With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
A prototype of IOT Car Parking System that allows drivers to effectively find the vacant parking spaces is been designed and implemented in this report . By periodically learning the parking status from the sensor networks deployed in parking lots, the drivers are allowed to access this information with their personal communication devices and exactly know which parking slots are vacant. This particular application uses internet of things for accessing the information with their mobile phones. This system has the potential to simplify the operations of parking systems, as well as alleviate traffic congestion caused by parking searching and would definitely make people follow the traffic rules and ensure safety. The developed system is reliable, low cost and user friendly
Nowadays the congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing population rapidly. With respect to
the amount of population country, the utilization of personal vehicles also increased. Most of the folks choose personal
vehicles than public transportation. Enter his/her details to the application, and enter the location where he/she wants to
reach time-consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during the rush
hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find a proper and secure parking space. The
proposed project is a smart parking system that delivers information to people finding a parking space online booking. It
reduce unnecessary time consuming for searching the problem of parking space in parking areas. Hence, the website is
provided by this project-based system where users can view various parking areas and choose the space from obtainable
slots. Keywords:
Internet of Things based smart campus - smart car parkingChandan Taluja
Smart campus is an intelligent campus developed and evolved on the basis of digital campus. Compared with traditional digital campus, smart campus can supple all kinds of services more quickly, more flexibly and more economically, which is a new mode of the development of education information in colleges.
A smart campus is similar to a miniaturized smart city, which foresees connecting the wide-reaching educational resources to the faculty and the students while contributing in their overall intellectual and social development. Although, the requirements of a university campus are slightly different from that of a smart city, such as installing smart traffic congestion reducing systems are of little to no use in a smart campus but on the other hand a university campus may benefit from Smart Waste Management System (SWMS) and Centralized Information System (CIS).
The main objective of this project is to avoid the congestion in the car parking area by implementing a parking management system. Normally at public places such as multiplex theaters, market areas, hospitals, function-halls, offices and shopping malls, one experiences the discomfort in looking out for a vacant parking slot, though it’s a paid facility with an attendant/ security guard. The parking management system is proposed to demonstrate hazel free parking for 32 cars, with 16 slots on each of the two floors. The proposed system uses 32 infrared transmitter-receiver pairs that remotely communicate the status of parking occupancy to the microcontroller system and displays the vacant slots on the display at the entrance of the parking so that the user gets to know the availability /unavailability of parking space prior to his/her entry into the parking place. In this system the users are guided to the vacant slot for parking using Bi-colored LEDs and the ultrasonic sensors enable the drivers to park the vehicle safely. The parking charges are automatically deducted from the user’s account using RFID technology. From security point of view a daily log-book of entry/exit along with the vehicle details is also registered in the computer’s memory.Implementation of concept of green communication and exception handling facility make the system concept unique and innovative.
IOT Based Smart Parking and Damage Detection Using RFIDMaheshMoses
The proposed Smart Parking framework comprises an IoT module that is utilized to screen and signalize the condition of accessibility of a single parking spot The damage detection of the car can be detected using a vibration sensor
Iot based smart car parking system for smart convertedkrish2000
A Mobile application which displays the available parking slots and filled parking slots at a given area. Where the data
is accessed from the database and displayed in real time
The main motive behind this technology is to reduce and secure the parking issues in metro cities. They
technology is designed to solve the daily problems of parking in many places like malls, multiplex, award
functions, auditorium etc. The aim and purpose is to scale down an efficient working model of a vehicle parking
system for accommodating vehicles within a limited area. The goal is to provide better security and reliability
with an advanced vehicle parking system. Architects and designers are finding various possible solutions to
reduce this people problem.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
A study of remotely booking slot for vehicle using Internet of Things IJECEIAES
Internet Of Things (IoT) is a continually growing area which aids us to unite diverse objects. The proposed system exhibits the universal notion of utilizing cloud-based intellectual automotive car parking facilities in smart cities as a notable implementation of the IoT. The RFID technology is used in this system along with suitable IoT protocols to evade human interference, which reduces the cost. Information is bartered using readers and tags. Open Service Gateways can be effectively used for this module. This system established on the consequence of IoT and the purposes are solving the chaos, bewilderment, and extensive backlogs in parking spaces. The proposed work aims to solve these problems and offer car drivers a hassle-free and instantaneous car parking experience. A Raspberry Pi would act as a mini-computer in our system. A suitable smallest path methodology would be cast-off to obtain the shortest distance between the user and every car park in the system. Hence, the pausing time of the user is decreased. This work furthermore includes the practice of remotely booking of a slot with the collaboration of android application exercising smartphones for the communication between the Smart Parking system and the user.
A prototype of IOT Car Parking System that allows drivers to effectively find the vacant parking spaces is been designed and implemented in this report . By periodically learning the parking status from the sensor networks deployed in parking lots, the drivers are allowed to access this information with their personal communication devices and exactly know which parking slots are vacant. This particular application uses internet of things for accessing the information with their mobile phones. This system has the potential to simplify the operations of parking systems, as well as alleviate traffic congestion caused by parking searching and would definitely make people follow the traffic rules and ensure safety. The developed system is reliable, low cost and user friendly
Nowadays the congestion of traffic level increases with the increasing population rapidly. With respect to
the amount of population country, the utilization of personal vehicles also increased. Most of the folks choose personal
vehicles than public transportation. Enter his/her details to the application, and enter the location where he/she wants to
reach time-consuming to find parking space in most metropolitan areas, commercial areas, especially during the rush
hours. It is often costly in almost every big city in all over the world to find a proper and secure parking space. The
proposed project is a smart parking system that delivers information to people finding a parking space online booking. It
reduce unnecessary time consuming for searching the problem of parking space in parking areas. Hence, the website is
provided by this project-based system where users can view various parking areas and choose the space from obtainable
slots. Keywords:
Internet of Things based smart campus - smart car parkingChandan Taluja
Smart campus is an intelligent campus developed and evolved on the basis of digital campus. Compared with traditional digital campus, smart campus can supple all kinds of services more quickly, more flexibly and more economically, which is a new mode of the development of education information in colleges.
A smart campus is similar to a miniaturized smart city, which foresees connecting the wide-reaching educational resources to the faculty and the students while contributing in their overall intellectual and social development. Although, the requirements of a university campus are slightly different from that of a smart city, such as installing smart traffic congestion reducing systems are of little to no use in a smart campus but on the other hand a university campus may benefit from Smart Waste Management System (SWMS) and Centralized Information System (CIS).
The main objective of this project is to avoid the congestion in the car parking area by implementing a parking management system. Normally at public places such as multiplex theaters, market areas, hospitals, function-halls, offices and shopping malls, one experiences the discomfort in looking out for a vacant parking slot, though it’s a paid facility with an attendant/ security guard. The parking management system is proposed to demonstrate hazel free parking for 32 cars, with 16 slots on each of the two floors. The proposed system uses 32 infrared transmitter-receiver pairs that remotely communicate the status of parking occupancy to the microcontroller system and displays the vacant slots on the display at the entrance of the parking so that the user gets to know the availability /unavailability of parking space prior to his/her entry into the parking place. In this system the users are guided to the vacant slot for parking using Bi-colored LEDs and the ultrasonic sensors enable the drivers to park the vehicle safely. The parking charges are automatically deducted from the user’s account using RFID technology. From security point of view a daily log-book of entry/exit along with the vehicle details is also registered in the computer’s memory.Implementation of concept of green communication and exception handling facility make the system concept unique and innovative.
IOT Based Smart Parking and Damage Detection Using RFIDMaheshMoses
The proposed Smart Parking framework comprises an IoT module that is utilized to screen and signalize the condition of accessibility of a single parking spot The damage detection of the car can be detected using a vibration sensor
Iot based smart car parking system for smart convertedkrish2000
A Mobile application which displays the available parking slots and filled parking slots at a given area. Where the data
is accessed from the database and displayed in real time
The main motive behind this technology is to reduce and secure the parking issues in metro cities. They
technology is designed to solve the daily problems of parking in many places like malls, multiplex, award
functions, auditorium etc. The aim and purpose is to scale down an efficient working model of a vehicle parking
system for accommodating vehicles within a limited area. The goal is to provide better security and reliability
with an advanced vehicle parking system. Architects and designers are finding various possible solutions to
reduce this people problem.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
A study of remotely booking slot for vehicle using Internet of Things IJECEIAES
Internet Of Things (IoT) is a continually growing area which aids us to unite diverse objects. The proposed system exhibits the universal notion of utilizing cloud-based intellectual automotive car parking facilities in smart cities as a notable implementation of the IoT. The RFID technology is used in this system along with suitable IoT protocols to evade human interference, which reduces the cost. Information is bartered using readers and tags. Open Service Gateways can be effectively used for this module. This system established on the consequence of IoT and the purposes are solving the chaos, bewilderment, and extensive backlogs in parking spaces. The proposed work aims to solve these problems and offer car drivers a hassle-free and instantaneous car parking experience. A Raspberry Pi would act as a mini-computer in our system. A suitable smallest path methodology would be cast-off to obtain the shortest distance between the user and every car park in the system. Hence, the pausing time of the user is decreased. This work furthermore includes the practice of remotely booking of a slot with the collaboration of android application exercising smartphones for the communication between the Smart Parking system and the user.
Right now economy, the number of vehicle user’s increments exponentially requesting all the more parking spots. Inescapable nearness of advanced cell urges users to lean toward mobile application based arrangements. The development of IoT has cleared the path for the incorporation of cell phones, remote correspondence advancements, and portable applications. internet of Things IoT assumes an indispensable job in interfacing the encompassing ecological things to the system and made simple to get to those un internet things from any remote area. Its unavoidable for the individuals to refresh with the developing technology. Also, for the most part, individuals are confronting issues on leaving vehicles in leaving spaces in a city. Lately, the idea of shrewd urban communities has picked up grind prevalence. On account of the development of the Internet of things savvy city currently is by all accounts attainable. Predictable endeavors are being made in the field of IoT so as to augment the efficiency and unwavering quality of the urban framework. Issues, for example, traffic clog, a restricted vehicle leaving offices and street security are being tended to by IoT. Right now, present an IoT based cloud incorporated shrewd stopping framework. The proposed Intelligent Parking framework comprises of an on location sending of an IoT module that is utilized to screen and signalize the condition of accessibility of each single parking spot. A versatile application is likewise given that permits an end client to check the accessibility of parking spots and book a stopping space as needs are. The paper likewise depicts an elevated level perspective on framework engineering. Towards the end, the paper talks about the working of the framework in the type of a utilization case that demonstrates the rightness of the proposed model. Abhinav Anand Singh "Intelligent Parking System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30452.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/other/30452/intelligent-parking-system/abhinav-anand-singh
Smart Car Parking system using GSM Technologydbpublications
In this paper, we present PGS, a Parking Guidance System based on wireless sensor network(WSN) which guides a driver to an available parking lot. The system consists of a WSN based VDS (vehicle detection sub-system) and a management subsystem. The WSN based VDS gathers information on the availability of each parking lot and the management sub-system processes the information and refines them and guides the driver to the available parking lot by controlling a VMS (Variable Messaging System). The paper describes the overall system architecture of PGS from the hardware platform to the application software in the view point of a WSN. We implemented the WSN based VDS of PGS and experimented on the system with several kinds of cars.
Conceptualization of IoT Powered Parking SystemIJERA Editor
In the present world, traffic congestion caused by vehicle is a frustrating problem and it has been growing exponentially. Car parking problem is one of the major contributor for this traffic congestion especially in urban cities. Currently the manual method where in the driver finds the parking area by luck and in most cases it leads to failure, if the driver is in a city with high vehicle density. As an alternative for this we proposed “IOT POWERED PARKING SYSTEM”. It mainly aims on deduction of time in finding the parking slots and also it avoids the unnecessary travelling through filled parking slots in a parking area. Thus by decreasing the fuel consumption which in turn reduces carbon elimination in our atmosphere.
Internet of things (IoT) infrastructures are rapidly expanding, which will lead to an unanticipated rise in demand for smart cities. The concept of a "smart city" has recently gained traction in urban planning circles. An IoTbased smart parking system is the focus of this article, and it allows a motorist to locate a car park and an available parking space in an indoor metropolis, all from the comfort of their own vehicle. Additional efforts are made to reduce the time spent defining parking zones. Reduced fuel use helps to cut down on pollution, as well as avoid needless travel through congested parking lots, which can help to reduce unlawful parking and alleviate traffic congestion in the city we all live in. These innovations include automobile particular identification via radio frequency identification (RFID) tags, unoccupied slot detection through the use of ultrasonic sensors, and cost calculating based largely on parking duration. The technology we've used is unique in that it runs on separate parts of the system for the hardware and the software.
Smart prepaid traffic fines system using RFID, IoT and mobile appTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This work is intended to deliver an intelligent traffic system using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. It designed and implemented in a way where fines are autonomously registered. In addition, a mobile app was built to assist traffic officers managing their field works. Low cost equipment’s have been used such as RFID technology, passive tags, processing unit (personal computer), and a connection system. First stage is represented by collecting data using the RFID, where it reads any identified tag that attached with vehicles. Next, a certain data are transmitted to the server using internet network communication system. The server is responsible for processing these data according to a pre-defined rules. Finally, police officers can use the mobile app to perform several tasks according the processed data such as monitoring a specific car, register a new car ID and others.
Similar to The Smart Parking Management System (20)
In the era of data-driven warfare, the integration of big data and machine learning (ML) techniques has
become paramount for enhancing defence capabilities. This research report delves into the applications of
big data and ML in the defence sector, exploring their potential to revolutionize intelligence gathering,
strategic decision-making, and operational efficiency. By leveraging vast amounts of data and advanced
algorithms, these technologies offer unprecedented opportunities for threat detection, predictive analysis,
and optimized resource allocation. However, their adoption also raises critical concerns regarding data
privacy, ethical implications, and the potential for misuse. This report aims to provide a comprehensive
understanding of the current state of big data and ML in defence, while examining the challenges and
ethical considerations that must be addressed to ensure responsible and effective implementation.
Cloud Computing, being one of the most recent innovative developments of the IT world, has been
instrumental not just to the success of SMEs but, through their productivity and innovative contribution to
the economy, has even made a remarkable contribution to the economic growth of the United States. To
this end, the study focuses on how cloud computing technology has impacted economic growth through
SMEs in the United States. Relevant literature connected to the variables of interest in this study was
reviewed, and secondary data was generated and utilized in the analysis section of this paper. The findings
of this paper revealed that there have been meaningful contributions that the usage of virtualization has
made in the commercial dealings of small firms in the United States, and this has also been reflected in the
economic growth of the country. This paper further revealed that as important as cloud-based software is,
some SMEs are still skeptical about how it can help improve their business and increase their bottom line
and hence have failed to adopt it. Apart from the SMEs, some notable large firms in different industries,
including information and educational services, have adopted cloud computing technology and hence
contributed to the economic growth of the United States. Lastly, findings from our inferential statistics
revealed that no discernible change has occurred in innovation between small and big businesses in the
adoption of cloud computing. Both categories of businesses adopt cloud computing in the same way, and
their contribution to the American economy has no significant difference in the usage of virtualization.
Energy-constrained Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have garnered significant research interest in
recent years. Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO), or Cooperative MIMO, represents a specialized
application of MIMO technology within WSNs. This approach operates effectively, especially in
challenging and resource-constrained environments. By facilitating collaboration among sensor nodes,
Cooperative MIMO enhances reliability, coverage, and energy efficiency in WSN deployments.
Consequently, MIMO finds application in diverse WSN scenarios, spanning environmental monitoring,
industrial automation, and healthcare applications.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication. IJCSIT publishes original research papers and review papers, as well as auxiliary material such as: research papers, case studies, technical reports etc.
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones
and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking
Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This
gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are
utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the
server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost
to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be
connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
Welcome to AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT), your gateway to the latest advancements in the dynamic fields of Computer Science and Information Systems.
Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) are computer-based tutoring systems that deal with
linguistic skills. Adding intelligence in such systems is mainly based on using Natural Language
Processing (NLP) tools to diagnose student errors, especially in language grammar. However, most such
systems do not consider the modeling of student competence in linguistic skills, especially for the Arabic
language. In this paper, we will deal with basic grammar concepts of the Arabic language taught for the
fourth grade of the elementary school in Egypt. This is through Arabic Grammar Trainer (AGTrainer)
which is an Intelligent CALL. The implemented system (AGTrainer) trains the students through different
questions that deal with the different concepts and have different difficulty levels. Constraint-based student
modeling (CBSM) technique is used as a short-term student model. CBSM is used to define in small grain
level the different grammar skills through the defined skill structures. The main contribution of this paper
is the hierarchal representation of the system's basic grammar skills as domain knowledge. That
representation is used as a mechanism for efficiently checking constraints to model the student knowledge
and diagnose the student errors and identify their cause. In addition, satisfying constraints and the number
of trails the student takes for answering each question and fuzzy logic decision system are used to
determine the student learning level for each lesson as a long-term model. The results of the evaluation
showed the system's effectiveness in learning in addition to the satisfaction of students and teachers with its
features and abilities.
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This research aims to further understanding in the field of continuous authentication using behavioural
biometrics. We are contributing a novel dataset that encompasses the gesture data of 15 users playing
Minecraft with a Samsung Tablet, each for a duration of 15 minutes. Utilizing this dataset, we employed
machine learning (ML) binary classifiers, being Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), and
Support Vector Classifier (SVC), to determine the authenticity of specific user actions. Our most robust
model was SVC, which achieved an average accuracy of approximately 90%, demonstrating that touch
dynamics can effectively distinguish users. However, further studies are needed to make it viable option
for authentication systems. You can access our dataset at the following
link:https://github.com/AuthenTech2023/authentech-repo
This paper discusses the capabilities and limitations of GPT-3 (0), a state-of-the-art language model, in the
context of text understanding. We begin by describing the architecture and training process of GPT-3, and
provide an overview of its impressive performance across a wide range of natural language processing
tasks, such as language translation, question-answering, and text completion. Throughout this research
project, a summarizing tool was also created to help us retrieve content from any types of document,
specifically IELTS (0) Reading Test data in this project. We also aimed to improve the accuracy of the
summarizing, as well as question-answering capabilities of GPT-3 (0) via long text
In the realm of computer security, the importance of efficient and reliable user authentication methods has
become increasingly critical. This paper examines the potential of mouse movement dynamics as a
consistent metric for continuous authentication. By analysing user mouse movement patterns in two
contrasting gaming scenarios, "Team Fortress" and "Poly Bridge," we investigate the distinctive
behavioral patterns inherent in high-intensity and low-intensity UI interactions. The study extends beyond
conventional methodologies by employing a range of machine learning models. These models are carefully
selected to assess their effectiveness in capturing and interpreting the subtleties of user behavior as
reflected in their mouse movements. This multifaceted approach allows for a more nuanced and
comprehensive understanding of user interaction patterns. Our findings reveal that mouse movement
dynamics can serve as a reliable indicator for continuous user authentication. The diverse machine
learning models employed in this study demonstrate competent performance in user verification, marking
an improvement over previous methods used in this field. This research contributes to the ongoing efforts to
enhance computer security and highlights the potential of leveraging user behavior, specifically mouse
dynamics, in developing robust authentication systems.
Image segmentation and classification tasks in computer vision have proven to be highly effective using neural networks, specifically Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). These tasks have numerous
practical applications, such as in medical imaging, autonomous driving, and surveillance. CNNs are capable
of learning complex features directly from images and achieving outstanding performance across several
datasets. In this work, we have utilized three different datasets to investigate the efficacy of various preprocessing and classification techniques in accurssedately segmenting and classifying different structures
within the MRI and natural images. We have utilized both sample gradient and Canny Edge Detection
methods for pre-processing, and K-means clustering have been applied to segment the images. Image
augmentation improves the size and diversity of datasets for training the models for image classification.
This work highlights transfer learning’s effectiveness in image classification using CNNs and VGG 16 that
provides insights into the selection of pre-trained models and hyper parameters for optimal performance.
We have proposed a comprehensive approach for image segmentation and classification, incorporating preprocessing techniques, the K-means algorithm for segmentation, and employing deep learning models such
as CNN and VGG 16 for classification.
The security of Electric Vehicle (EV) charging has gained momentum after the increase in the EV adoption
in the past few years. Mobile applications have been integrated into EV charging systems that mainly use a
cloud-based platform to host their services and data. Like many complex systems, cloud systems are
susceptible to cyberattacks if proper measures are not taken by the organization to secure them. In this
paper, we explore the security of key components in the EV charging infrastructure, including the mobile
application and its cloud service. We conducted an experiment that initiated a Man in the Middle attack
between an EV app and its cloud services. Our results showed that it is possible to launch attacks against
the connected infrastructure by taking advantage of vulnerabilities that may have substantial economic and
operational ramifications on the EV charging ecosystem. We conclude by providing mitigation suggestions
and future research directions.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
The AIRCC's International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology (IJCSIT) is devoted to fields of Computer Science and Information Systems. The IJCSIT is a open access peer-reviewed scientific journal published in electronic form as well as print form. The mission of this journal is to publish original contributions in its field in order to propagate knowledge amongst its readers and to be a reference publication.
This paper describes the outcome of an attempt to implement the same transitive closure (TC) algorithm
for Apache MapReduce running on different Apache Hadoop distributions. Apache MapReduce is a
software framework used with Apache Hadoop, which has become the de facto standard platform for
processing and storing large amounts of data in a distributed computing environment. The research
presented here focuses on the variations observed among the results of an efficient iterative transitive
closure algorithm when run against different distributed environments. The results from these comparisons
were validated against the benchmark results from OYSTER, an open source Entity Resolution system. The
experiment results highlighted the inconsistencies that can occur when using the same codebase with
different implementations of Map Reduce.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. International Journal of Computer Science & Information Technology (IJCSIT) Vol 12, No 4, August 2020
DOI: 10.5121/ijcsit.2020.12405 55
THE SMART PARKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Amira. A. Elsonbaty1
and Mahmoud Shams2
1
Department of communication and electronics, Higher institute of engineering and
technology, new Damietta, New Damietta, Egypt, 34517
2
Department of Machine Learning and Information Retrieval, Faculty of Artificial
Intelligence, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, 33511
ABSTRACT
With growing, Car parking increases with the number of car users. With the increased use of smartphones
and their applications, users prefer mobile phone-based solutions. This paper proposes the Smart Parking
Management System (SPMS) that depends on Arduino parts, Android applications, and based on IoT. This
gave the client the ability to check available parking spaces and reserve a parking spot. IR sensors are
utilized to know if a car park space is allowed. Its area data are transmitted using the WI-FI module to the
server and are recovered by the mobile application which offers many options attractively and with no cost
to users and lets the user check reservation details. With IoT technology, the smart parking system can be
connected wirelessly to easily track available locations.
KEYWORDS
Internet of Things, Cloud Computing, Smart Parking, Smart City, Mobile Application.
1. INTRODUCTION
The number of car client’s increases was requested more parking spots, and with the growth of
the internet of things causes smart urban areas to have picked up grind popularity. In this way,
issues, for example, traffic blockage, constrained vehicle leaving offices, and street security are
being tended to by IoT. So, several parking organization systems have been organized to decrease
such traffic issues and improve the comfort of car users, it has combined
smart mobiles, wireless algorithms, and mobile applications. The idea of the Internet of Things
(IoT) started with things with Personal communication devices, which the devices could be
tracked, controlled to use remote PCs connected with the internet [1]. The Internet of Things
(IoT) equals “=’ Physical devices, vehicles, structures, and different things implanted with
hardware “+” Controller, Sensor, and Actuators “+” organize a network that lets these things to
gather and exchange information (Internet) [2]. Sensors are deployed in smart systems, which in
turn collect information from the device for processing and analysis .So, Sensors would be
deployed in the parking area and through the mobile application for helping the user to know the
freedom of parking places on a real-time basis with more efficiency, and less cost [3]. A smart
parking system reduces the time to locate available places and reduces fuel consumption. The
paper is organized as follows: First, it presents the concept of the smart parking system and its
various functions, then its reviews previous research and studies on the implementation of smart
parking. Then it describes the system implementation and operation and gives a conclusion of the
smart parking application.
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2. SMART PARKING SYSTEM
One of the most important problems facing large cities is congestion and parking . So, using
Automated Parking System Management is an efficient technique using the Internet of Things to
manage the garage [4]. Smart parking is an electronic tool that enables the user to find vacant
parking spaces through information technology and by using appropriate sensors [5]. Among the
most used types in smart parking, systems are data routing systems, smart payment systems, and
electronic car parks. These types require disclosure of whether parking spaces are vacant or not.
With the user registration in the system, a unique identifier is created for him, and with the
booking, it has the booking details, and via their smartphones, the entire time, exit time, and
money are calculated. The System building consists of, the lowest level, including the functions
of sensing, data transmission is created during a middle level, and upper-level deals with the
storage and processing information, and user interfaces [6].
Figure 1. Smart parking system building
3. LITERATURE SERVEY
In this section, some related works of smart parking are presented. The System [7] was used
sensors, technologies, and interfaces to collect and display information in real-time, which
required expensive private infrastructure. The smart parking system [8] delivered user
information and accessibility of parking slots through the VMS on the internet. It was classified
into off-road and on-road. Google map application, ultrasonic sensors, and cloud-stored data were
used in Smart parking [9], the Android application map forward data of the empty place of the
user. Each slot had an LED for finding out the parking space and booking. The Infrared sensor in
[10] was implemented to find out a free place and open the entry and exit gate. RFID tag issued
to approve an individual's entry to the parking place using the mobile application the ACO
algorithm was presented in [11] to calculate the shortest path between the user, and the available
space by connecting to the cloud. The System [12] using Arduino and Raspberry PI to detect the
free slots by using an internet server, and GPS for booking. The system [13] was proposed which
uses Infrared sensors. Verification is accomplished using an RFID tag and ZigBee for
communication. The android application in [14] would have customer detail include area, state,
car number, the user enters and exit time, and selecting a parking location gets data about the
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available vacant parking slot, and MYSQL database stored user details. The system [14] was
employed a camera to capture the car number plate and convert the image to see whether the car
is a certified used car or not. The system [15] used Vehicle to Infrastructure (V2I) to
communicate with the driver sending the parking request providing, the user information status of
conforming reservation, and Infrastructure to Vehicle (I2V) communication was employed for
reserve parking place application and shows the direction. For safety purposes, QR code was
employed, webcam used to scan the code, and authorized to indicate the car parking zone
direction. A Privacy-Preserving Pay-by-Phone parking system [16] was proposed, which book by
pay by phone method. Mobile application using credit card payment method is implemented. The
new user can register, and the new user contacts the system, server, and gets a new e-coins. Each
e-coin having a parking duration time of the slot. Parking officer queries of on-board devices by
performing an RFID query. The system [17] delivers parking facilities in real-time and users are
ready to book places and make payments before incoming at the car park's lot. The system in [18]
proposed a communication system and a database using the cloud. An ultrasonic sensor in [18]
placed on the ground connected via Ethernet. The system [19] used wireless communication to
order places of the nearest parking spaces through the GPS. The system transmits the availability
of spaces every 2 mins. If all parking spaces are unavailable, no actions are measured; within the
opposite case, any user is ready to order a locality within 2 km of their location. A system was
presented in [20] calculates the optimal car parking, neighborhood for the user-supported space
of trajectory and time. The system did not have the booking service and was subject to the
availability of the space at that time.
4. THEORY OF THE PROJECT
4.1. The Problem Definition
People usually travel around within the parking regions trying to find an appropriate place to park
in, to solve this problem, the automated car parking system has created. Assistive technology is
needed, which may provide parking information for registered customers using smartphones and
their applications. Users can obtain the service by registering, and in case of booking, the
destination and the estimated time of arrival are determined, and the booking details are sent to
the user.
4.2. Aim of the project
The smart car parking system is an integrated system to recognize the nearest available parking
zone. So, the main purpose of the system is to provide a solution to the parking problem, to
reduce the time to search for parking lots, and to eliminate unnecessary travel for vehicles
4.3. How Smart Parking Works
Smart parking suggests an IoT-based system that sends data to free and busy parking places via
net/mobile applications. The IoT-network includes sensors and microcontrollers, which are found
in each parking place. We implemented an enclosed smart parking project (SPMS), that using the
Internet of Things and IR sensors, where available parking places can be displayed in a web
application, then the user receives a live update about the availability of all parking places and
chooses the best one. Smart parking IoT implementation is usually divided into the following
parts:
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1 Collection The collection depends on parking sensors to collect real-time parking. The parking
systems may use sensors like Infrared, and Ultrasonic Sensorsdetect whether a
parking slot is empty or not [21]. Also, an ESP8266 Wi-Fi chip comprises ofthe
TCP / IP protocol, that licenses any microcontroller to contact a Wi-Fi network.
2 Processing The processing unit acts as interference between the sensors and the cloud [22]. It
includes an Arduino which is a processor on-chip. All the sensors are wirelessly
connected to the processing unit, and data collected from various sensors are sent
to it through the esp8266 chip.
3 Deployment It deals with communication methods. Message Queue Telemetry Transport
Protocol (MQTT) is a publish-subscribe based messaging protocol that is used on
top of the TCP/IP protocol [23].
4 Services It can be made available to users once they finish storing data and monitoring
information.
5 Connection Interested in the Internet of Things layer that deals with the database of parked cars
through a shared server. The cloud stores data for available parking lots, user sites,
profiles, etc. [24].It keeps a track of each user connected to the system andstoresa
backup of the information stored in the cloud.
6 Mobile
application
It is the interface application between humans and the system.
Figure 2. Smart Parking System.
5. IMPLEMENTATION & WORKING
5.1. The Proposed System
Finding a place to park cars involves three-stage. First, the parking area which has Arduino
devices along with the sensors to interact between the user and the parking area. The second stage
contains the cloud services which act as an intermediary between the user and the parking area.
The third stage is the user side. The user gets a notification of the availability via mobile
applications. For each parking region, Arduino sensors are positioned, and the sensors detect the
number of parking slots, the number of free, and booked slots. WIFI module is used for
communication between the mobile app and sensors.
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Figure 3. The architecture of booking for parking.
Figure 4. The smart parking implementation
5.2. Components of Proposed System
The proposed system works through a set of commands within the Arduino and it needs
hardware components to work suitably.
5.2.1. Hardware Components& Circuits
1. Arduino is a project created by the largest technical community of engineers and
developers to develop interactive control projects using various types of electronic boards
programmed with free programming language [25].
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Figure 5, Arduino UNO Board.
2. GSM Module is a circuit which is used to set up communication between mobile phones
and microcontroller. It is used to send SMS, MMS, and voice messages through a mobile
network [26].
3. Node MCU is an open-source Lua built firmware and development board targeted for IoT
based applications, that relies on the ESP8266 Wi-Fi, and the ESP-12 module [27].
Figure 6, NodeMCU ESP8266 development board
4. 16×2 LCD Display with I2C is an electronic display module that produces a visible image
that can display up to 32 characters on a single screen [28]. LCD Display uses many
numbers of Pins of Arduino for connecting Inter-integrated Circuit (I2C). It decodes the
data received from the I2C Bus into Parallel data that is required for the LCD Display.
Figure 7. 16×2 LCD Display with I2C
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5. TCRT5000 Circuit: An Infrared (obstacle sensor) uses to detect the presence of the object
or any other reflective surface in front. Its package has a Photodiode that uses to generate
an IR signal and a Phototransistor which can be used to read the IR signal that is reflected
[29]. The obstacle detected if the reading of the IR sensor is “0”.
Figure 8. TCRT5000 Circuit
6. A servo motor is a motor with a gearbox and a Shaft transmission that gives motion greater
torque and greater precision [30]. When the engine is pulsed at a certain time, the engine
rotates the angle according to that time.
Figure 9. A servomotor
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7. Piezoelectric Sensor converts physical parameters, for example, acceleration, strain, or
pressure into an electrical charge which can then be measured [31].
Figure 10. Piezoelectric Sensor
5.2.2. Second: Software Components & Circuits
1. Arduino IDE supports the languages C and C++ using distinct guidelines of code
architecture, which stores a software library from the wiring project, which runs common
input and output procedures.
2. MS SQL Server is a client-server architecture that accepts, processes, and replies to the
client request with processed data.
Figure. 11. SQL Server Architecture Diagram
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6. RESULTS
6.1. Hardware Implementation
Figure. 12, smart parking implementation
Figure. 13, smart parking design
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6.2. Smart Parking Database
The tables and the relations of the smart parking database are shown in figure 16
Figure. 14. Tables & Relations of smart parking database
6.3. Android Parking App is developed using the Android Studio application platform. Figure
17 (A- B- C- D- E- F- G- H) displays the android mobile application pages.
A. Splash screen of application B. Login page C. Reset forget password
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D. Registration page E.-Select service F. Extra service
G. Searching page for parking H. View slots of parking
7. CONCLUSION
The services provided by smart parking have become the essence of building smart cities. This
paper focused on implementing an integrated solution for smart parking. The proposed system
has several advantages, including detecting parking spaces using the Internet of Things and
calculating the time of entry and exit and calculating the expected cost. An attractive and
effective application was designed for Android mobile phones. The system benefits from
avoiding wasting time and reducing pollution and fuel consumption. Users can book a car park
for 24 hours.
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