Automobile industry, IT industry, Banking industry, Oil & Gas industry and pharmaceutical industry for five years from 2017 to 2021. First the factors influencing ownership pattern was identified and later its impact on corporate performance was analysed. Multiple Regression, ANOVA and Correlation was used in SPSS 28. Percentage of independent directors on the board and size of the company has significant impact on Indian Promotor holding and non-institutional ownership has significant impact on corporate performance.
An Analytical Study on Ratios Influencing Profitability of Selected Indian Au...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Every country with a well-developed transportation network has a well-developed economy. The automobile industry is a critical engine of the nation's economic development. The automobile industry has significant backward and forward links with every area of the economy, as well as a strong and progressive multiplier impact. The automotive industry and the auto component industry are both included in the vehicle industry. It includes passenger waggons, light, medium, and heavy commercial vehicles, as well as multi-utility vehicles such as jeeps, three-wheelers, military vehicles, motorcycles, tractors, and auto-components such as engine parts, batteries, drive transmission parts, electrical, suspension and chassis parts, and body and other parts. In the last several years, India's automobile sector has seen incredible growth in sales, production, innovation, and exports. India's car industry has emerged as one of the best in the world, and the auto-ancillary sector is poised to assist the vehicle sector's expansion. Vehicle manufacturers and auto-parts manufacturers account for a significant component of global motorised manufacturing. Vehicle manufacturers from across the world are keeping a close eye on the Indian auto sector in order to assess future demand and establish India as a global manufacturing base. The current research focuses on three automotive behemoths: TATA Motors, MRF, and Mahindra & Mahindra.
A Study on Factors Influencing the Financial Performance Analysis Selected Pr...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The growth of a country's banking sector has a significant impact on its economic development. The banking sector plays a critical role in determining a country's economic future. A well-planned, structured, efficient, and viable banking system is an essential component of an economy's economic and social infrastructure. In modern society, a strong banking system is required because it meets the financial needs of the modern society. In a country's economy, the banking system plays a crucial role. Because it connects surplus and deficit economic agents, the bank is the most important financial intermediary in the economy. The banking system is regarded as the economy's lifeline. It meets the financial needs of commerce, industry, and agriculture. As a result, the country's development and the banking system are intertwined. They are critical in the mobilisation of savings and the distribution of credit to various sectors of the economy. India's private sector banks play a critical role in the country's economic development. So The financial performance of private sector banks must be evaluated carefully.
An Empirical Analysis of Financial Performance of Selected Oil Exploration an...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
After the United States, China, and Japan, India was the world's fourth biggest consumer of oil and petroleum products. The nation is significantly reliant on crude oil imports, the majority of which come from the Middle East. The Indian oil and gas business is one of the country's six main sectors, with important forward links to the rest of the economy. More than two-thirds of the country's overall primary energy demands are met by the oil and gas industry. The industry has played a key role in placing India on the global map. India is now the world's sixth biggest crude oil user and ninth largest crude oil importer. In addition, the country's portion of the worldwide refining market is growing. India's refining industry is now the world's sixth biggest. With plans for Reliance Petroleum Limited to commission another refinery with a capacity of 29 MTPA next 16 to its 33 MTPA refinery in Jamnagar, Gujarat, this position is projected to be enhanced. As a consequence, the Reliance refinery would be the biggest single-site refinery in the world. Based on secondary data gathered from CMIE, the current research examines the ratios influencing the profitability of selected oil exploration and production businesses in India during a 10-year period.
Since 1991, thanks to economic policy liberalization, the Indian economy has entered an era in which Indian businesses can no longer disregard global markets. Prior to the 1990s, the prices of a variety of commodities, metals, and other assets were carefully regulated. Others, which were not rolled, were primarily dependant on regulated input costs. As a result, there was no uncertainty and, as a result, no price fluctuations. However, in 1991, when the process of deregulation began, the prices of most items were deregulated. It has also resulted in the exchange being partially deregulated, easing trade restrictions, lowering interest rates, and making significant advancements in foreign institutional investors' access to the capital markets, as well as establishing market-based government securities pricing, among other things. Furthermore, portfolio and securities price volatility and instability were influenced by market-determined exchange rates and interest rates. As a result, hedging strategies employing a variety of derivatives were exposed to a variety of risks. The Indian capital market will be examined in this study, with a focus on derivatives.
Theoretical Estimation of CO2 Compression and Transport Costs for an hypothet...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
SEI S.p.a. presented a project to build a 1320 MW coal-fired power plant in Saline Joniche, on the Southern tip of Calabria Region, Italy, in 2008. A gross early evaluation about the possibility to add CCS (CO2 Capture & Storage) was performed too. The project generated widespread opposition among environmental associations, citizens and local institutions in that period, against the coal use to produce energy, as a consequence of its GHG clima-alterating impact. Moreover the CCS (also named Carbon Capture & Storage or more recently CCUS: Carbon Capture-Usage-Storage) technology was at that time still an unknown and “mysterious” solution for the GHG avoiding to the atmosphere. The present study concerns the sizing of the compression and transportation system of the CCS section, included in the project presented at the time by SEI Spa; the sizing of the compression station and the pipeline connecting the plant to the possible Fosca01 offshore injection site previously studied as a possible storage solution, as part of a coarse screening of CO2 storage sites in the Calabria Region. This study takes into account the costs of construction, operation and maintenance (O&M) of both the compression plant and the sound pipeline, considering the gross static storage capacity of the Fosca01 reservoir as a whole as previously evaluated.
Analytical Mechanics of Magnetic Particles Suspended in Magnetorheological FluidDr. Amarjeet Singh
In this paper, the behavior of MR particles has been systematically investigated within the scope of analytical mechanics. . A magnetorheological fluid belongs to a class of smart materials. In magnetorheological fluids, the motion of magnetic particles is controlled by the action of internal and external forces. This paper presents analytical mechanics for the interaction of system of particles in MR fluid. In this paper, basic principles of Analytical Mechanics are utilized for the construction of equations.
Techno-Economic Aspects of Solid Food Wastes into Bio-ManureDr. Amarjeet Singh
Solid waste is health hazard and cause damage to the environment due to improper handling. Solid waste comprises of Industrial Waste (IW), Hazardous Waste (HW), Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), Electronic waste (E-waste), Bio-Medical Waste (BMW) which depend on their supply & characteristics. Food waste or Bio-waste composting and its role in sustainable development is explained in food waste is a growing area of concern with many costs to our community in terms of waste collection, disposal and greenhouse gases. When rotting food ends up in landfill it turns into methane, a greenhouse gas that is particularly damaging to the environment. Composting is biochemical process in which organic materials are biologically degraded, resulting in the production of organic by products and energy in the form of heat. Heat is trapped within the composting mass, leading to the phenomenon of self-heating. This overall process provide us Bio-Manure.
Crypto-Currencies: Can Investors Rely on them as Investment Avenue?Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The purpose of this study is to examine investors’ perceptions about investing in crypto-currencies. We think that investors trust in crypto-currencies is largely driven by crypto-currency comprehension, trust in government, and transaction speed. This is the first study to examine crypto-currencies from the investor’s perspective. Following that, we discover important antecedents of crypto-currency confidence. Second, we look at the government's role in crypto-currencies. The importance of this study is: first, crypto-currencies have the potential to disrupt the current economic system as the debate is all about impact of decentralization of transactions; thus, further research into how it affects investors trust is essential; and second, access to crypto-currencies. Finally, if Fin-Tech companies or banks want to enter the bitcoin industry may not attract huge advertising costs as well as marketing to soothe clients' concerns about investing in various digital currencies The research sheds light on indecisiveness in the context of marketing aspects adopted by demonstrating investors are aware about the crypto.
Awareness of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) among Student of the Catanduanes S...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The Island Province of Catanduanes is prone to all types of natural hazards that includes torrential and heavy rains, strong winds and surge, flooding and landslide or slope failures as a result of its geographical location and topography. RA 10121 mandates local DRRM bodies to “encourage community, specifically the youth, participation in disaster risk reduction and management activities, such as organizing quick response groups, particularly in identified disaster-prone areas, as well as the inclusion of disaster risk reduction and management programs as part of youth programs and projects. The study aims to determine the awareness to disaster of the student of the Catanduanes State University. The disaster-based questionnaire was prepared and distributed among 636 students selected randomly from different Colleges and Laboratory Schools in the University
The Catanduanes State University students understood some disaster-related concepts and ideas, but uncertain on issues on preparedness, adaptation, and awareness on the risks inflicted by these natural hazards. Low perception on disaster risks are evidently observed among students. The responses of the students could be based on the efficiency and impact of the integration of DRR education in the senior high school curriculum. Specifically, integration of the concepts about the hazards, hazard maps, disaster preparedness, awareness, mitigation, prevention, adaptation, and resiliency in the science curriculum possibly affect the knowledge and understanding of students on DRR. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM.
The study further recommends that teachers and instructor must also be capacitated in handling disaster as they are the prime movers in the implementation of the DRRM in education. Preparedness drills and other forms of capacity building must be done to improve awareness of the student towards DRRM. Core subjects in Earth Sciences must be reinforced with geologic hazards. Learning competencies must also be focused on hazard identification and mapping, and coping with different geologic disaster.
The 1857 war was a watershed moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. The battle has sparked academic debate among historians and sociologists all around the world. Despite the fact that it has been more than 150 years, this battle continues to pique the interest of historians. The war's causes and events that occurred throughout the conflict, persons who backed the British and anti-British fighters, and the results and ramifications, are all aspects of this conflict. In terms of outcomes, many academics believe that the war was a failure for those who started it. It is often assumed that the Indians who battled the British in this conflict were unable to achieve their goals. Many gains accrued to Indians as a result of the conflict, but these achievements are overshadowed by the dispute over the war's failure. This research effort focuses on the war's achievements for India, and the significance of those achievements.
Haryana's Honour Killings: A Social and Legal Point of ViewDr. Amarjeet Singh
Life is unpredictably unpredictable. Nobody knows what will happen in the next minute of their lives. In this circumstance, every human being has the right and desire to conduct their lives according to their own desires. No one should be forced to live a life solely for the benefit and reputation of others. Honour killing is defined as the assassination of a person, whether male or female, who refuses to accept the family's arranged marriage or decides to move her or his marital life according to her or his wishes solely because it jeopardizes the family's honour. The family's supreme authority looks after the family's name but neglects to consider the love and affection shared among family members. I have discussed honour killing in India in my research work. This sort of murder occurs as a result of particular triggers, which are also examined in relation to the role of the law in honour killing. No one can be released free if they break the law, and in this case, it is a felony that violates various regulations designed to safeguard citizens. This crime is similar to many others, but it is distinct enough to be differentiated in the report. When the husband is of low social standing, it lowers the position and caste of the female family, prompting the male family members to murder the girl. But they forget that the girl is their kid and that while rank may be attained, a girl's life can never be replaced, and that caste is less valuable than the girl's life and love spent with them.
Optimization of Digital-Based MSME E-Commerce: Challenges and Opportunities i...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
The impact caused by the Covid-19 Pandemic on Micro and Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) was so severe and fatal
that not a few went out of business. The heavy burden is borne by MSME actors due to social restrictions imposed by the
government, the declining purchasing power of the people, a product that continues to decline until capital runs out. Plus
inadequate knowledge in carrying out marketing strategies and product innovations are the main trigger for the lack of
enthusiasm for MSME actors as well as bankruptcy. MSME digitalization-based e-commerce is an opportunity and the right
solution in dealing with the obstacles caused by the impact of Covid-19, as well as a challenge for MSME actors to design old
ways in new ways through digital business.
Modal Space Controller for Hydraulically Driven Six Degree of Freedom Paralle...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
This paper presents the Modal space decoupled control for a hydraulically driven parallel mechanism has been presented. The approach is based on singular values decomposition to the properties of joint-space inverse mass matrix, and mapping of the control and feedback variables from the joint space to the decoupling modal space. The method transformed highly coupled six-input six-output dynamics into six independent single-input single-output (SISO) 1 DOF hydraulically driven mechanical systems. The novelty in this method is that the signals including control errors, control outputs and pressure feedbacks are transformed into decoupled modal space and also the proportional gains and dynamic pressure feedback are tuned in modal space. The results indicate that the conventional controller can only attenuate the resonance peaks of the lower eigenfrequencies of six rigid modes properly, and the peaking points of other relative higher eigenfrequencies are over damped, The further results show that it is very effective to design and tune the system in modal space and that the bandwidth increased substantially except surge (x) and sway (y) motions, each degree of freedom can be almost tuned independently and their bandwidths can be increased near to the undamped eigenfrequencies.
It is a known fact that a large number of Steel Industry Expansion projects in India have been delayed due to regulatory clearances, environmental issues and problems pertaining to land acquisition. Also, there are challenges in the tendering phase that affect viability of projects thus delaying implementation, construction phase is beset with over-runs and disputes and last but not the least; provider skills are weak all across the value chain. Given the critical role of Steel Sector in ensuring a sustained growth trajectory for India, it is imperative that we identify the core issues affecting completion of infrastructure projects in India and chalk out initiatives that need to be acted upon in short term as well as long term.
A blockchain is a decentralised database that is shared across computer network nodes. A blockchain acts as a database, storing information in a digital format. The study primarily aims to explore how in the future, block chain technology will alter several areas of the Indian economy. The current study aims to obtain a deeper understanding of blockchain technology's idea and implementation in India, as well as the technology's potential as a disruptive financial technological innovation.
Secondary sources such as reports, journals, papers, and websites were used to compile all the data. Current and relevant information were utilised to help understand the research goals. All the information is rationally organised to fulfil the objectives. The current research focuses on recommendations for enhancing India's Blockchain ecosystem so that it may become one of the best in the world at utilising this new technology.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Vehicle Monitoring System based On IOT, Using 4G/LTE
1. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.4.2
6 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Vehicle Monitoring System based On IOT, Using 4G/LTE
Egwuonwu Adolphus Chinonso1
, Okemiri Henry Anayo2
and Chioma Virginia Anikwe3
1
Ph.D Student, Department of Computer Science/Informatics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State,
NIGERIA
2
Lecturer, Department of Mathematics/Computer Science/Statistics/Informatics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-
Alike Ebonyi State, NIGERIA
3
Ph.D Student, Department of Computer Science/Informatics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike Ebonyi State,
NIGERIA
Corresponding Author: henry.okemiri@funai.edu.ng
ABSTRACT
In our World of today, the quest to get rich at all
cost without working for our money has led some of our
youth into crimes such as robbery and kidnapping. As a
result of this and by the sheer fact that vehicles are now very
expensive to buy these days, there is a need for people to
safeguard their vehicles against these hoodlums to avoid loss
of their precious Assets to these rampaging criminals.
Tracking is technology that is used by many companies and
individuals to track a vehicle, an individual or an asset by
using many ways like GPS that operates using satellites and
ground-based stations or by using our approach which
depends on the cellular mobile towers. Vehicle tracking
system is a system that can be used in monitoring and
locating a vehicle, avoid theft or recover a stolen vehicle, for
monitoring of vehicle routes to ensure strict compliance to an
already defined vehicle routes, monitor driver’s behavior,
predict bus arrival as well as for fleet management. Internet
of things has made it very possible to devices to inter
communicate amongst themselves and exchange information,
helping in acquiring and analyzing information faster that we
used to know in the past and this has helped more especially
in vehicle monitoring to ensure that vehicle owners feel safe
about their investments without fearing about their loss. In
this paper, we propose a vehicle monitoring system based on
IOT technology, using 4G/LTE to get the get the coordinate,
speed, and overall condition of the vehicle, process and send
to a remote server to be analyzed and used in locating the
vehicle and monitor its other configured parameters. This is
realized using Raspberry pi, 4G/LTE, GPS, Accelerometer
and other sensors with communicate amongst themselves to
get the environmental parameters which is processed and
sent to a remote server where it is analyzed and represented
on a map to locate the vehicle and monitor the other set
parameters. 4G/LTE provides fast internet connectivity with
overcomes the usual delay usually experienced in sending the
acquired signals to be processed. The True Vehicle position is
represented using google geolocation service and the actual
position triangulated in real-time.
Keywords-- GPS, RASPBERRY PI, 4G/LTE
I. INTRODUCTION
The Internet of Things (IOT) is an arrangement of
interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or individuals that are given
unique identification and the capacity to exchange
information over a system without requiring human-to-
human or human-to-PC intervention. IOT is a new concept
that has evolved from the convergence of wireless
technologies (Mayuresh & Arati, 2017). It is the new
paradigm in the computing world. With this technology,
there is a deep penetration of the internet in our everyday
life and this is seen as the future of computing. With
devices communication amongst themselves with little or
no human intervention, it is very easy to practically
automate everything in our everyday life. The devices used
in this paper were configured to communicate and pick
environmental signals in real-time, filter and send them to
a remote server for analyses and storage.
4G/LTE is a wireless service which aims at
enhancing the universal Terrestrial Radio Access
network(ULTRAN) and optimizing radio architecture
(Huangi, Quian and Gerber, 2012).
It is a high speed mobile broadband that has the
capabilities of transmitting at a speed of over 100Mbps. It
outperforms is predecessor (3G). With 4G/LTE connected
devices exchange information in real-time owing to the
fastness of the 4G/LTE technology and ensures that what
the receiver receives exactly what the sender send with
loss or distortion.
“Vehicle tracking systems are popular among
people as a means of retrieval of stolen device, theft
prevention, monitoring, and surveillance. Due to the
advancement in technology vehicle tracking systems can
now identify and detect vehicle's illegal movements
(Geofencing) and then notify the owner about these
movements as well as perform a predetermined action if
such commands are programmed into the device. This
gives an advantage over the rest applications and other
pieces of technology that can serve for the same purpose.
2. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.4.2
7 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
There is tremendous demand for object tracking
application for the business process. The real-time tracking
information on valuable things and assets could solve
many problems in the world” Muhammed et al (2018).
Nowadays, newer technologies now have features
that are in sync with people’s interests such as being
compact, easier to use, feature-rich, connected to the
internet, fast and smart. With sensors now available and
inexpensive, coupled with the deep penetration on internet,
has resulted in a very interesting technology known as the
Internet of Things (IoT) which is one of the mainstay of
computing. Its aim is to allow people and things to be
connected anytime, anywhere with anything/anyone. In
other words, devices and application have the ability to
communicate each other without or with less human
interference (Thiyagarajan, Umamaheswaran &
Visawanthan, 2014).
With devices communicating amongst
themselves, it is now easy to collect and process data.
Software, programmable hardware, sensors, and internet
now makes it very easy to collect and exchange
information which makes it very easy to remotely control
connected devices over an existing network infrastructure.
IoT can assist in integration of communications, control
and information processing across various transportation
systems. Thiyagarajan et al (2014) suggest that the
application of IoT extends to all aspects of transportation
systems i.e. the vehicle, infrastructure and driver or user.
With 4G/LTE enabling the connectivity to the remote
server, dynamic interaction between these components of a
transport system enables Inter and Intra vehicular
communication, Vehicle monitoring, Vehicle tracking,
Smart traffic control, Smart parking, Logistic and Fleet
management, Vehicle control, Safety and Road assistance
(Mayuresh & Arati, 2017).
This paper propose a system designed to track
and monitor vehicles for purpose of locating and
monitoring them, as well as to stop the vehicle if stolen
and to track it online for retrieval. This system is an
integration of several modern communication
technologies. The GPS picks the latitude and longitude
data, and send it to the Rasberry pi which process, filters,
and transfer it to the remote server where is it analyzed and
triangulated on google Geolocation services and
positioning. The aim of the proposed work is to outline and
create strong security framework for vehicles that can
avert robbery or loss of important movable assets, as well
as retrieval in situation where it is lost. The framework that
has been produced in the proposed work utilizes Raspberry
Pi, 4G/LTS using data enabled sim card for internet
connection.
II. RELATED WORK
Researchers have constantly try to find a new and
better ways of solving problems and challenges facing
human being.
Since the advent of communication satellites and
the subsequent liberalization of its use, it has enabled
individuals and companies to locate and monitor persons,
vehicles and movable assets using GPS via Satellite or
cellular towers.
Mayuresh and Arati (2017) proposed a vehicle
monitoring system using micro controller and GPS + GSM
module to get the exact location of a vehicle and transfer
the latitude and longitude from GPS and automobile data
to end systems. Swetha et al (2017) proposed an Accident
detection and tracking system using Gps technology and
Raspberry pi by sending the information to a mobile
number using WhatsApp. Thiyagarajan et al (2014)
demonstrated an IOT based intelligent transport system
using NFC (Near Field communication) and GPS in
capturing the location of a vehicle and sending same to a
server for processing. Rathod and Pandya (2017) used
Rasp Pi Camera, Gyro Sensors, Raspberry Pi, and Wi-Fi
Module to get the Latitude, Longitude and speed
information of a vehicle and send same as an SMS to the
owner. Ngadiran et al (2017) presented a system of route
monitoring, and directing the vehicle to another route if an
obstacle is detected using Origin – Destination study to
determine the travel pattern. Erabathini et al (2017) used
Custom RFID, CoAP, MQTT, AWS, mosquito paho in
detecting traffic in a smart city arrangement and help in
traffic management. Wang etal (2016) propose a novel
architecture for “things” to access the IoT. The architecture
supports data acquisition, processing, storage and
transmission functions for all kinds of devices and
equipment under the IoT environment. This design can be
widely used in different areas in the IoT environment for
real-time monitoring, environmental data acquisition and
equipment control. In this design, they adopted
IEEE1451.2 standards as the reference to access multiple
sensors, actuators and transducers. The standard stipulates
a series of specifications from sensor interface definition to
the data acquisition. In order to reduce the consumption of
system hardware resources, they adopted FPGA to
implement the whole system. A variety of specific IP cores
are designed and incorporated in the design. Meanwhile,
under the coordination of SoC technology, the main
module of the system was implemented on a single FPGA
chip
IIII. METHODOLOGY
The Proposed system mainly consists of a
Rasberry pi, 4G + GPS module, Accelerometer and
ultrasonic sensor forming the in Vehicle equipment, the 4G
Module provides the connectivity to internet, while the
3. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.4.2
8 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
server is hosted on the internet. Vehicle parameters, speed,
fuel level and location coordinates from GPS module,
accelerometer and the ultrasonic sensor are fed to the
Rasberry pi since they are all interfaced to the Raspberry
pi which serves as the controller. They are interfaced
through the available IO interfaces and configured using
python programing language and AT commands. The units
constantly pick information as configured and sends same
to the Raspberry pi which now modifies and filters the
received signals and send it to the server for processing.
Sim7100A module is used for GPS to determine the
location of the vehicle, the 4G module provides a fast
internet connectivity and creates a path for transmitting in
real time the information received by the Rasberry pi to the
server. Typical parameters monitored are vehicle location
(coordinates), vehicle speed, engine compartment
temperature, fuel level, impact, shock and tilt. These
parameters are processed and stored in database on a web
server and a webpage is created to display vehicle
parameters data and can be accessed using a web browser
or an android App using an integrated Google map
Application program interface. Google map is used to
display vehicle location on map using the coordinate of the
in-vehicle equipment.
Figure 3: Proposed system for the Vehicle tracking system based on IOT
IV. HARDWARE
A. PASBERRY PI
Raspberry Pi is ultra-cheap-yet-serviceable
programmable computer board with support for a large
number of input and output peripherals, and network
communication what makes it the perfect platform for
interfacing with many different devices and using in wide
range of applications [9]. The Raspberry Pi operates in the
open source ecosystem: it runs Linux (a variety of
distributions), and its main supported operating system,
Raspbian, is open source and runs a suite of open source
software. In other words, using single-board computer
4. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.4.2
9 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
such as Raspberry Pi offers an array of connected
hardware and software projects. In works [1] are presented
applications of Raspberry Pi as a Sensor Web, as well as
the advantages and disadvantages.
Figure 5: Rasberry pi B+ model
B. SIM 7100A
SIM7100A Development Board LTE WCDMA
GNSS B2 B4 B15 + GPS Antenna for Raspberry Pi is a
complete multi-band LTE /WCDMA/GNSS module
designed with very powerful processors integrating
application core: gcCortex A5(550MHz), three QDSP6
cores (Up to 500Mhz), allowing customer to benefit from
small dimensions and cost-effective product solutions. It
has strong extension capability with rich interfaces
including UART, USB2.0, SPI, I2C, Keypad, PCM, etc. It
has abundant application and is equipped with
GSM/UMTS/LTE main antenna, UMTS/LTE auxiliary
antenna, and GPS/GLONASS antenna. SIM7100-PCIE
merges GNSS (GPS/GLONASS) satellite and network
information to provide a high-availability solution that
offers industry-leading accuracy and performance. This
solution performs well, even in very challenging
environmental conditions where conventional GNSS
receivers fail, and provides a platform to enable wireless
operators to address both location-based services
Figure 7: Sim 7100A 4G+GPS Board
5. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.4.2
10 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
C. TL1000KA1
This is a 1 MHz Ultrasonic Transducer for Flow
Meter that is both a transmitter and a receiver. It measures
distance by using ultrasonic waves. The sensor head emits
an ultrasonic wave and receives the wave reflected back
from the target. It measures the distance to the target by
measuring the time between the emission and reception, to
determine the actual quantity of fuel remaining in the fuel
tank and transmit same to the Raspberry pi. The distance
is calculated using the formula: Distance L = 1/2 × T × C.
where L is the distance, T is the time between the emission
and reception, and C is the speed of sound. (The value is
multiplied by 1/2 because T is the time for go-and-return
distance.)
Figure 8: Fuel sensor
D. ADXL345 Accelerometer
The ADXL345 is a small, thin, ultralow power, 3-
axis accelerometer with high resolution (13-bit)
measurement at up to ±16 g. Digital output data is
formatted as 16-bit twos complement and is accessible
through either a SPI (3- or 4-wire) or I2C digital interface.
It measures the static acceleration of gravity in tilt-sensing
applications, as well as dynamic acceleration resulting
from motion or shock. Its high resolution (3.9 mg/LSB)
enables measurement of inclination changes less than 1.0°
Figure 9: Functional block diagram of ADXL345
6. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.4.2
11 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
It provides Several special sensing functions.
Activity and inactivity sensing detect the presence or lack
of motion by comparing the acceleration on any axis with
user-set thresholds. Tap sensing detects single and double
taps in any direction. Freefall sensing detects if the device
is falling. These functions can be mapped individually to
either of two interrupt output pins. An integrated memory
management system with a 32-level first in, first out
(FIFO) buffer can be used to store data to minimize host
processor activity and lower overall system power
consumption. Low power modes enable intelligent motion-
based power management with threshold sensing and
active acceleration measurement at extremely low power
dissipation.
Figure 10: ADXL345 Accelerometer
V. RESULTS AND VALIDATION
SIM7100A, ADXL345 Accelerometer, and the
TL1000KA1 is configured and interfaced with Rasberry pi
to get GPS parameters along with vehicle speed, impact,
tilt and the fuel level of the vehicle. Rasberry pi is
programmed to process data of vehicle parameters and
send it to a database on a webserver. SIM7100A module
works on AT commands which can be given via Raspberry
pi code. These commands and the responses of the
SIM7100A module can be monitored using Rasberry pi’s
serial monitor. Python code is used in programing the
Accelerometer.
#import the adxl345 module
import adxl345
#create ADXL345 object
accel = adxl345.ADXL345()
#get axes as g
axes = accel.getAxes(True)
# to get axes as ms^2 use
#axes = accel.getAxes(False)
#put the axes into variables
x = axes['x']
y = axes['y']
z = axes['z']
#print axes
print x
print y
print z
The above program imports a module called
adxl345 from the python library and is used to get the
readings of the axes of the accelerometer.
7. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.4.2
12 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 11: Typical reading from the accelerometer
This is used in detecting the speed of the vehicle
as well as sensing other things such as tilt, shock, and
impact to determine how if the vehicle is over speeding,
crashed, or forceful opening of the vehicle based on the
state of the vehicle.
Figure 12: Server control page for monitoring and analyzing data received from the tracker
8. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
www.ijemr.net https://doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.11.4.2
13 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Figure 13: Map showing location and speed of vehicle
A webpage is created to display data of vehicle
parameters sent by Rasberry pi through the SIM7100A 4G
hardware system to the database. This data is also linked
with the Google maps for real time location display of
vehicle on map.
Figure 14: Vehicles reporting with their location
VI. CONCLUSION
We have proposed a new method of Vehicle
monitoring System using Raspberry Pi (IOT)”. The aim of
the project is to serve as a solution for locating vehicle and
monitoring the fuel level of the vehicle using Raspberry Pi.
Rasberry pi is a single board on chip computer that can
control many input and output devices using GPIO pins
which requires software like Raspbian. You can check the
overall vehicle such as trip, daily fuel usage, driver’s
behavior, maintenance and vehicle behavior report.
The vehicle monitoring system performs real-time
and comprehensive monitoring including temperature,
humidity, real-time position, speed, tilt and shock. All the
information is displayed with visualization interface,
which could be used for security monitoring, accident
prevention, theft avoidance and recover, and traffic
dispatching. At the same time, all the collected data are
stored in the server database which could be access in the
future. This system is useful in many applications such as
security, vehicle tracking, fleet management, and for theft
prevention and recovery.
9. International Journal of Engineering and Management Research e-ISSN: 2250-0758 | p-ISSN: 2394-6962
Volume-11, Issue-4 (August 2021)
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14 This Work is under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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